黑洞发光环谱线轮廓的精确解

围绕黑洞作开普勒运动有环发光物所发射的的光，将受到多普勒频移和引力的综合作用，本用光子输运方程方法，针对洛仑兹型发射谱线，求出在Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚｓｃｈｉｌｄ度规下谱线轮廓的精确解，并讨论了Ｈｅｒｃｕｌｅｓ星系团中类星体１６０４＋１７９光谱的认证。     

类铍氧离子X射线及EUV光谱理论模拟

根据非局域热动平衡状态下谱线形成理论，利用相对论多组态原子程序软件包FAC模拟了类铍氧离子的X射线及EUV光谱．分析了间接过程对类铍氧离子X射线及EUV光谱形成的影响．在典型天体等离子体密度(ne=10加／立方厘米)情况下，采用了3种模型，在不同温度下模拟X射线及EUV光谱形成过程，分析比较了间接过程对谱线形成的贡献，并给出了它们的速率系数，得出了在谱线形成过程中，间接过程具有非常重要的作用．     

活动星系核中的铁线起源于Cerenkov线状发射的再论证--光薄情况下的模型计算

详细讨论了流行的“反射盘-光电吸收-荧光线”模型在解释活动星系核(AGN)的中、低价铁的Kα线起源时面对观测的困难，进一步指出新认识的谱线发射机制--Cerenkov线状辐射有可能是产生AGN铁Kα线的主要机制．并论证等离子体中氢对折射率的负影响可以忽略不计，计算了光薄情况下的Cerenkov铁Kα线发射，并与观测做了比较．进一步证实了新机制的合理性，并由此给出黑洞附近物理状态的新图景。     

基于K近邻方法的窄线与宽线活动星系核的自动光谱分类

对于美国芝加哥大学等6个组织的斯隆数字化巡天观测(SDSS)的一批低红移活动星系核(AGN)光谱数据,针对宽线AGNs和窄线AGNs发射线的不同特征,在静止系的光谱上截取有效波段范围,采用自动分类的K近邻方法,对其进行分类．宽线和窄线AGNs光谱的主要区别在于Hβ、[OⅢ]、Ha和[NⅡ]等发射线的幅度和半高全宽(FWHM)的大小,所以截取这些发射线所在的波段进行单独或组合的分类实验,实验证明,单独采用以Hα和[NⅡ]发射线为主的波段,分类效果最好,且对于训练样本数和测试样本数分别为1000和3313条的AGNs光谱的单次分类速度可达32．89秒．在充分利用光谱的典型特征的情况下,自动分类方法也可有效地应用于活动星系核的分类,为传统的通过计算发射线的FWHM值或发射线强比对大型光谱巡天所产生的庞大数据库进行分类提供了一种快速直接的分类方法．     

1991年10月24日白光耀斑的高时间分辨率多波段光谱分析

本分析了南京大学太阳塔１９９１年１０月２４日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率（５ｓ）的一个２Ｎ／Ｘ２．１级白光耀斑光谱，对耀斑谱线轮廓，连续发射强度，Ｘ射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比，分析表明，该耀斑属Ｉ类白光耀斑，具有如下特征：（１）在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间，各波段光谱线心强度，连续辐射，谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬Ｘ射线高能波段的爆分同时达到极大；（２）Ｈα谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达１０     

1991年10月24日白光耀斑的高时间分辨率多波段光谱分析

本文分析了南京大学太阳塔1991年10月24日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率（5s）的一个2N／X2．1级白光耀斑光谱．对耀斑谱线轮廓、连续发射强度、X射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比，分析表明，该耀斑属Ⅰ类白光耀斑，具有如下特征：（1）在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间，各波段光谱线心强度、连续辐射、谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬X射线高能波段的爆发同时达到极大；（2）H_a谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达10A，且呈现强烈的线心反转，H_β和H_γ线心亦有反转；（3）所拍摄的5条谱线都有明显的红不对称性，持续时间约为1分钟，根据上述结果，本文用电子束轰击、色球蒸发和色球压缩区对该耀斑能量积聚和释放的动力学机制作了定性的分析和解释。     

宇宙真的在膨胀吗

宇宙真的在膨胀吗许梅宇宙是否真的在膨胀是现代宇宙学一个悬而未决的问题。为使读者对不同的论点有较清晰的概念，本文引用了两张哈勃图（ＨｕｂｂｌｅＤｉａｇｒａｍ）和一些简单的计算公式。宇宙膨胀的证据遥远星系发出的光，其光谱中的谱线与地面上同种元素发射的话线...     

羟基的切仑科夫射电发射谱线

本文提出用切仑科夫射电谱线发射机制解释分子云的非热发射谱线。相对论电子在某种粒子数反转布居的分子云中穿行时,可以产生具有反常强度比的微波发射谱线。对与超新星遗迹成协的Ⅱ_(?)类OH源的非热平衡发射谱线所作的计算表明,这种非热辐射机制可能成为解决天体脉塞理论困难的一种有希望的途径。     

小质量X射线双星铁发射线观测特征的理论分析

小质量Ｘ射线双星在６－７ｋｅＶ的铁发射线具有一些明显观测特征，如谱线展宽、红移和轮廓非对称性。这些性质可能是由高价Ｆｅ离子发射线光子穿过致密天体周围较“冷”等离子体介质时的康普软化过程所造成，本文按此模型求解了康普软化扩散方程，所得理论谱线轮廓与观测线拟合得很好。拟合参量（等离子体的汤姆孙散射光深）取为τｅ～３，由此定出散射等离子体电子密度Ｎｅ≈１０＾１６ｃｍ＾－３，散射球半径Ｒ≈１０＾９ｃｍ．     

大芯径光纤出射环形斑谱线分析

光纤光谱的效率损失主要来源之一是光纤的焦比退化,并且往往还在光谱成像时因焦比退化产生环形出射斑,从而使得光纤传输效率降低,并影响色散之后的谱线轮廓。实验获取郭守敬望远镜调试阶段的大芯径光纤因焦比退化产生的出射环型斑貌,结合CCD光谱图像特点实施轮廓拟合抽谱方法,把二维CCD光谱图像转换成一维光谱,选取望远镜红端数据进行模拟,采样点在500~600 nm波段范围,在该波段中有铁的发射线。通过与获得的环形斑轮廓卷积研究焦比变化对铁发射线峰的影响。最后,正确阐明在正式巡天观测时主镜前悬挂平场漫反射屏消除环形斑引发的偏差的效果。     

Profiles of spectral lines of an accretion ring around a Kerr black hole

Profiles of spectral lines emitted from an accretion ring around an object with strong gravitational field should be affected by Doppler shift, gravitational redshift, and deflection of light. Taking these effects into account, precise line profile of a Keplerian ring around a Kerr black hole for a distant observer is obtained by solving the kinetic equation of photons.     

耀斑中正负电子湮灭线

本文简要回顾了耀斑中正负电子湮灭线的形成过程,着重研究了一个强γ射线耀斑０ ．５１１ ＭｅＶ 线随时间的演化。结果表明,为解释观测数据,加速质子谱必须随时间变化, 从而间接地提出了一种基于０ ．５１１ ＭｅＶ 线获取加速质子谱演化信息的新途径。     

Hα emission line profiles of solar flares with turbulent velocity fields

The H line profile in a flare atmospheric model superposed by a spatially correlated velocity field is studied in detail in this paper. The computations are carried out with the assumption that the velocity field is represented by a Kubo-Anderson process. It is found that the shape and the intensity of the H line profile depend greatly on the parameters of the velocity field. The variation of the profile and its relative deviation with respect to different correlation lengths is more complex than in the case of absorption lines. It is also shown that such a profile cannot be matched by those produced in the usually-used micro- and macro-turbulent approaches, especially for the velocity field with an intermediate correlation length. The results imply that the flare atmosphere should be highly turbulent in order to explain the observed H line profile with only weak central reversal in the flare spectra. Particularly, the effects of meso-turbulent fields should be taken into account in order to improve the spectral diagnostics and modelling of the flare atmosphere.     

日珥谱线不对称性的研究 Ⅰ.视向速度对谱线轮廓的影响

本文主要从理论上用解析方法讨论日珥视向速度随深度变化对谱线轮廓对称性的影响,得到的结论具有普遍性。第二节的分析表明,日珥的谱线轮廓可表示为二项叠加,其中第一项与源函数无关,只依赖于速度场模型,源函数分布仅通过第二项对谱线轮廓产生影响。然后在源函数不随深度变化的假定下,讨论各种速度场模型的谱线轮廓是否对称。得到的结论为:(1)常源函数与常速度场结合的谱线轮廓为对称轮廓;(2)常源函数与线性对称速度场结合的谱线也是对称轮廓;(3)常源函数与线性非对称速度场结合的谱线轮廓为不对称轮廓。最后,用数值计算对理论分析结果进行了检验。     

Measurements of solar magnetic fields by Fourier transform techniques

The Fourier techniques of Paper I have been exhaustively calibrated using Unno's results for the absorption profile of a simple Zeeman triplet. If a simple transformation is applied to the normalized line depths, then magnetic field strengths and inclination angles can be measured very accurately from noisy, saturated line profiles. Systematic errors caused by saturation effects can be estimated and reduced by varying one parameter. When a significant fraction of the line profile is unsplit and unpolarized, large errors may be made in measurements of low fields, unless the line is sufficiently weak. For a weak line, a vertical field of 1600 gauss can be measured to 10% accuracy even when 70% of the line profile is stray light. These stray light errors are troublesome in measuring fields of gaps and pores but not sunspots. Numerical results of our error analysis are presented graphically.     

Ni I 6768 Å line profile variations during a solar flare and their effect on the SOHO/MDI magnetic field measurements

Observational data on the Ni I 6768 Å line profile variations during the impulsive and post-impulsive phases of the July 18, 2002 while light flare (WLF) in the kernel of WLF emission and in other flare kernels are presented. The line profiles at the sites of intense photospheric motions in active regions are also studied. The effect of the observed Ni I 6768 Å line profile variations on the SOHO/MDI magnetic field measurements is estimated. The following conclusions have been reached. (1) The thermodynamic structure of the photo-spheric layers changes significantly during the flare. As a result, the Ni I line profile changes, particularly at the site of WLF emission. At this time, the line depth decreases significantly, but the line does not show any emission reversal. Subsequently, a relatively slow return to the conditions of an undisturbed photosphere is observed. (2) The technique of SOHO/MDI magnetic field measurements is insensitive to such line variations. Therefore, the detected variations during the flare did not result in any noticeable errors in the MDI longitudinal magnetic field measurements. (3) The line profile is broadened, shifted as a whole, and asymmetric at the sites of active regions where intense photospheric motions appear. In the MDI measurements, such changes in the profile lead to an underestimation of the magnetic field by approximately 10% if the line-of-sight velocity of the photo-spheric ejection is about 1.6 km s^?1.     

Doppler profiles of the 5577 Å airglow

We discuss the altitude and intensity of the nocturnal green line emission resulting from O₂⁺ recombination. The Doppler profile of this emission is markedly non-thermal, the width being characteristic of the energy at which the O(¹S) atoms are produced. A simple theory is formulated which predicts the profile of this line. Experimental evidence on airglow line profiles is reviewed and it is found that the effect predicted here has not yet been observed. However a deliberate search for this effect should yield immediate results.     

Merging a Line Profile Series Into an One-Dimensional Dataset, an Applied Technique for Nonradial Pulsation Mode Diagnosis

A new method of nonradial pulsation mode identification is developed. This method is based on Fourier analysis of time series line profile variations that have been merged into a one-dimensional equally spaced dataset. In principle, this method is identical to that of two-dimensional Fourier transform of line profile time series, but it is much more convenient to use for most of astronomers who have experience in period analysis of light curves. The features of both temporal frequency and Doppler spatial frequency can be accurately retrieved. This method provides an easy way to carry out mode identification from line profiles and minimizes the uncertainty of mode determination caused by random noise. Comments and assessment of related methods of mode identification are given. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sodium D2 line profiles: clues to the temperature structure of Mercury’s exosphere

The velocity distribution of atoms in an exosphere can be used to constrain source and loss processes. The velocity distribution itself can be constrained by observing the line profile of an atmospheric emission line. The only atomic species known to exist in the Hermean exosphere that has a strong enough resonance transition in the visible spectrum that its line profile can be observed from the ground with existing instruments is sodium. Line profiles of the sodium D2 emission (5889 A) were obtained at two facilities. On 29 and 30 May 1997, we obtained line profiles with the 107 inch telescope at The McDonald Observatory at coude focus. On 6 January 1998, we obtained line profiles at the Anglo–Australian telescope. The line profiles show that the sodium in Mercury’s atmosphere is at least 700 K hotter than the surface temperature throughout the atmosphere. This implies that the interaction of the Na atoms with the surface is governed by energetic processes.     

The evershed effect as a wave phenomenon

It is suggested that longitudinal compression waves are propagating parallel to the solar surface from the umbra towards the photosphere. It is shown that the line-absorption coefficient is asymmetrical, when integrated over a wavelength of the compression wave. The effect of the waves on the line profile is discussed, and it is shown that asymmetrical line profiles of the type observed in sunspot penumbrae will be produced.With the Evershed effect interpreted as an acoustical wave phenomenon the propagation (of the waves) may also be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force, whereas material motion is likely to be restricted to the direction along the lines of force.