Detrital provenance of the Grenvillian Oaxacan Complex,southern Mexico: a zircon perspective

The Oaxacan Complex is the largest exposure of Grenvillian-age rocks in Mexico, constituting the backbone of the Oaxaquia microcontinent. Whereas the main rock-forming events were previously established at 1,150–1,200 Ma (charnockite–syenite–gabbros), 1,020 Ma (AMCG suite), 990 Ma (granulite-facies metamorphism), and ca. 970 Ma post-tectonic pegmatites, no data are yet available to establish provenance links with other Grenville-age terranes. In this work, we studied detrital zircons belonging to 12 samples, all metamorphosed under granulite facies but variably affected by retrogression. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb geochronology was employed on selected zircons to determine their crystallization age and geochemistry. The results of the analysis of about 100 crystals per sample show that the studied zircons range between ca. 940 and 1,400 Ma, with only three samples having zircons between 1,400 and 1,600 Ma, and only one showing older zircons up to ca. 1,775 Ma. Whereas some of the slightly discordant (1–5 %) zircons in several samples show ages younger than the granulite metamorphism (probably as a result of Pb loss), and thus a disturbed geochemical pattern (abnormal enrichment in LREE, decreasing HREE), a few metamorphic zircons show flat and depleted HREE patterns, contrasting with the igneous pattern of older zircons (positive Ce anomaly, negative Eu anomaly, enriched HREE pattern). The main distributions observed using the kernel density estimator diagrams fall in the range 975–995 Ma (six samples), 1,100 Ma (four samples) and 1,120–1,170 Ma (six samples). Only the southernmost sample shows a marked peak at ca. 1,400 Ma. The application of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) statistical test to the studied samples and particularly the comparison of obtained P values yield interesting similarities. Overall, two sample groups show internal similarities, i.e., they may belong to the same source area, whereas only one sample is dissimilar, failing to pass the K–S test. Comparison of these data with the timing of comparable events in the Sveconorwegian orogens, the Sunsas and Rondonia-San Ignacio belts of Amazonia, and some of the Precambrian massifs cropping out in the Andes help to constrain possible Mesoproterozoic conjugate margins of Oaxaquia.     

Detrital carbonate grains as provenance indicators in the Upper Cretaceous Pietraforte Formation (northern Apennines)

The Upper Cretaceous Pietraforte Formation, an allochthonous unit of the Ligurian domain in the northern Apennines, provides a case study of the importance of detrital carbonate grains for provenance determination in sandstones. The Pietraforte Formation is composed of turbidite sandstones with subordinate conglomerate, deposited in an external sector of the Ligurian ocean, close to the Adriatic margin. The sandstones have a lithic composition, characterized by abundant sedimentary and metasedimentary rock fragments (35–56% of the terrigenous framework), little feldspar (<7%) that is almost exclusively plagioclase, and a high ratio of fine- to coarse-grained polycrystalline quartzose grains to total quartzose grains (average Q_p/Q_t=0.37). Carbonate rock fragments dominate the lithic association of both sandstones and conglomerates and provide the most detailed information for provenance determination. They are composed primarily of dolostones and a wide variety of limestones containing identifiable age-diagnostic microfossils. Fossils and rock textures of carbonate clasts document the erosion of Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous shelf and pelagic carbonate units which can be matched with Mesozoic rock types present in the Tuscan domain of the northern Apennines. Compositional results constrain the source of the Pietraforte Formation sandstones to the western margin of the Adriatic plate, from uplifted sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of the Tuscan domain and its low-grade metamorphic basement. Coeval intrabasinal sources provided additional supplies to the depositional basin of the Pietraforte Formation; this intrabasinal supply consists of shelf carbonate allochems, planktonic foraminifera and argillaceous rip-up clasts. The presence of carbonate grains from shallow-water environments may indicate the existence during deposition of marginal shelf areas favourable for carbonate allochem production.     

Recrystallization of dolomite: evidence from the Monterey Formation (Miocene), California

Dolomites from the upper calcareous-siliceous member of the Miocene Monterey Formation exposed west of Santa Barbara, California, were analysed for geochemical, isotopic and crystallographic variation. The data clearly document the progressive recrystallization of dolomite during burial diagenesis in marine pore fluids. Recrystallization is recognized by the following compositional and crystallographic variations. Dolomites have decreasing δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C compositions, decreasing Sr contents and increasing Mg contents with increasing burial depths and temperatures from east to west in the study area. δ¹⁸O values vary from 5·3‰ in the east to − 5·5‰ PDB in the west and are interpreted to reflect the greater extent and higher temperature of dolomite recrystallization in the west. δ¹³C values correlate with δ¹⁸O and decrease from 13·6‰ in the east to − 8·7‰ PDB in the west. Sr concentrations correlate positively with δ¹⁸O values and decrease from a mean of 750 ppm in the east to a mean of 250 ppm in the west. Mol% MgCO₃ values inversely correlate with δ¹⁸O values and increase from a minimum of 41·0 in the east to a maximum of 51·4 in the west. Rietveld refinements of powder X-ray diffraction data indicate that the more recrystallized dolomites have more contracted unit cells and increased cation ordering. The fraction of the Ca sites in the dolomites that are occupied by Ca atoms increases slightly with the approach to stoichiometry. The fraction of the Mg sites occupied by Mg atoms strongly correlates with mol% MgCO₃. Even in early diagenetic, non-stoichiometric dolomites, there is little substitution of Mg in Ca sites. During recrystallization, the amount of Mg substituting for Ca in Ca sites decreases even further. Most of the disorder in the least recrystallized, non-stoichiometric dolomites is related to substitution of excess Ca on Mg sites.     

The Upper Miocene Injana (Upper Fars) Formation of Iraq: insights on provenance history

Petrographic, geochemical, and scanning electron microscope analyses of the sandstone and mudstone units of the Upper Miocene Injana Formation are presented. Furthermore, microprobe analysis for amphiboles, pyroxenes, garnet, and chromian spinels as common heavy mineral species present is done to support other results for better understanding of the provenance history of the Injana Formation. The sandstones of the Injana Formation consist of terrigenous carbonate lithic fragments as common type of sedimentary rock fragments in addition to chert, argillaceous, and rare sandstone fragments. They also include metamorphic and igneous lithic fragments, quartz, feldspars, and mica and generally, the sandstones are lithic arenites and immature. Scanning electron microscopic analysis for the heavy minerals shows that they have been affected by dissolution due to chemical etching and mechanical abrasion through several surface texture generated either in arid and semihumid environment or in diagenetic environment. Clay mineralogy of the mudstone units indicates the presence of illite, chlorite, kaolinite, palygorskite, and illite–smectite mixed layers. Bulk-rock and mineral phase geochemistry in addition to petrographic data suggest the derivation of the Injana Formation from a nearby sources with contribution from igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary provenance mainly from the high lands in the northeastern parts of Iraq which comprise mainly the Zagros mountains and the older sedimentary formations.     

Macroseismic study of the Potenza (southern Italy), earthquake of 5 May 1990

The aim of this paper is to define the macroseismic field of the 5 May 1990 Potenza earthquake, analysing about 3000 questionnaire forms together with the results of the direct inquiries carried out in the field. The study evidences the seismic vulnerability of the Potenza district and of the whole of southern Italy in general, due to the low resistance characteristics of the old constructions and a lack of seismic prevention. Besides, geomorphological failure increases hazardous situations at the earthquake's occurrence. This earthquake provided a good test for checking and improving the ING macroseismic data collection procedures.     

川西坳陷中段中侏罗统沙溪庙组碎屑组分特征对物源的约束

为了深入探讨川西坳陷中段中侏罗统沙溪庙组的物源及其源区属性,应用碎屑岩碎屑组分特征及其Dickinson三角投点特征对研究区物源及其源区属性进行了深入讨论。结果表明,研究区东北部的中江、新都等地具有低石英、高长石特征,属于切割岛弧、基底隆起、过渡大陆的构造背景,而研究区西部的鸭子河、孝泉等地区具有高石英、低长石特征,且具有相对高的变质岩岩屑,属于再旋回造山带的构造背景。结合沙溪庙组沉积时期周缘造山带的演化特征,认为研究区东北部的中江、新都等地区物源主要来自北部的米仓山-大巴山,而西部的鸭子河、孝泉等地区物源主要来自西部的龙门山。     

张广才岭南部杨木岗组的厘定及物源分析

本文通过岩石组合特征和区域对比，将张广才岭南部西蛤拉河子—大锅盔一带分布的浅变质地层重新厘定为杨木岗组。为了确定杨木岗组的形成时代和沉积物源，进行了碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学和微体古生物地层学研究。锆石大多数呈自形—半自形晶，显示典型振荡岩浆生长环带，暗示其岩浆成因。该地层中测得的两组碎屑锆石U- Pb产生多组谐和年龄，其中PM010- TW样品56个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为307 Ma，DB02- TW样品51个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为275 Ma；覆盖在杨木岗组之上的中生代二浪河组安山岩的定年结果为181. 1±0. 9 Ma，表明杨木岗组形成于早二叠世晚期。杨木岗组中获取疑源类化石组合出现了新元古代晚期—早寒武世和奥陶纪地层常见分子，结合碎屑锆石年龄结果，反映杨木岗组沉积时周围存在早古生代和中—新元古代地质体。碎屑沉积岩Al2O3/TiO2平均值为24. 44，稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有轻稀土富集、重稀土稳定和负Eu异常特征，结合碎屑锆石的年龄频数可以看出，确定杨木岗组的沉积物主要来源于沉积盆地周围的晚古生代早期中酸性火成岩，次要物源由沉积盆地周边的早古生代地质体和近地表的中—新元古代地质体提供。佳木斯地块为松嫩- 张广才岭地块上晚古生代地层的形成提供了部分物源，暗示佳木斯地块与松嫩- 张广才岭地块于早二叠世之前已完成拼合。     

Sedimentology,provenance and geochronology of the Miocene Qiuwu Formation: Implication for the uplift history of Southern Tibet

Located on the south of the Gangdese,the Qiuwu Formation has traditionally been considered as Eocene coal-bearing clastic sediments consisting of sandstone,mudstone and conglomerate,unconformably on top of Gangdese batholith.However,its precise age and depositional environment remain ambiguous.Here,we present a newly measured stratigraphic section near the Ngamring County,western Xigaze.Detrital zircon U-Pb ages were also applied to trace the provenance of sediments and to constrain the maximum depositional age of the Qiuwu Formation.Sedimentary facies analyses indicate subaqueous fan and alluvial fan depositional environments.Clast composition of the conglomerate is dominated by magmatic rocks at the lower part,while chert and mafic detritus occur in the upper part,suggesting a southern source.Sandstone modal analyses indicate that the compositions of quartz,feldspar and lithic grains changed from transitional arc to dissected arc,implying the unroofing of the Gangdese arc.Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Qiuwu Formation are compared with those from Gangdese magmatic rocks and Yarlung-Zangbo ophiolites,suggesting that the Gangdese arc is a main source of the Qiuwu detritus and that the southern source played a role during the later stage.The major peak of detrital zircon ages is at 45-55 Ma,which corresponds to Linzizong volcanic rocks in southern Gangdese arc.The weighted mean age of the five youngest zircons from the lower part of the section is 21.0 ± 2.2 Ma,suggesting that the Qiuwu Formation was deposited in early Miocene,coeval with other conglomerates exposed along the southern margin of Gangdese.Combining new observations with previously published data,we propose that the provenance of the Qiuwu Formation had shifted from a single northern source to double sources from both the north and the south.Activities of Great Counter Thrust were primarily responsible for the shift by making the south area a high elevation to provide sediments for the Qiuwu Formation.     

Abundances and modes of occurrence of trace elements in the Çan coals (Miocene), Çanakkale-Turkey

This study presents the concentrations and modes of occurrence of trace elements in 81 coal samples from the Çan basin of northwestern Turkey. The concentration of trace elements in coal were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Additionally, traditional coal parameters were studied by proximate, ultimate, X-ray diffraction, and petrographic analyses. Twenty trace elements, including As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, F, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se Sn, Th, Tl, U, V, and Zn, receive much attention due to their related environmental and human health concerns. The Çan coals investigated in this study are lignite to sub-bituminous coal, with a broad range of ash yields and sulphur contents. The trace element concentrations show variety within the coal seams in the basin, and the affinities vary among locations. The concentrations of B, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, F, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, and Zn in Çan coals are within the Swaine's worldwide concentration range, with the exception of As, Th, U, and V. On the other hand, compared with world coals, the Çan basin coals have higher contents of As, B, Cu, Co, Mo, Pb, Th, U, V, and Zn. Based on statistical analyses, most of the trace elements, except for U, show an affinity to ash yield. Elements including As, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn, show a possible association with pyrite; however, the elements Se, B, and Mo can be have both organic and inorganic associations.     

漠河盆地西部二十二站组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其物源意义

大兴安岭北部漠河盆地内广泛发育二十二站组,其形成时代及物质来源一直以来备受争议.本文在野外地质调查及岩相学的基础上,利用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测年,并结合岩石地球化学等方法,探讨了二十二站组形成时代、物源区大地构造环境及沉积物来源.测年结果显示132个测点年龄主要分布在4个群落,分别为508.3～492.3 Ma;486.9～435.5 Ma;278.3～254.2 Ma;209.5～178.1 Ma.本次获得二十二站组最小碎屑锆石年龄为178.1 Ma,并结合漠河盆地东西部碎屑锆石的年龄,综合认为二十二站组形成时代应为中晚侏罗世.地球化学分析结果显示,二十二站组砂岩的稀土元素与活动大陆边缘的稀土元素曲线吻合较好,且相对亏损高场强元素(Nb和Ta)和大离子亲石元素(Ba和Sr),相对富集高场强元素(La、Th、Zr、Hf),地球化学特征与活动大陆边缘相似.综合古流向、源区母岩分析、碎屑锆石测年分析、微量元素特征等诸多因素,本次研究认为本区二十二站组砂岩的母岩主要来源于盆地南缘广泛分布的前中生代沉积-变质基底(兴华渡口岩群、佳疙瘩组、额尔古纳河组等)及各期中酸性火成岩.     

Depositional environment, sand provenance, and diagenesis of the Basal Salina Formation (lower Eocene), northwestern Peru

The Basal Salina Formation is a lower Eocene transgressive sequence consisting of interbedded shales, siltstones, and conglomeratic sandstones. This formation occurs in the Talara basin of northwestern Peru and is one of a series of complexly faulted hydrocarbon-producing formations within this extensional forearc basin. These sediments were probably deposited in a fan-delta complex that developed along the ancestral Amotape Mountains during the early Eocene. Most of the sediment was derived from the low-grade metamorphic and plutonic rocks that comprise the Amotape Mountains, and their sedimentary cover. Detrital modes of these sandstones reflect the complex tectonic history of the area, rather than the overall forearc setting. Unlike most forearc sediments, these are highly quartzose, with only minor percentages of volcanic detritus. This sand is variably indurated and cemented by chlorite, quartz, calcite, and kaolinite. Clay-mineral matrix assemblages show gradational changes with depth, from primarily detrital kaolinite to diagenetic chlorite and mixed-layered illite/smectite. Basal Salina sandstones exhibit a paragenetic sequence that may be tied to early meteoric influx or late-stage influx of thermally driven brines associated with hydrocarbon migration. Much of the porosity is secondary, resulting from a first-stage dissolution of silicic constituents (volcanic lithic fragments, feldspar, and fibrous quartz) and a later dissolution of surrounding carbonate cement. Types of pores include skeletal grains, grain molds, elongate pores, and fracture porosity. Measured porosity values range up to 24% and coarser samples tend to be more porous. Permeability is enhanced by fractures and deterred by clay-mineral cements and alteration residues.     

Nodular silcretes of the Cypress Hills Formation (upper Eocene to middle Miocene) of southern Saskatchewan, Canada

Siliceous nodules in the upper Eocene to middle Miocene Cypress Hills Formation in southern Saskatchewan formed on the distal portions of an extensive braidplain. The nodules are similar to silcretes described elsewhere in the literature but their morphology and occurrence suggests that they are of a rare variety. The silcretes are discrete equant to disc-shaped nodules, 1–3 cm thick, and up to 15 cm long. The silicretes form horizontal, discontinous layers parallel to bedding within an unweathered profile. Void spaces and fractures within the nodules are lined or filled with drusy quartz. The silcretes contain less than 0.07% TiO₂. The TiO₂/SiO²/Al²O³ and TiO²/SiO²/Fe²O³ ratios are similar to values obtained from nodules formed in an arid to semi-arid environment based on comparison with modern silcretes. This interpretation is confirmed by independent sedimentological and palaeontological climatic evidence for an arid to semi-arid climate throughout Oligocene time in the western Canadian plains.     

吉林省蛟河市东北部红山组碎屑岩中碎屑锆石年龄信息及物源分析

吉林省蛟河市东北部红山组浅变质碎屑岩沉积时限上限在250 Ma左右,其中粉砂质板岩碎屑锆石年龄范围在867 ～ 184Ma,泥质粉砂岩碎屑锆石年龄范围在810 ～181Ma,两者碎屑锆石年龄大致可分为7个年龄段.结合近年来区域研究成果,充分说明蛟河市东北部红山组浅变质碎屑岩物质来源于佳木斯地块等不同时期不同构造活动单元...     

Record of climatic change in neritic carbonates: turnover in biogenic associations and depositional modes (Late Miocene,southern Spain)

In order to evaluate the geological record of climatic change in neritic carbonates, we studied Late Miocene rock outcrops in southern Spain. Six episodes of reef growth are documented (Burdigalian to Messinian) in Neogene basins of the Betic Cordillera, which were located close to the margin of the global reef belt. The reefs are characterized by various zooxanthellate corals which decrease in diversity with time, andHalimeda; the youngest reefs of the latest Messinian are characterized by the dominance of the genusPorites. Late Miocene coral reefs and reef-rimmed platforms alternate over time with non-reefal carbonate ramps characterized by skeletal calcirudites or with gypsum such as that formed during the Messinian salinity crisis. The calcirudites lack reef corals, calcified green algae and extensive marine cement, but exhibit skeletal components described from both modern and fossil nontropical carbonates. These include bryozoans, mollusks, foraminifers, echinoderms and minor balanids, as well as coralline algae of a bryomol association. The presence of some larger foraminifers indicates high temperatures, close to the lower temperature threshold of the reef assemblage. Sea level lowstands and highstands are documented by wedges of bryomol carbonate and chlorozoan patch reefs or prograding platforms. Thus, temperate climate depositional modes correspond to relatively low sea levels, and warm-water modes to high sea levels. The Neogene infill of the Agua Amarga and Sorbas basins documents two of these cycles. Other climate/sea-level cycles (including Messinian gypsum in the cool water depositional mode) are well established in adjacent Neogene basins in southern Spain. This type of composite sequence seems to occur only along the margin of the global reef belt and indicates an oscillatory latitudinal movement of the margin, which is associated with global climatic change. The analysis of turnover in neritic depositional carbonate systems may therefore be considered a sensitive tool for reconstructing climatic change from the fossil record. However, warm-water modes and temperate-water modes of carbonate sedimentation and diagenesis differ significantly. For this reason the interpretation of composite system sequences by sequence stratigraphy requires an extended concept. The particular type of mixed bryomolchlorozoan depositional sequence also bears some potential for drowning, because sea level rise may be faster than the net production rate of temperate carbonate systems.     

Detrital zircon provenance evidence for large-scale extrusion along the Altyn Tagh fault

The question of whether or not the Altyn Tagh fault is a large-scale extrusion boundary is critical for understanding the role of lateral extrusion in accommodating the Indo-Asian convergence and in building the Tibetan Plateau. Oligocene conglomerate clasts in the eastern Xorkol basin are low-grade slate, phyllite, sandstone, dacite and carbonate, and associated paleocurrent indicators evince sediment derivation from the opposing side of the Altyn Tagh fault. Matching these clasts with similar basement rocks in the North Qilian and Tuolainanshan terranes requires post-Oligocene left-lateral offset of 380 ± 60 km on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, suggesting large-scale extrusion along the fault in the Cenozoic (Yue, Y.J., Ritts, B.D., Graham, S.A., 2001b. Initiation and long-term slip history of the Altyn Tagh fault. International Geological Review 43, 1087–1094.). In order to further define this piercing point, the detrital zircon pattern of Oligocene sandstone from the Xorkol basin and the zircon ages of basement on the southern side of the fault were established by ion microprobe dating. Characterized by strong peaks between 850 and 950 Ma and the absence of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages, the detrital zircon age pattern of the Oligocene sandstone matches the age distribution of zircon-bearing rocks of the Tuolainanshan terrane. This match requires 360 ± 40 km of post-Oligocene left-lateral displacement on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, supporting as well as refining the previously reported lithology-based cross-fault match. At least one of the following three extrusion scenarios must have existed to accommodate this large offset: (1) northeastward extrusion along the Altyn Tagh–Alxa–East Mongolia fault, (2) eastward extrusion along the Altyn Tagh–North Qilian–Haiyuan fault, and (3) northeastward extrusion of northern Tibet as a Himalaya-scale thrust sheet along the North Qilian–Haiyuan fault. We prefer the first scenario inasmuch as rapidly growing evidence for Cenozoic strike-slip activity on the Alxa–East Mongolia fault and mid-Miocene exhumation of northern Tibet supports it.     

藏南定结地区早中新世淡色花岗岩的形成机制及其构造动力学意义

定结日玛那穹窿位于高喜马拉雅带中段,由花岗片麻岩、变泥质岩、变基性岩及大量淡色花岗岩等组成,经历了角闪岩-麻粒岩相变质作用。为厘定淡色花岗岩的形成机制以及与高级变质岩的关系,我们对淡色花岗岩和高级变质岩进行了全岩元素和Sr和Nd同位素组成和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb地质年代学测试。全岩元素和Sr-Nd同位素测试结果揭示淡色花岗岩具有以下特征:(1)高SiO₂ (>72%),高Al₂O₃ (>12%)和高A/CNK比值 (>1.0);(2)高Rb,低Sr,高Rb/Sr比值(>1.0);(3)高∑REE和明显的负Eu异常;(4)高Sr同位素初始比值(0.7621~0.8846)和低ε_Nd(t)值(-13.0~-20.2)。淡色花岗岩的高Rb/Sr比值和Sr-Nd同位素系统特征表明其形成机制为主要为白云母脱水部分熔融作用,源区为由花岗片麻岩和变泥质岩组成的混合源区。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究揭示出定结地区淡色花岗岩具有21.0±0.7Ma和15.8±0.1Ma 2期年龄,花岗片麻岩的锆石变质增生边年龄为22.2±1.4Ma,与该区的榴辉岩退变质年龄一致。这些数据共同表明,花岗片麻岩和 变泥质岩在22~21Ma发生高级变质和深熔作用,形成早期淡色花岗岩岩浆,在~16Ma进一步深熔,形成晚期淡色花岗岩岩浆。     

碎屑重矿物分析对内蒙古西乌旗早二叠世寿山沟组的物源指示及构造意义

碎屑重矿物由于相对比较稳定,蕴含重要的成因信息,对其进行电子探针成分分析,能够还原岩石形成的物源区和盆地构造背景。内蒙古西乌旗早二叠世寿山沟组一段主要由砂岩夹砾岩等组成,二段主要由粉砂岩、泥岩等组成。重矿物分析表明,寿山沟组一段和二段砂岩重矿物主要有锆石、尖晶石和石榴子石等,指示其物源区为岩浆岩和变质岩。重矿物电子探针成分分析结果显示,电气石成分指示其具贫锂花岗岩和变沉积岩物源,尖晶石成分指示其具岛弧和洋中脊玄武岩类物源,石榴子石成分指示其具高级变质基性岩源区。综合物源分析显示,寿山沟组主要来源于迪彦庙蛇绿岩、锡林浩特杂岩和本巴图组玄武岩等。结合区域地质对比,认为寿山沟组形成于弧后盆地,古亚洲洋在早二叠世时期尚未闭合。     

大兴安岭北部中侏罗统漠河组砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄:对漠河盆地源区的制约

对大兴安岭北部漠河盆地中侏罗统漠河组砂岩进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试,获得的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄为1425~170 Ma,反映了中侏罗时期漠河盆地源区的复杂性。该时期漠河盆地物源主要有:中元古代变质火山岩,碎屑锆石年龄1425~1064 Ma;新元古代变质侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄888~550 Ma;寒武—奥陶纪变质表壳岩与深成侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄517~441 Ma;石炭—二叠纪侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄327~252 Ma;三叠纪—中侏罗世侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄250~170 Ma。这一测试数据与盆地现在南缘分布的地质体的时代基本对应,说明盆地的物源主要来自南部的中元古代—中侏罗世地质体,碎屑锆石中最小年龄为170 Ma,反映漠河组沉积下限不早于中侏罗世早期。这一成果对研究漠河盆地源区的物质组成、盆地沉积年代和油气成藏条件提供了新的素材。     

拉萨地块晚古生代沉积源区转变——来自措勤地区永珠组碎屑锆石的证据

晚古生代是拉萨地块地质演化的重要转折期,一些关键地质问题存在争论,如拉萨地块来源问题。选择西藏措勤地区上石炭统永珠组为研究对象,石英砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb测年数据显示523Ma、920Ma两个年龄峰值。通过与拉萨地块及其周缘晚石炭世冰期之前地层碎屑锆石对比,认为拉萨地块永珠组920Ma年龄峰值更具有冈瓦纳大陆靠印度一侧的物源特征,其与南羌塘、拉萨、喜马拉雅微陆块在裂离之前具有显著的亲缘关系。而含有冰筏碎屑的拉嘎组和来姑组中包含的西澳大利亚物源信息(约1180Ma年龄峰值),暗示来自西澳大利亚的冰筏可能通过洋流作用漂移至拉萨地块而后沉积冰筏碎屑。     

江西弋阳晚白垩世塘边组风成砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其物源意义

赣东北信江盆地晚白垩世圭峰群塘边组以发育大型高角度交错层理的风成砂岩为特征,总体为干旱气候条件下沙漠沉积环境的产物。该地区所采砂岩样品为紫红色中-细粒长石石英砂岩,碎屑颗粒主要包括石英、长石、云母和岩屑,多呈次圆状,分选性较好。利用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS测年法,对塘边组风成砂岩进行U-Pb同位素定年,分析物源。碎屑锆石颗粒大多数大于100μm,Th/U值为0.1～2.1,且大部分锆石内部具有清晰的振荡环带结构,表明多数为岩浆锆石。~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为141.4±1.2Ma。锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中于5个年龄段,分别是137～170Ma、431～506Ma、798～1172Ma、1268～2493Ma、2501～3488Ma。这些主要年龄区间与中国东南地区已知的岩浆事件对应,分别为燕山运动、加里东运动、晋宁运动、吕梁运动。其中,燕山期酸性火山-侵入杂岩提供了主要物源。结合风成砂岩交错层理反映的古风向数据,认为弋阳塘边组碎屑物质主要来自盆地北西部的九岭地区及北东部地区。