基于Surpac软件的矿体三维模型的构建

"数字矿山""智慧矿山"和"无人矿山"是现代矿山信息化研究的热点,矿体三维模型的构建提升了矿山地质三维信息的可视化程度,是实现"数字矿山""智慧矿山"和"无人矿山"核心基础。[1],[2]本文借助国际矿业软件Surpac建立了四川省冕宁县太洋沟铅锌矿矿体三维模型,重点探讨了建模过程中原始地质数据的处理、地质数据库的设计、模型的构建中涉及的方法与技术。矿体三维模型的构建,更有利于掌握矿体形态及资源储量的分布,为今后矿床的勘查开发、经济评价提供重要的指导帮助。     

基于Surpac的乌山铜钼矿模型优化研究

利用矿业软件Surpac,收集矿山在开采过程中的生产勘探数据和南矿段补勘所采集的钻孔资料,更新了地质数据库;对乌山铜钼矿矿床模型进行了优化研究;为边际品位指标优化提供了地质资源基础;同时也作为储量估算和境界圈定的依据。     

基于3DMine软件的三维地质建模及储量估算——以广西西林县马蒿锑矿山为例

21世纪是信息化的时代,同时也是数字化的时代,而三维矿山模拟正是数字矿山中的关键技术。本文分析和研究了三维矿山模型的基本原理与方法,借助3Dmine软件,以广西西林县马蒿锑矿山的地质资料为基础,建立三维地质模型,并利用普通克里格法对矿山进行资源储量估算,结果显示:马蒿锑矿山通过普通克里格法估值的资源储量与传统地质块段法估算的资储量偏差为4.72%,误差较小,3Dmine软件可以实现资源储量三维可视化及矿山基础数据的精准、集约化管理。     

基于三维地质模型的道坨锰矿资源储量计算研究

本文利用一套在矿山领域内具有先进水平的大型数字化矿山工程软件SURPAC,以贵州省松桃县道坨锰矿为研究对象,利用钻孔数据、样品化验数据等基础地质数据,建立数据库,然后按照设定的矿体圈定原则,分别建立地形模型、矿体模型、夹石模型,最终构建道坨锰矿的三维地质模型。在此基础上,进行样品品位插值,把矿体划分小块体,赋予小块体地质可靠程度、储量类别等属性,运用地质统计方法中的距离幂次反比法,进行剖面解译和样品组合,通过Surpac计算出道坨锰矿的资源储量,得出道坨锰矿资源储量为14073.62万吨。     

基于3DMine三维可视化的矿山开拓系统布置研究初探

三维矿山软件在很多矿山、设计院、地勘单位得到越来越多的应用。本文运用国产三维矿业软件3DMine,对湖州南太湖产业集聚区长兴分区废弃矿地综合治理PPP项目进行矿山开拓系统布置,达到三维可视化效果。     

马关都龙曼家寨锡锌多金属矿床经济评价研究

在对马关都龙曼家寨锡锌多金属矿床地质特征进行分析、研究的基础上,应用地质统计学的理论和方法,运用大型矿业专用软件Surpac建立了该矿体的原始资料数据库和三维数学模型.根据不同边界品位多方案圈定矿体,分别计算矿体的盈亏平衡品位、平均品位和综合品位.通过对比以平衡品位和综合品位圈定的矿体块体模型,对该矿床进行技术经济评价研究,得出了有利于矿产资源综合利用、减少资源浪费的以综合品位圈定矿体的结论.     

基于Surpac的盆地三维地质建模方法浅析

随着我国地质事业进入了新阶段,出现了包含城市地质以及三维地质填图等新的领域,地质工作由传统的二维开始向三维转变,因此三维地质建模技术就显得尤为重要。文章以Surpac软件为基础,盆地三维地质建模为主干,通过建模流程、建模资料收集和整理、影响建模效果的因素分析等六个方面,详细介绍了三维地质建模的技术路线、技术方法和影响因素。三维地质建模过程实质是受各种地质资料约束而进行修正模型的过程,利用的地质资料越丰富构建的模型就越真实。三维地质建模技术在地质要素可视化和地质资料综合利用等方面具有显著的优势。     

基于DIMINE矿业工程软件对获各琦2号露天铁矿建模应用的探讨

本文以内蒙古双利矿业有限公司获各琦2号露天铁矿为研究对象,通过现场调研,系统的对矿山概况、开采现状进行统计分析。利用原始地形图、钻孔数据、测斜资料等为基础为矿山构建三维可视化模型,通过构建三维地表模型、钻孔数据库和矿体模型可以得出,三维地质数据库是真实钻孔轨迹的反应,可以立体清晰的反映出各矿体的位置关系,能够为之后的计算提供更有保障的数据依据,既节约了工作的时间,同时也可更大程度的减少人为计算的错误。构建的矿体模型可更直观地了解矿山整体信息,对矿山的开采、管理和后续发展都有指导作用。     

论“兰坪金顶铅锌矿北厂、架崖山矿段三维地质模型”在矿山技术工作中的应用

随着数字化矿山技术的发展,兰坪金顶铅锌矿矿山企业与昆明有色冶金设计研究院股份公司基于3Dmine矿业工程软件上建设了金顶北厂、架崖山矿段三维地质模型,利用该地质模型,矿山开展了编制年度采剥计划、地质储量计算及地质编录等日常矿山技术工作,得到了良好的应用效果。基于此背景,文章对该三维地质模型在矿山技术工作中的应用展开详细的探讨。     

内蒙古望火山钼矿矿床地质特征及找矿前景

望火山钼矿位于大兴安岭北段得尔布干铜钼铅锌银成矿带,区内铜钼矿主要与中生代浅成酸性侵入岩相关。本文重点阐述望火山钼矿的成矿地质特征、物化探异常特征和矿体特征,并对矿床成因与找矿远景进行了初步探讨。钼矿体主要产于花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩中,矿体具有"低缓正磁+中低电阻率、中高极化率+土壤化探钼高值异常"的综合物化探异常特征,钼矿化以细脉—细网脉状为主,围岩蚀变具有斑岩型矿床的分带特征。矿床成因为斑岩型,具有形成中—大型钼矿床的潜力。     

GIS和GOCAD支持下的矿山3D地质建模

在综合分析3D地质数据模型的基础上.提出将源数据模型分为GIS可描述和GIS不可描述数据模型的分类方法,在ArcGIS和G0(:AD平台下构建了基于GIS的多元、多方法集成的矿山3D地质模型.ArcGIS平台下描述GIS可描述数据模型,并进行数据管理和空间数据分析;GIS不可描述数据模型一方面在GOCAD下描述复杂的地质构造,另一方面采用面向对象的聚合派生法描述矿山工程模型中的空间实体,并利用Geodatabase建立两者的关联.实例应用表明,该方法保持了数据在空间和时间上的一致性,为矿山安全生产管理提供了有效和可靠的空间数据及可视化支持.     

河南省经济空间结构演变分析

以ArcView GIS3．2软件为分析工具,将县域经济发展数据与图形数据结合,分析河南省20世纪80年代以来经济空间结构演化的过程;建立线性回归分析模型,从经济要素投入、经济结构转换角度分析经济空间结构演化的动力机制。结果表明：1)20世纪80和90年代豫西北、豫中地区经济相继崛起,形成强大的经济中心,而其它地区相对落后,河南省经济空间结构形成了明显的中心—外围模式;2)1980年以来,工业化作为主导力量推动了经济的增长,工业化进程的空间差异及其空间变化是河南省经济空间结构变化的直接动力;3)河南省的经济空间结构、工业化程度空间差异与资源的空间分布存在一定的耦合关系,这与河南省资源导向型的工业化模式密切关联。     

Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia

Although reserve (or field) growth has proved to be an important contributing factor in adding new reserves in mature petroleum basins, it is a poorly understood phenomenon. Although several papers have been published on the U.S. fields, there are only a few publications on fields in other petroleum provinces. This paper explores the reserve growth in the 42 largest West Siberian oil fields that contain about 55% of the basin's total oil reserves.The West Siberian oil fields show 13-fold reserve growth 20 years after the discovery year and only about 2-fold growth after the first production year. This difference in growth is attributed to extensive exploration and field delineation activities between discovery and the first production year. Because of the uncertainty in the length of evaluation time and in reported reserves during this initial period, reserve growth based on the first production year is more reliable for model development. However, reserve growth models based both on discovery year and first production year show rapid growth in the first few years and slower growth in the following years. In contrast, the reserve growth patterns for the conterminous United States and offshore Gulf of Mexico show a steady reserve increase throughout the productive lives of the fields. The different reserve booking requirements and the lack of capital investment for improved reservoir management and production technologies in West Siberia are the probable causes for the difference in the growth patterns.The models based on the first production year predict that the reserve growth potential in the 42 largest oil fields of West Siberia for a five-year period (1998–2003) ranges from 270–330 million barrels or 0.34–0.42% per year. For a similar five-year period (1996–2001), models for the conterminous United States predict a growth of 0.54–0.75% per year.     

DEM地形分析在山区地质灾害研究中的应用——以云南省漾濞县为例

云南省漾濞县具有典型的山地特点,每年其境内发生的地质灾害都给人民生命和财产造成了极大的损失。在漾濞县的地质灾害调查中,通过"3S"技术的应用,建立了漾濞县的数字高程模型,进行了基于ArcGIS的地形分析,提取出了坡度和坡向等重要的地形因子。通过研究发现:坡度是漾濞县地质灾害频发的最主要控制因素,漾濞江及其支流上游的滑坡和崩塌为泥石流的发生提供了物源基础;同时阳坡是地质灾害发生的主要坡向,滑坡和崩塌等灾害发生频繁。最后,制作了漾濞县坡度、坡向分析图,指出了漾濞县较易发生地质灾害的地区,为其他山地地区地质灾害研究提供了一种借鉴模式。     

Phosphate rock demand into the next century: Impact on wolld food supply

A vital and indisputable link exists between phosphate rock and world food supply. Phosphate rock is the source of phosphorus used to make phosphatic fertilizers, essential for growing the food needed by humans in the world today and in the future. We modeled the depletion of the known reserves and reserve base (which includes reserves) of phosphate rock based on various scenarios for increasing population and future demand for phosphate. Using these scenarios, the presently known reserves will be depleted within about 50 years, and the remainder of the reserve base will be depleted within the next 100 years. For this model, we used rates of growth of demand for phosphate rock of between 1 and 1.7 percent annually. We also examined demand rates that decrease over time toward demand stasis. Growthrate scenarios that stabilize demand at the year 2100 are little different from unconstrained growth. Demand stabilization by 2025 extends the reserve base by only about 50 years. Additional considerations could affect these depletion scenarios, causing them to be substantially too high or too low. Nonetheless, the incluctable conclusion in a world of continuing phosphate demand is that society, to extend phosphate rock reserves and reserve base beyond the approximate 100 year depletion date, must find additional reserves and/ or reduce the rate of growth of phosphate demand in the future. Society must: 91) increase the efficiency of use of known resources of easily minable phosphate rock; (2) discover new, economically-minable resources; or (3) develop the technology to economically mine the vast but currently uneconomic resources of phosphate rock that exist in the world. Otherwise, the future availability of present-cost phosphate, and the cost or availability of world food will be compromised, perhaps substantially.     

香港米埔自然保护区的管理和保护经验

通过参加香港米埔自然保护区的湿地管理培训以及实地参观考察,学习了米埔保护区在湿地生物多样性保护、管理、公众意识及环境教育、生态监测和科研方面的成功经验,结合内地自然保护区发展的比较分析,归纳出一系列值得内地自然保护区管理者借鉴和参考的管理模式和方法,为促进我国自然保护区的可持续发展提供技术支持。     

基于GIS的城市公共绿地空间可达性研究——以武汉市汉口地区为例

从城市公共绿地空间结构和布局的角度入手,基于单要素引力模型和最小累计阻力,建立空间可达性与绿地规模质量和空间阻力间的关系模型,同时将空间阻力因素区分为步行阻力和人口密度。在考虑空间阻力的实际情况下,构建分布矩阵,优化提出城市公共绿地空间可达性的评价方法。并以武汉市汉口地区为例进行实证研究,利用GIS技术并通过网格划分,计算该区域内城市公共绿地的空间可达性分布;在此基础上结合汉口地区公共绿地分布的实际情况,给出其规划的建议性改进方案。     

United States Geological Survey's Reserve-Growth Models and Their Implementation

The USGS has developed several mathematical models to forecast reserve growth of fields both in the United States (U.S.) and the world. The models are based on historical reserve growth patterns of fields in the U.S. The patterns of past reserve growth are extrapolated to forecast future reserve growth. Changes of individual field sizes through time are extremely variable, therefore, the reserve growth models take on a statistical approach whereby volumetric changes for populations of fields are used in the models. Field age serves as a measure of the field-development effort that is applied to promote reserve growth. At the time of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000, a reserve growth model for discovered fields of the world was not available. Reserve growth forecasts, therefore, were made based on a model of historical reserve growth of fields of the U.S. To test the feasibility of such an application, reserve growth forecasts were made of 186 giant oil fields of the world (excluding the U.S. and Canada). In addition, forecasts were made for these giant oil fields subdivided into those located in and outside of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The model provided a reserve-growth forecast that closely matched the actual reserve growth that occurred from 1981 through 1996 for the 186 fields as a whole, as well as for both OPEC and non-OPEC subdivisions, despite the differences in reserves definition among the fields of the U.S. and the rest of the world.     

中日东海石油之争及对我国的启示

随着世界经济的发展,各国对石油的依赖程度越来越高,于是石油被成为经济的“晴雨表”。在石油领域的争夺也日趋激烈,各国纷纷建立自己的石油储备体系,以保障自己的石油安全。中日东海石油之争愈演愈烈,其不仅涉及到我国的石油安全、经济安全,还涉及到政治安全乃至国家安全。关注东海问题,既是维护我国经济和政治安全的需要,更是建立我国能源安全战略的重要组成。