Study on anti-noise scheme for detecting PPM information in shallow water channels

INTRODUCTIONThemultipatheffect,signalfluctuation (Huangetal.,1 998a,b) ,andnoiselevelinshallowwaterchannelshinderdetectionofpulsepositionmodulation (PPM)information .Thispaperdis cussesmarinenoisehindrancetoprecisedetectionofPPMinformation ,andpresentssomefeasiblecountermeasurestosuppressnoiseinterferenceeffectively .Itiswellknowneffectivedetectionofinformationbyareceivingsystemiscruciallydependentonthesignal to noiseratio(SNR) .Asrelativelyhighnoiselevelexistsinshallowwateracousticch…     

Research on weak signal extraction and noise removal for GPR data based on principal component analysis

The ground penetrating radar( GPR) detection data is a wide band signal,always disturbed by some noise,such as ambient random noise and multiple reflection waves. The noise affects the target identification of underground medium seriously. A method based on principal component analysis( PCA) was proposed to extract the target signal and remove the uncorrelated noise. According to the correlation of signal,the authors get the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors by decomposing the covariance matrix of GPR data and make linear transformation for the GPR data to get the principal components( PCs). The lower-order PCs stand for the strong correlated target signals of the raw data,and the higher-order ones present the uncorrelated noise.Thus the authors can extract the target signal and filter uncorrelated noise effectively by the PCA. This method was demonstrated on real ultra-wideband through-wall radar data and simulated GPR data. Both of the results show that the PCA method can effectively extract the GPR target signal and remove the uncorrelated noise.     

EDGE DETECTION METHOD OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGES BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY OF MULTI-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

This paper puts forward an effective, specific algorithm for edge detection. Based on multi-structure elements of gray mathematics morphology, in the light of difference between noise and edge shape of RS images, the paper establishes multi-structure elements to detect edge by utilizing the grey form transformation principle. Compared with some classical edge detection operators, such as Sobel Edge Detection Operator, LOG Edge Detection Operator, and Canny Edge Detection Operator, the experiment indicates that this new algorithm possesses very good edge detection ability, which can detect edges more effectively, but its noise-resisting ability is relatively low. Because of the bigger noise of remote sensing image, the authors probe into putting forward other edge detection method based on combination of wavelet directivity checkout technology and small-scale Mathematical Morphology finally. So, position at the edge can be accurately located, the noise can be inhibited to a certain extent and the effect of edge detection is obvious.     

基于奇异谱分析的GNSS坐标时间序列粗差探测与噪声估计

考虑到传统谐波模型难以精确描述GNSS坐标时间序列的非线性变化,导致信号和噪声不能很好地分离,进一步影响粗差探测和噪声估计,本文提出一种基于奇异谱分析的粗差探测与噪声估计算法。首先采用奇异谱分析方法分离出GNSS坐标时间序列中的信号与噪声,然后基于IQR准则探测噪声中的粗差,最后采用最小二乘方差分量估计（LS_VCE）方法定量估计各噪声分量。算例表明,相比于传统基于谐波模型的算法,该算法的粗差探测准确率更高,且估计的噪声分量与真值更接近。     

Detection of PPM acoustic Pulse in shallow sea channels

mODUCTIONInacoustictelemeteringofocean~ers(suchasCTD-salinity,teInpethe,anddePth),theirmagnitudesvapslowlyinthelindtedobservaionhme,sothetelemetwsystemsoPerateatlowsPeedandlDwinfonnaioncontents,andPulsePOsitionmallation(PPM)iscornmonlyusedtocaptheinfOnnaion.PPMInakesatimeintervalTbetweenthereferencePulseP.andtheinfOnnationpulsePivnydirecilywiththeSaInlingvalueV,asshowninFig.l.SincetheParamtermagnitUdevariesslowly,thePPMinfonna-tiondriSaInlingrePeatedlyinashorttimeisatalnofPuls…     

GPS高程时间序列降噪分析的改进EMD方法

针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)降噪过程中不能直接确定分界本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)的K值,以及当高频噪声IMF分量个数少于低频IMF分量个数时,利用低频信号重构实现降噪的计算量较大等问题,提出一种新的EMD降噪方法。采用平均周期与能量密度乘积指标的方法来自动确定分界IMF的K值,将高频噪声IMF分量进行重构,然后用原始信号减去重构噪声,从而达到降噪的目的。利用模拟数据和BJFS站的实测GPS高程时间序列数据进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能够直接确定分界IMF的K值,降低计算量,在GPS高程时间序列降噪中较传统EMD方法更可靠。     

基于引力模型的海洋锋信息提取

海洋锋面是海洋水团特性明显不同的两种或几种水体之间的狭窄过渡带。本文旨在对遥感反演海洋温度场数据(SST),引入引力模型进行海洋锋面的检测。鉴于海洋锋受噪声干扰大,锋面强度小的特点,本文提出了基于引力算法的引力模型。其中,引力算法是将温度数据中的每一个像元点都作为一个独立的天体,其质量对应该像元的温度值,根据引力定律计算3×3区域中,邻域像元对中心点像元的引力和。模型首先对原始数据进行去0处理,为消除对原始数据明暗程度的依赖,对3×3区域数据进行归一化,然后利用函数对归一化后的数据进行增强处理,最后,以引力算法进行锋面检测。验证表明,该模型能有效强化不同区域或水体差异性,并能够有效针对海洋锋信息进行提取,受噪声影响小。     

���ڱ���˫Ƶ���ݵ�����̽�⼰�޸��㷨

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Χ?????????????λ?仯??????????????λ??????С????????????????????????Blewitt?????????????????????????????????????????
???òв???С?????????????COMPASS??MEO?????????????????飬??????????????Ч????????????????????????     

Seislet transform denoising based on total variation minimization

Attenuation of noise is a persistent problem in seismic exploration. The authors use conventional denoising method to remove noise which may cause vibration near the discontinuity called pseudo-Gibbs artifact.In order to remove the artifact,the study proposed a method combining the seislet transform and total variation minimization. Firstly,the data are converted into the seislet transform domain. Secondly,the hard threshold was used for eliminating the noise and keep useful signal,which is the initial input for the next step. Finally,total variation minimization dealed with denoised data to recover boundary information and further eliminated the noise. Synthetic data examples show that the method has feasibility in eliminating random noise and protecting detailed signal,and also shows better results than the classic f-x deconvolution. The field data example also shows effective in practice. It can remove the noise and preserve the discontinuity signal at the same time.     

嘈杂环境下语音信号端点检测方法研究

提出了一种嘈杂环境下语音信号端点检测方法。采用基于短时能量和短时过零率的双门限端点检测算法,不但可以减少语音数据的存储量及处理时间,而且能排除无语音段的干扰噪声,从而确保定位的精准性,避免包含噪声信号和丢失语音信号。可以将语音信号同背景噪声分离出来,有效地避免静音段或噪声段的干扰,提高定位估计的性能。仿真实验取得了良好的效果,表明该方法具备一定的可行性。     

基于随机森林的光子计数激光雷达点云滤波

新一代星载激光雷达卫星ICESat-2首次采用了微脉冲光子计数激光雷达技术,由于单光子探测的灵敏性导致数据在大气和地表下层产生了大量噪声,因此对光子计数激光雷达点云数据实现信号和噪声的分离是开展进一步应用研究的前提和基础。本文选择美国俄勒冈州和弗吉尼亚州2个研究区,采用MATLAS数据,根据光子点云数据的特点构造了12个光子点云特征,对所构造的特征利用随机森林进行变量筛选,用机器学习方法对光子点云进行分类,并将建立好的模型推广到整个研究区。研究结果表明,本文构建的分类器分类总精度达到了96.79%,Kappa系数为0.94,平均生产者精度和用户精度分别为97.1%和96.8%。在相对弱噪声、平坦地形区域和强噪声、复杂地形区域都取得较好的分类结果。本文结果显示了基于少量样本通过机器学习的方法构建模型,可以推广到较大范围区域的光子点云分类应用中。     

基于卷积神经网络的ICESat-2光子点云去噪分类

ICESat-2（Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2）是美国NASA（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）在2018年发射的激光测高卫星,其上搭载的激光测高系统ATLAS（Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System）采用微脉冲多波束光子计数激光雷达系统,因其低能耗、高探测灵敏度、高重复频率的特性极大改善了沿轨采样密度,但也使获取的数据中包含大量的噪声,如何有效实现光子点云去噪分类成为后续应用的关键,也是当前研究的热点和难点,为此本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络的光子点云去噪和分类算法。首先将光子点云按照沿轨和高程方向划分格网,去除明显的噪声光子,并将每个粗信号光子点栅格化为影像;然后基于少量样本构建的卷积神经网络分类模型实现光子点云精去噪和分类;最后利用机载激光雷达数据进行验证,并与ATL08产品的去噪分类结果进行对比。结果表明,对于裸地和森林区域,卷积神经网络算法均能有效去除噪声光子,特别对于森林区域,可同时实现去噪和分类;其中,裸地区域地表计算的R²和RMSE分别为1.0和0.72 m,森林区域地表和树冠计算的R²分别为1.0和0.70, RMSE分别为1.11 m和4.99 m。本文利用深度学习算法实现光子点云去噪分类,在裸地和森林区域均取得了较好的结果,为后续光子点云数据处理提供了参考。     

Characteristics of sound pulse transmission in shallow sea and correlation detection

Statistical characteristics of sound pulses and some typical marine noises in a shallow sea were analysed. With special requirements for underwater telemetric and telecontrolled devices in mind, a specific signal processing scheme (digital correlation accumulation) is put forward. Theoretical analyses on some underwater acoustic instruments showed this signal processing scheme is applicable to a shallow acoustic channel with variable spatiotemporal characteristics, multipath pulses and high noise level, and may be of general significance for underwater acoustic telemetry and telecontrol.     

陆态网络太原台gPhone重力仪背景噪声水平研究

基于陆态网络太原台gPhone重力仪1a的观测记录,在地震频段(200~600s)、亚地震频段(1~6h)和潮汐频段(周期大于6h)研究其背景噪声水平,并与全球超导重力仪SG的背景噪声进行比较。结果发现,潮汐和大气改正可以一定程度上改进重力数据的功率谱密度PSD,尤其是在亚地震频段和潮汐频段。经计算,太原gPhone重力仪在地震频段、亚地震频段和潮汐频段的背景噪声水平分别为3.641、4.659和5.359。gPhone重力仪的噪声水平在地震频段和亚地震频段均高于SG的噪声水平,但是在频率低于0.8×10-4 Hz时,gPhone重力仪的噪声水平低于新低噪声模型NLNM。此外,分析gPhone重力仪记录的2014年智利Mw8.1地震激发的自由振荡信号表明,虽然gPhone重力仪的噪声水平高于超导重力仪,但其依然能够清晰检测到地球自由振荡信号,验证了gPhone重力仪不仅适合研究长周期潮汐和亚地震模,也可以清晰获取地震频段的地球自由振荡信号。     

APPlication of suPPressing random noise in seismic data based on Trivashrink and DTCWT

In Process of seismic exPloration,the noise of seismic signals Produces serious interference. Conven-tional methods of wavelet threshold denoising cannot fully use the characteristics of seismic signal...     

一种去除地震背景噪音的新方法

结合希尔伯特-黄变换方法,根据信号背景噪音时间延续性假设,提出了一种自适应地震信号去噪算法。利用该算法实现了台站地震监测信号的去噪分析。分析表明：1）该去噪算法能根据背景信号特性有效去除信号的低频干扰;2）该算法可自适应完成信号分解去噪,计算效率高,无时间分辨率和频率分辨率问题;3）该算法处理高频干扰存在缺陷,有待进一步完善。     

Edge detection of potential field data based on image processing methods

The conventional methods of edge detection can roughly delineate edge position of geological bodies, but there are still some problems such as low detection accuracy and being susceptible to noise interference.In this paper, three image processing methods, Canny, LoG and Sobel operators are briefly introduced, and ap-plied to edge detection to determine the edge of geological bodies.Furthermore, model data is built to analyze the edge detection ability of this image processing methods, and compare with conventional methods.Combined with gravity anomaly of Sichuan basin and magnetic anomaly of Zhurihe area, the detection effect of image pro-cessing methods is further verified in real data.The results show that image processing methods can be applied to effectively identify the edge of geological bodies.Moreover, when both positive and negative anomalies exist and noise is abundant, fake edge can be avoided and edge division is clearer, and satisfactory results of edge detection are obtained.     

Influence of fracture width on borehole radar response

Fracture is a common underground structure phenomenon, which can provide space and passage for the storage and migration of oil and gas. Borehole radar is a fast and high-resolution geophysical detection method, which has been widely used in engineering, exploration and other fields. This paper mainly uses theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to study the variation law of the characteristics of the received borehole radar signal with the variation of fracture width. The Ricker wavelet is used as the pulse signal of the borehole radar. The results show that the amplitude of the signal received by the borehole radar first increases, then decreases, and finally tends to be a stable value with the increase of fracture width. The results have guiding significance for the detection of underground fractures and the estimation of fracture width by borehole radar.     

��·���ƽֱ�ȼ������ǵ����

????????μ???·???????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????з???????????????????????????????????????????????1?????????????μ?????仯????????????????????????????????????1?????仯?????????????????????????????????     

π/4-DQPSK调制系统的差分解调信息容量近似分析与计算

从Shannon信息理论的角度对π/4-DQPSK的差分检测（非相干检测）系统的信息容量限进行了讨论,并且采用熵估计的数值方法计算出了系统的可达信息速率,给出了分别以Es/N0和Eb/N0为横坐标的容量曲线图,从而从信道容量的角度解释了π/4-DQPSK差分检测的门限效应,并给出门限值.容量曲线表明,在信噪比低于该门限值时,即使降低系统谱效率,也不会使系统性能提高.