盈江MS6.1地震序列近场横波分裂研究

使用横波分裂系统分析方法(SAM), 对2014年5月30日盈江M_S6.1地震震区内多个近场流动台站记录到的大量波形数据进行横波分裂研究． 研究结果表明, 盈江M_S6.1地震序列的快S波偏振方向为近NS向, 与区域主压应力方向一致． 主震发生后, 由于震源区应力状态的调整, 卡场台(KAC)快S波偏振方向发生逆时针偏转, 勐弄台(MNO)快S波偏振方向离散度减小, 并且由于受到研究区内断裂的影响, MNO台偏振方向较KAC台偏振方向更加离散． KAC台和MNO台的慢S波时间延迟均表现出主震发生前短时间内突然减小, 震后逐渐增大的变化特征, 这意味着临震前震源区地壳应力的释放和震后地壳应力的增强, 预示了后续余震的持续发生． 地震序列时间延迟平均滑动曲线起伏振荡, 表明了余震的发生伴随着震源区地壳应力的不断调整．      

辽宁1999年Ms5.9岫岩地震的剪切波分裂特征

利用辽宁遥测数字地震台网营口台的地震波形资料,采用高原等剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩Ms5.9(ML5.3)地震前后的地震序列进行了剪切波分裂分析.通过对营口台的资料分析表明,快剪切波优势偏振方向为ENE-WSW向,与该地区主压应力方向一致,也与华北区域构造应力场方向一致;平均慢剪切波时间延迟在岫岩地震前显示增加,可能反映了震前的应力积累过程.营口台的快剪切波优势偏振方向还与小地震活动空间分布走向一致,与活动断层走向相关.快剪切波偏振的月平均变化直方图也显示,地震前两个月快剪切波偏振方向似乎也有变化,但这个现象还需要更多资料的证实.     

2003年12月1日新疆昭苏6.1级地震序列特征分析

通过分析昭苏6．1级地震序列特征、震源与介质破裂特性、震源环境与历史地震活动类比及区域地震和前兆资料的异常变化等，对该震前的区域地震活动背景、震后的震情趋势等有了较为细致的了解和判定。主要结果有：①在2003年新疆境内中强地震成组活动的背景下，于现代地震活动很弱的昭苏盆地内发生了6．1级地震；②6．1级地震为主一余型地震序列，震后序列衰减正常；③主震震源机制解结果与现代区域构造应力场特征吻合，表明构造活动具有明显的继承性，并对地震活动有着控制作用；④震源区域构造应力释放充分，区域应力场处于相对稳定的调整状态。综合各类分析结果后认为，震区发生更大地震的可能性很小。     

THE SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING OF GAIZHOU EARTHQUAKE SWARM IN LIAONING

An M_L4.7 earthquake occurred on February 2,2012 in Liaoning Gaizhou (40.56°N,122.36°E),since then,small earthquakes are frequent in this area,and until now the seismic activity does not stop,several earthquakes with magnitude larger than 4.0 have occurred.As of October 30,2014,1223 earthquakes have happened in the Gaizhou area,including 934 earthquakes with the magnitude M_L1.0~1.9,247 with the magnitude M_L2.0~2.9 and 45 with the magnitude M_L3.0~3.9.Meanwhile,earthquakes are continuously active in Haicheng area where the M_S7.3 earthquake happened in 1975,and there are over 1100 earthquakes (M_L ≥ 1.0) having occurred since the Gaizhou earthquake swarm activity.Because the polarization direction of the fast shear wave is very sensitive to the variation of the principal stress environment,the shear wave splitting parameter can reflect the regional stress state and the local structural features,especially effective for the analysis of small-scale stress environment characteristics.So based on the seismic activities of the two earthquake clusters,this study analyzes the characteristics of shear-wave splitting in Gaizhou-Haicheng area.Preliminary results show that predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves in the old earthquake region of Haicheng is stable,consistent with the direction of regional stress field.Due to presence of active fault below the Gaixian station (GAX),the predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves is more complicated.There are two predominant polarizations,consistent respectively with Jinzhou Fault strike which is below the station and the maximum principal stress direction in this area.In addition,Gaizhou earthquake swarm activity increased after December 22,2013,and after the time node,the predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves in Gaixian station is SEE,which is close to the predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves in Yingkou station,at the same time consistent with the maximum principal stress direction of this region.Thus it can be inferred,the enhanced activity of Gaizhou earthquake swarm since December 22,2014 may be related to local enhancement of regional stress.In addition,the average time-delays of slow waves in station YKO and GAX show that there are no obvious changes before and after the time point of December 22,2013,which is different greatly with the previous related researches on the variation of slow wave time-delays,and there is no possibility that the Gaizhou earthquake swarm evolved into foreshock sequences from current preliminary results.We should do more work to study the details of the time delay variation of shear wave splitting parameter.     

四川紫坪铺水库库区地震剪切波分裂研究

本研究利用四川紫坪铺水库数字地震台网2004年8月17日~2008年5月11日的地震观测波形资料,使用剪切波分裂SAM系统分析方法,获得了四川紫坪铺水库库区8个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果.结果表明,紫坪铺库区台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为NE或NW方向;台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域主压应力方向或活动断裂走向一致;快剪切波偏振方向变化可能与汶川大地震前区域应力场的增加和龙门山断裂带微破裂增加有关,慢剪切波时间延迟的变化与四川紫坪铺水库水位升降变化相关.     

玉树地区地壳介质的各向异性特征

本文利用2010年5月7日到10月18日玉树地震震源区及其周边22个地震台站记录的2010年4月14日玉树地震余震数据资料,使用剪切波分裂分析方法初步得到了每一个台站的剪切波快波偏振方向和慢波时间延迟,并分析了玉树及周边地区地壳介质各向异性特征.在该研究区域,甘孜-玉树断裂上部分台站快波偏振方向近于东西向,这一结果与该区域的水平主压应力方向一致.甘孜-玉树断裂带南段玉树周边的台站快剪切波偏振方向为南东向,与断裂带的走向一致,显示了此次地震断裂走滑性质的特征.位于杂多断裂和清水河断裂上的台站及其附近的台站,快波偏振方向与所处的断裂走向基本一致,多为南东东向.各个台站的慢波延迟时间结果分布在4.23~7.01 ms/km范围内,平均慢波延迟时间是5.68 ms/km.在甘孜-玉树断裂带和乌兰乌拉湖-玉树南断裂相交的位置慢波延时总体较高;而低值区位于打贝通-小苏莽断裂的北西端与杂多断裂之间的位置.沿玉树断裂带,慢波延迟时间的梯度值较大,本文这一结果揭示了慢波延迟时间的分布和破裂带的走向、余震的分布有很大关系.     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震序列S波分裂特征

本文测定了2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震震源区及其附近台站的S波分裂参数,包括快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间,最终得到了40个台站的S波分裂结果．结果显示:在地震主破裂区内观测到的快波优势取向为NE向,与余震分布的长轴方向一致;位于双石—大川断裂以西台站的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与区域最大主压应力轴方向一致;位于荥经断裂附近台站的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与该断裂走向一致．快波偏振优势方向随时间的变化结果显示:主震前位于地震破裂区附近的TQU和BAX台站的快波偏振优势方向均呈NE向;主震后TQU台站的快波偏振优势方向为近EW向,而BAX台站的快波偏振优势方向则不突出,反映出芦山地震主震前快波偏振方向受控于龙门山断裂带,而主震后受构造应力场的作用更加明显．此外,各台站的慢波延迟时间为1.25—5.40ms/km,在余震覆盖密集区域,台站的慢波延迟时间均大于3.0ms/km,反映出震源区的各向异性程度较强．芦山主震后,各台站的延迟时间随时间变化持续减小,反映出震源区地壳应力随余震活动逐渐减小．      

RELOCATION OF MAIN SHOCK AND AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 2014 YINGJIANG MS5.6 AND MS6.1 EARTHQUAKES IN YUNNAN

Yingjiang area is located in the China-Burma border,the Sudian-Xima arc tectonic belt,which lies in the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates.The Yingjiang earthquake occurring on May 30th,2014 is the only event above M_S6.0 in this region since seismicity can be recorded.In this study,we relocated the Yingjiang M_S5.6 and M_S6.1 earthquake sequences by using the double-difference method.The results show that two main shocks are located in the east of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault,the northern segment of the Sudian-Xima Fault.Compared with the Yingjiang M_S5.6 earthquake,the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake is nearer to the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault.The aftershocks of the two earthquakes are distributed along the strike direction of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault (NNE).The rupture zone of the main shock of Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake extends northward approximately 5km.The aftershocks of two earthquakes are mainly located in the eastern side of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault with a significant asymmetry along the fault,which differ from the characteristics of the aftershock distribution of the strike-slip earthquake.It may indicate that the Yingjiang earthquakes are conjugate rupture earthquakes.The non-double-couple components are relatively high in the moment tensor.We speculate that the Yingjiang earthquakes are related to the fractured zone caused by the long-term seismic activity and heat effect in the deep between Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault and its neighboring secondary faults.Aftershock distribution of the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake on the southern area crosses a secondary fault on the right of the Kachang-Dazhuzhai Fault,suggesting that the coseismic rupture of the secondary fault may be triggered by the dynamic stress of the main shock.     

2003年巴楚-伽师6.8级地震序列及强余震的S波分裂特征研究

利用2003年2月24日新疆巴楚-伽师6．8级地震后架设在震中区的三个数字地震台记录资料，分析了余震的S波分裂特征，发现震中区余震的快波偏振方向总体表现为近南北向，与主震的主压应力方向较为一致。3月16日5．1和3月31日5．3级强余震前慢波延迟时间总体表现出逐步减小的特征。     

汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性

利用2008年5月12日汶川地震震源区及周边地震台站记录的余震序列资料,使用剪切波分裂系统分析法,分析了汶川地震发震构造龙门山断裂带及周边地区的地壳各向异性特征,推断了地壳最大主压应力方向及空间分布特征.研究结果表明：大致以安县为界,位于龙门山北东段的台站快剪切波的偏振方向为北东向,与断裂带走向一致;而位于龙门山西南段的台站快剪切波的偏振方向为北西向,与断裂带走向垂直;这个特征同样揭示出龙门山断裂带西南段逆冲、北东段带有明显走滑性质的特征.研究还显示,靠近龙门山与鲜水河、安宁河小江断裂交汇区附近的台站快剪切波的偏振方向表现比较离散,这可能是由震源区局部的复杂地质构造引起,与该地区复杂的主压应力方向特点一致.     

岫岩地震序列视应力变化及其预测意义

选取辽宁省地震局沈阳数字化地震台网中的岫岩、 营口、 本溪、 北镇、 新民5个台的波形记录, 计算了1999年11月29日岫岩M_S5.4地震序列视应力值。 5个台资料的计算结果具有很好的一致性, 即岫岩序列的视应力变化特征具有显著的共性特征: 震前低视应力阶段、 震时高视应力阶段和震后逐渐降低的调整至稳定阶段, M_S5.4主震和5.1级最大强余震前视应力升高, 表明视应力可作为中强震及震后地震趋势预测的判定依据。     

2003年民乐-山丹6.1和5.8级地震序列类型及地震学参数异常特征

分析了2003年10月25日甘肃省民乐-山丹6．1,5．8级地震的序列类型及地震学异常特征,其最大余震震级为Ms4．3,序列b值为0．69,h值为1．5;两次主要地震震级差为0．3级,释放的能量占整个序列能量的71．7％,序列判定为双震型。震前共出现了9项地震学参数异常,最为突出的是中等地震集中持续活动,为发震地点和震级提供了较好的短期判据。本次地震发生在甘肃省地震局圈定的2003年度祁连山中东段6级地震重点危险区边缘,震前作出了较好的短期预测。     

龙门山断裂带域上地壳各向异性及其变化

龙门山断裂带上发生了2008年汶川8.0级和2013年芦山7.0级地震,为了研究芦山地震前后该区域地壳各向异性的空间分布和变化,以及较大地震对快剪切波偏振方向造成的影响,本文运用剪切波分裂系统分析方法,结合固定地震台网（2010-01—2017-10）和川西流动地震台阵（2006-10—2009-07）的小震波形数据,得到了龙门山断裂带及邻近地区上地壳各向异性参数.结果表明,慢剪切波时间延迟主要分布在0.65~7.39 ms·km^-1之间,横向上具有不均匀性,地壳20 km以上的介质对各向异性的贡献较大.快剪切波优势偏振方向主要为NW或NWW和NE向,具有明显的分区特性.位于龙门山断裂带附近台站的快剪切波偏振方向自北向南由NWW转变为NW、NE向,在南段又变为NWW、NE向,指示了龙门山断裂带的分段特性是其构造属性.根据得到的有效事件数据,本文使用的49个台站中有19个台站的各向异性参数与反方位角、深度、震级和路径长度等显示出一定的相关性.研究区内的芦山地震及其他较大地震可能影响了局部快剪切波偏振方向.研究表明,更多的有效事件数据将有益于定量分析局部构造应力场和断裂属性的变化情况,从而有益于断裂带地震学特性及地震预测研究.     

Shear-wave splitting of Sichuan Regional Seismic Network

Using seismic data recorded by the Chengdu Digital Seismic Network from May 1, 2000 to December 31, 2006, we obtain the dominant polarization directions of fast shear-waves at eight digital seismic stations adopting the SAM technique. The results show that the dominant directions of polarizations of fast shear-waves at most of sta-tions are mainly in nearly NE-SW or NW-SE direction in Sichuan. The dominant polarization directions of the fast shear-waves at stations located at the active faults or intersection of several active faults are consistent with the strikes of active faults which control the earthquakes used in the analysis, and are basically consistent with the directions of regional compression axis. However, several stations show that the fast shear-waves are not consis-tent with the strikes of active faults and the directions of regional compression axis, due to the influence of local complicated crustal structure.     

2005年2月15日新疆乌什县6.3级地震后震情和灾情快速判定

2005年2月15日乌什6.3级地震发生后,根据历史地震类型、空间分布图像和发震构造的对比分析在4个小时内做出快速判定:6.3级地震较大可能为主余型地震,短期内震区有可能发生5级左右强余震,并根据历史地震震害、地震空间位置与震害关系以及地震断错主动盘与震害关系的对比分析,快速估计6.3级地震区的人员伤亡和经济损失较轻。评估意见及时向新疆维吾尔自治区领导作了汇报,为自治区和震区的领导和群众顺利开展抗震救灾工作发挥了良好作用。经过1个多月的实际检验,证明上述意见是正确的。最后对快速判定中应该注意的事项和存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Spatial Correlation Anomalies of the Diurnal Variation of the Geomagnetic Vertical Component before the Yingjiang MS6.1 and Ludian MS6.5 Earthquakes

Significant anomalies were observed at the geomagnetic stations in the southwest region of China before the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake in 2014. We processed the geomagnetic vertical component diurnal variation data by the spatial correlation method. The results show that during the period from April 1 to May 20, 2014,there existed quasi-synchronous decrease changes in the coefficient curves between the five geomagnetic stations of Guiyang,Hechi,Nanshan,Muli,Yongning and Xinyi and Hongshan stations.Furthermore,there was a high gradient zone in the normalized correlation coefficient contour map with background values removed. The epicenters of the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake are located in the gradient zone or near the gradient zone.     

乌什6.3级地震前、后S波分裂特征初步研究

利用SAM方法对2005年2月15日新疆乌什6.3级地震前、后S波分裂特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,乌什6.3级地震前1年半左右,慢S波时间延迟出现表征区域应力增加并持续上升的变化,而快S波偏振方向出现表征应力场转向的异常变化。     

Shear-wave splitting beforeand after the 1999 Xiuyan earthquake in Liaoning, China

Using seismic waveform data recorded at station YK (Yingkou) of Liaoning Telemetry Digital Seismic Network, this paper studied the characteristics of shear-wave splitting before and after the Xiuyan MS5.9 (ML5.3) earthquake in November 29, 1999 with SAM method. The results show that the predominant polarizations of fast shear-waves at YK is in direction of ENE-WSW, consistent with the direction of regional principal compressive stress and also consistent with the direction of the regional tectonic stress field in North China; time-delays increasing before Xiuyan earthquake may shows accumulation of stress before earthquake. The predominant polarizations of fast shear-waves at YK are also related to the spatial distribution of small earthquakes and correlate with the fault strike. The histogram of monthly average polarizations of fast shear-waves shows that polarizations of fast shear-waves also seems to change from two months before the earthquake, but it still needs more data for verification.     

2013年左贡-芒康MS6.1地震序列震源机制变化过程研究

2013年8月12日西藏自治区昌都地区左贡县、芒康县交界发生6.1级地震,地震序列为前-主-余型,在主震发生前9h内发生了7次ML≥2.0中小地震,最大震级为ML 4.7。本文采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法,基于区域测震台网记录的数字地震波形资料研究左贡-芒康6.1级地震序列震源机制变化过程。结果显示,主震前的中小地震相关系数较高,均值为0.86,表明其震源机制相似程度较高,是具有震兆意义的小震序列;余震的相关系数较低,表明震源机制相似程度较低。     

华夏地块东南部地壳地震各向异性特征初步研究

本研究采用SAM剪切波分裂分析方法,使用福建区域数字地震台网记录到的（1999年01月～2003年12月）的波形资料,挑选符合剪切波窗口条件的记录,得到华夏地块东南部地区23°N～29°N,116°E～120°E）10个台站的剪切波分裂参数. 研究结果表明,该区域快剪切波平均偏振方向为NW109.4°±42.6°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.5±1.5(ms/km),快剪切波平均偏振方向对应该区的水平主压应力方向. 闽东台站NW方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NW向的水平主压应力和NW走向断裂的构造意义. 两个闽西台站NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力方向不一致,与NE走向的断裂一致,体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性. 本研究证实,位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势方向与断裂走向一致,位于海边或岛上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向较为离散,主要是受到不规则表面地形和断裂交汇的影响. 慢剪切波延迟时间的空间分布特征,显示沿海地区慢剪切波延迟时间变化较大,而内陆地区则较为平缓.