和静县平原区地下水质量评价与影响因素分析

采用单因子评价法对和静县平原区地下水进行质量评价,采用内罗梅污染指数法对该区地下水污染现状进行评价,采用Piper三线图分析了地下水化学类型,结果表明：研究区地下水质量整体较好,潜水以Ⅱ类水为主,浅层承压水以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水为主,深层承压水以Ⅲ类水为主。潜水、浅层承压水、深层承压水的质量超标率分别为25%、19.05%和33.33%.从地下水受污程度来看,浅层承压水>潜水>深层承压水。该区潜水主要为HCO₃^-·SO₄^2--Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺型,浅层承压水为HCO₃^-·SO₄^2--Mg²⁺·Ca²⁺·Na⁺型,深层承压水为HCO₃^-·SO₄^2-·Cl^--Ca²⁺·Na<...     

从施工水文地质勘查孔看乌鲁木齐北部平原水质及变化

通过水文地质钻探,抽水试验、样品分析等手段,结合前人资料,查明了乌鲁木齐北部平原内水文地质岩性结构、地下水分布状态,不同富水地段含水层特征参数等,并对地下水水质进行了评价。结果显示:评价区内赋存丰富的第四系松散岩类孔隙水,由单一结构潜水向双层或多层结构潜水、承压水演变。评价区潜水和浅层承压水质量等级为Ⅳ类或Ⅴ类,超标项目主要为硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、总硬度,较深层承压水质量等级为Ⅱ类。评价区浅层的潜水或承压水水质较差,较深层的承压水可作为理想的饮用水源。     

清徐县西边山洪积扇地区地下水水化学特征及水质评价

为探明太原市清徐县西边山洪积扇地区地下水水化学特征及成因,采用统计分析法和模糊数学方法对清徐县西边山洪积扇地区12个地下水水样点的水化学指标进行了分析和综合评价。结果表明:研究区地下水取样点的水化学评价指标中,总硬度和NO3-含量浓度较高,其平均值属于Ⅴ类水极限值,SO42-含量和TDS含量浓度较低,其平均值属于Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类水质;采用模糊数学方法对地下水水质进行综合评价时表明研究区58. 4%的地下水属于Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类水质,可以直接使用,41. 6%的地下水属于Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水质,需进一步处理后才能使用;对研究区地下水水质成因研究时表明研究区地下水类型主要为HCO3·SO4-Na·Mg·Ca类型,属于碳酸盐富集区,研究区内碳酸盐矿物溶解作用是控制地下水主要离子组分的主要因素。     

包头市地下水质量评价

地下水质量评价为保护和开发地下水资源,防止和控制地下水污染,保障人民身体健康提供科学依据。结合相关地下水调查资料采用单指标评价、内梅罗指数和模糊综合评价三种方法,对包头市地下水水质分别进行评价,通过对评价结果综合分析认为:模糊综合评价结果更符合区域地下水总体特征,包头市潜水Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类占到取样点总数的36%,质量整体较差;承压水Ⅰ—Ⅲ类遍及包头市全区,质量整体较好。     

苏北阜宁县地下水水化学特征及成因分析

为了查明苏北阜宁县潜水和承压水的水化学成因和补给特征,文章采集区域内地表水、潜水、承压水(第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水)的水样,结合数理统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和水化学特征系数等手段,分析了不同水体的氢氧同位素关系和矿化度分布、主要阴阳离子关系、水化学特征。结果表明：(1)阜宁县地下水总体为弱碱性,潜水和承压水中阳离子质量浓度都呈现Na⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺,潜水中阴离子质量浓度呈现HCO₃^->Cl^->SO₄^2->NO₃^-,第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ、第Ⅳ承压水中阴离子质量浓度皆呈现出HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^->NO₃^-;潜水的总溶解固体...     

模糊数学在扶余油田地下水水质评价中的应用

运用模糊数学法,参考国家地下水环境质量标准,对扶余油田地下水水质现状进行了评价。结果表明该区地下水水质普遍较差,潜水全部属于Ⅴ类水,已经不适宜饮用,其中石油类、挥发酚、高锰酸盐指数等超标严重超标;大部分承压水水质也属Ⅴ类水,只有极少部分属Ⅲ类水。根据地下水水质的污染状况,并结合本区实际情况即以油田开采的工业污染为主,提...     

开封南郊垃圾场地下水质量的熵权属性识别评价

针对地下水质量评价中综合评价法的不足,应用信息熵计算评价指标的权重,并充分利用有序分隔概念,建立了基于熵权的属性识别模型。选择TDS、COD、总Fe、总Mn、Cl-、SO42-、NO2-、F-作为评价指标,运用基于熵权的属性识别法对开封南郊垃圾场浅层地下水进行地下水质量评价。评价结果表明,基于熵权的属性识别法所得的评价结果水质明显优于综合评价法所得的结果;研究区内各样本的评价指标中,SO42-和NO2-的权重最大,Cl-、COD、总Fe和F-的权重次之,TDS和总Mn的权重最小;Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水在研究区内的分布面积所占比例分别为1.7%、2.5%、26.7%、12.2%和56.9%;浅层地下水质的空间分布在研究区域内具有一定的规律,以靠近垃圾场的L01井和G54井为中心水质最差,为Ⅴ类水,以此为中心向外扩展,水质逐渐好转,依次分布Ⅳ类水和Ⅲ类水。Ⅲ类水的分布向研究区的东部和北部偏移,而在研究区的南部多分布Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水,水质优良。     

改进的尼梅罗污染指数法在黄龙工业园水质评价中的应用

结合GB/T 14848-93<地下水质量标准>,有针对性地选择总硬度、高锰酸盐指数等共12项污染因子,用改进的尼梅罗污染指数法对黄龙工业园供水水源地的地下水水质现状进行了综合评价,结果表明,研究区内承压水水质较好,属Ⅲ类水,潜水水质差,部分采样点水质达到Ⅴ类水标准,鉴于目前水源地地下水水质状况,应加强对地下水的管理和治理.     

宝鸡县幅地下水水化学特征与水质评价

在宝鸡县幅1?5万水文地质调查基础上,系统采集区内地下水水样,结合研究区水文地质条件,研究了区内地下水水化学特征,并对地下水质量做出评价。通过对水质结果进行统计分析,研究区潜水水化学类型可分为HCO₃-Ca、HCO₃-Ca·Mg、HCO₃-Ca·Mg·Na、HCO₃-Ca·Na和HCO₃-Na·Mg型水;研究区承压水水化学类型可分为HCO₃-Ca、HCO₃-Ca·Mg、HCO₃-Ca·Mg·Na、HCO₃-Ca·Na和HCO₃-Na·Ca·Mg型水。依据《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-2017)对研究区地下水进行分类评价,区内地下水以Ⅲ类水为主,少部分为Ⅱ类水和Ⅳ类水。     

螺髻山北麓地下水化学特征与水质评价

为研究川西大凉山区螺髻山北麓地下水化学特征、演化机制以及评价地下水质现状，笔者系统采集研究区不同地段的15组地下水样品为研究对象。利用Gibbs图解法、离子比例系数法和基于RMSprop算法的BP神经网络评价法，探讨该地区地下水化学特征演化机制，评价地下水质现状，支持服务帮助当地合理开发和安全利用水资源。结果表明研究区水化学类型以Mg²⁺·Ca²⁺-HCO₃^–为主，其水化学离子的形成主要以岩土风化溶滤作用为主，由硅酸盐矿物与碳酸盐矿物共同控制，硅酸盐矿物控制更显著。结合地质背景，认为硅酸盐矿物主要来自火山碎屑岩类、花岗岩类、砂岩类和泥质岩类等岩石。利用BP神经网络对5 000组地下水样本学习训练，对研究区样本进行评价，模型训练图像表明BP神经网络能很好拟合地下水样本训练集并且对测试集进行客观准确的判断。研究区地下水评价结果显示：Ⅰ类水质点占13.3%，Ⅱ类水质点占40%，Ⅲ类水质点占46.6%，整体水质较好，建议Ⅲ类水质地区普格县特尔果乡甲甲沟村、普格县特补乡白庙子需要加强地下水污染源调查以及水质保...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861