青藏高原东部大至暴雨卫星云图演变特征

对１９８０￣１９９９年造成青藏高原东部１７次大到暴雨天气过程的卫星云图演变特征及１９９９年９月９￣１０日出现的大到暴雨过程形成的物理量场进行了分析,总结出形成暴雨云带的影响系统模型和物理量场变化规律,对预报高原暴雨天气有一定的参考价值。     

青藏高原东部大到暴雨卫星云图演变特征

对 1 98 0～ 1 999年造成青藏高原东部 1 7次大到暴雨天气过程的卫星云图演变特征及 1 999年 9月 9～ 1 0日出现的大到暴雨过程形成的物理量场进行了分析 ,总结出形成暴雨云带的影响系统模型和物理量场变化规律 ,对预报高原暴雨天气有一定的参考价值。     

2003-08-28致洪暴雨过程的数值模拟分析

利用较高分辨率的非静力中尺度数值模式MM 5和NECP资料,对2003-08-28西北东部致洪暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟,重点研究α、β中尺度系统的发生发展和演变过程,对影响暴雨的物理量诊断分析。结果表明:α中尺度低涡越山后迅速生成发展,在有利背景条件下生成多个β中尺度系统,不同尺度系统共同作用形成本次区域性暴雨。强降水主要出现在低涡系统的发展阶段。暴雨区南侧600 hPa附近存在干冷层,上部大气层结稳定,抑制垂直扩散,有利于水汽和能量沿着低空向雨区集中输送。暴雨区上空水汽和能量以垂直输送为主,同时伴有大量潜能释放。位涡、散度、垂直速度等物理量的空间分布,有利于强对流天气发生。     

“8.19”西北东部大到暴雨诊断分析和数值模拟

利用MICAPS系统T213资料、NCEP再分析资料及实况观测资料，对2004年8月19日发生在西北地区东部的暴雨天气过程的大尺度环流背景和物理量场进行分析发现：这次暴雨天气过程中西太平洋副热带高压有一次明显的西伸，是一次较典型的副高西北侧西南气流型暴雨。降水水汽主要来自南海和孟加拉湾，中低层的水汽输送十分充沛，并在甘肃河东和宁夏形成辐合。运用三重嵌套的中尺度数值预报模式MM5，对这次暴雨过程进行了两种方案的高分辨率数值模拟，结果表明，运用四维资料同化后的方案在形势和降水预报方面优于未进行资料同化的方案。     

2003年渭河流域一次致洪暴雨过程的数值预报产品释用

2003-10-09-13渭河流域出现连阴雨，其中10日关中东部出现大到暴雨。利用高空资料和T213数值预报产品进行天气学和物理量场特征分析。表明这次强降水过程的热力、水汽以及动力条件在连阴雨一开始时就已经具备，同时配合有一个中尺度天气系统的生消过程。T213各种产品对大降水的预报能力增强，特别是物理量预报对大降水落区预报有较好的指示意义。     

7．30青藏高原东部大-暴雨天气分析

本文利用探测资料和数值预报产品从天气形势、物理量场配置和卫星云图的演变特征等方面对2003年7月29日夜间到30日白天青海境内的大到暴雨降水天气过程和预报进行了分析。结果表明：南部暖湿气流向北输送与西风带低槽分裂东移的冷空气在青海东北部交绥是造成这次大到暴雨的主要原因，西宁单站高空特性层层数持续增多、大多数等压面层湿度显著增加是这次大到暴雨天气产生的前兆。     

2009年8月18日青海东北部区域性大到暴雨成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料和卫星资料,对2009年8月17-18日青海东北部区域性大到暴雨天气的环流背景、涡度场、水汽条件诊断、中尺度系统特征进行了分析,结果表明:这次暴雨天气的形成除了有利的大尺度环流背景外暴雨区上空还提供了水汽的低层辐合、高层辐散、上升运动等环境条件;卫星云图上中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发展与大到暴雨相关密切,其中TMG(相当黑体亮温)大值区的分布对大到暴雨落区预报有一定指示意义。     

"8.8"四川盆地西北部大暴雨的数值模拟

利用MM5中尺度模式,对2003年8月8～10日发生在四川盆地的一次强降水过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明(1)MM5模式准确地预报出盆地西北部大暴雨过程,在降水的中心强度和位置预报上非常接近实况.(2)盆地不稳定能量聚集是本次暴雨产生的内在条件,冷暖空气交汇是本次暴雨发生的触发因子,源源不断的水汽输送和冷平流输送,以及中尺度涡旋区辐合上升运动与正涡度耦合有利于低值系统的发生、发展和维持,从而导致该地区强降水.(3)MM5中尺度模式在高原东侧陡坡地形区域具有业务应用前景.     

台风低压暴雨的中尺度特征分析

通过对淇、卫河流域“82·8”、“96·8”两场台风低压暴雨的物理量资料合成分析,揭示了该流域致洪暴雨天气的形势场、水汽场、动力场的中尺度特征。     

"8·19"甘肃区域暴雨的特征分析及数值模拟

分析了“8.19”甘肃区域暴雨发生的天气气候背景,不同层次的环流特征;重点分析了不同物理量场的变化,云系的演变;应用MM5中尺度非静力模式模拟了暴雨过程,并对模拟结果进行了分析。结果表明:“8.19”甘肃区域暴雨除了有利的天气系统配置外,低层强烈的风场辐合是导致暴雨的重要原因。强雨带的移动滞后于云顶温度最低的强对流云带;MM5对降水过程的强度、落区有较好的预报能力,尤其是12~48 h的预报效果相对最好,对强降水天气预报有较好的指示意义。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.