基于GIS的贵州省县域经济发展环境约束研究

借助反距离权重(IDW)空间插值及空间相关分析方法,对贵州省县域经济发展的空间分异特征及自然环境因素与县域经济发展的相关程度及限制作用进行分析。结果表明,贵州省县域经济发展水平在空间上存在较大差异,经济发展水平较高区域主要分布于贵阳、遵义、凯里、铜仁、都匀、兴义等政府所在地,其他县(市)人均GDP水平相对较低;经济发展水平与环境限制因子相关程度各异,其中六盘水、安顺及贵阳地区经济发展水平与环境限制因子关系密切,其他地区相关程度不明显。     

经济发展是否缩小区域间基本医疗卫生资源供给差距？

通过分析2000—2016年中国欠发达城市与发达城市之间的基本医疗卫生资源供给差异与人均GDP差异之间的关系,在使用滞后调整的面板数据模型基础上,对全国287个地级市的人均GDP收敛性及其基本医疗卫生资源供给水平随人均GDP变化的收敛性进行实证分析,得出如下结论：（1）2000—2016年,中国城市间人均GDP存在绝对β收敛,2008年后城市间经济收敛速度开始下降;（2）欠发达城市与发达城市之间总体的基本医疗卫生资源供给差异是显著收敛的。新医改之后其收敛速度呈加速趋势,但其收敛的速度仍远慢于人均GDP的收敛速度;（3）按照城市规模测算,大中小三类城市经济发展均存在绝对β收敛,新医改之前中等城市的欠发达与发达城市间基本医疗卫生资源供给差异随经济收敛呈现分散趋势,新医改之后,三类城市基本医疗卫生资源供给差异均呈现收敛状态,但大城市收敛速度呈下降趋势;（4）按照区域分类,四大区域的城市经济发展均存在绝对β收敛,东、中部地区欠发达城市与发达城市之间基本医疗卫生资源供给差异存在显著收敛,并且在新医改之后表现出加速趋势,西部及东北地区基本医疗卫生资源供给差异呈现分散趋势,但新医改之后其分散速度有所下降。     

中国城市化水平省际差异与因素分析

目前对中国城市化的研究多集中在城市化与经济增长之间的分析，对于城市化和不同因素之间的研究不多。中国城市化进入快速发展时期后，不同地区的城市化存在很大差异。选取综合经济（人均GDP）、工业化、市场化、国际化、信息化5个因子作为反映中国城市化省际差异的指标，利用灰色关联分析，分析1984～1994年和1995-2004年两个时段（分别以1994年和2004年为代表）中国城市化水平差异的主要影响因素。结果表明，中国省际城市化水平总体上与地区经济综合发展水平是一致的，两个时段中人均GDP都是相关性较高的因素；20世纪90年代中期以来市场化和国际化的关联度在增加，影响中国城市化进程的因素在增加；而信息化的影响程度变化不大，表明中国的信息化进程任重而道远。     

我国八大区人均GDP及城市化对居民国内旅游的影响

经济增长与城市化是推动国内旅游发展的两大驱动力,为揭示其对国内旅游的影响,对2001—2014年中国内地30个省份(除西藏外)的面板数据进行单因素和多元回归分析。研究结果显示:(1)人均收入与城市化促进居民出游率增长,人均GDP每增加1 000元,城市化率每提高1百分点,出游率分别增加2.877,2.388百分点;(2)人均收入与城市化促进居民人均旅游花费增长,人均GDP每增加1 000元,城市化率每增加1百分点,人均旅游花费分别增加28.848,25.621元;(3)将30个省份划分为八大区域,构建了两组18个多元回归模型,发现在各大区域之间存在一定差异。此外,陕西和甘肃因资源丰富,位置优越,居民出游率较高,人均旅游花费较低,此为地理环境带来的外部溢出效应。     

西部大开发中甘肃省区域经济空间结构演化态势

区域经济空间结构对区域经济发展具有重要意义,其合理与否直接关系到区域经济发展水平的提高。利用甘肃省1999,2005,2013年相关经济数据,借助基尼系数、县域集中指数、区域人均GDP空间分布等研究甘肃省区域经济空间结构的演化特征。结果表明:自西部大开发战略实施以来,甘肃省县域人均GDP基尼系数均大于0.4,经济发展差异显著;县域经济增长空间格局呈现集聚态势,主要集中在河西地区和兰州周围地区,已初步形成了以兰州—白银和酒泉—嘉峪关为城市群的双核增长极;县域经济空间格局以贫困县域为主,尤以中南部的陇南、临夏和甘南少数民族州最为突出。     

我国西部地区市域经济的时空差异研究

以市域为基本研究单元,以2000—2012年人均GDP为特征量,对我国西部地区的经济差异进行时空分析。研究发现,我国西部地区经济实力逐年增强,产业结构逐步向高层次结构迈进;市域经济发展水平差异大,少数市域人均GDP处于极端高水平,而65%左右的市域处于西部平均水平以下;整体市域经济格局呈现"弱者不进,强者进缓,中间颠倒"的发展状况;市域人均GDP的绝对差异在增大的同时,相对差异先增大后波动减小;人均GDP空间自相关显著,局部地区经济空间差异明显存在,经济发展水平相近的区域在空间上出现集聚分布。最后,从自然环境条件、资源禀赋、社会经济基础、产业结构、政策效应以及路径依赖等方面进行成因分析,并提出对策建议。     

中国西部沿边省份经济趋同的空间马尔可夫链分析——以云南省为例

利用2004-2020年云南省129个县级行政单元的人均GDP数据,使用传统与空间马尔可夫链相结合的统计方法,分析云南省区域经济趋同的时空演化。研究发现：(1)云南省经济发展存在俱乐部趋同现象,已形成低水平、中高水平和高水平3个趋同俱乐部;(2)云南县区经济发展水平类型的空间分布格局呈现“核心—边缘”特征,滇中城市群范围发育水平高、与边缘区域水平差异明显,环核心区域形成水平突变的塌陷带。同时,滇西和滇西南城镇发育程度不足,滇东北发展滞后;(3)空间因素在俱乐部趋同中发挥影响,邻域条件作用显著,加剧了滇中城市群与外围区的差异。     

县域尺度下经济发展水平与社会福利水平之间的关系分析——以中部六省为例

经济发展水平与社会福利水平之间的关系,一直是学者们关注的焦点之一。以中部六省为例,通过计算中部六省各县市的人均GDP指数与福利指数,并提出上行与下行及其衍生概念,分析中部六省经济发展水平与社会福利水平之间的关系。结果表明:人均GDP指数的"伸缩性"明显大于人均福利指数的"伸缩性"。经济水平高的地区福利水平有下降的趋势;经济水平一般的地区福利水平比较稳定;经济水平低的地区福利水平有上升的趋势。     

新疆三大区域经济差异现状与动态分析

区域经济差异是区域经济学研究的核心内容之一。采用定量分析方法,从经济发展水平差异和居民收入差异两方面对新疆三大区域经济差异现状和改革开放以来的动态变化进行了分析与评价,得出了一些基本结论和启示：(1)北疆和东疆基本处于同一一发展水平．而南疆与它们则有较大的差距;(2)在三大区域之间,农村居民的人均收入差异要远大于城镇居民货币工资收入差异;从全部居民人均消费较大的相对差异中可以透视出．居民人均实际收入的相对差异也较大;(3)北疆、东疆与南疆之间的经济发展绝对差异和相对差异呈现不断扩大的趋势;(4)北疆、东疆与南疆之间居民收入的绝对和相对差异在20世纪90年代后基本呈扩大态势：(5)区域经济差异的存在及其过大,会对经济、社会、政治、民族等各方面产生诸多消极影响．必须给予高度重视。     

环渤海地区县域经济发展时空分异研究

以县域为基本研究单元,应用统计分析法和空间分析法,以人均地区生产总值为指标,分析1996—2009年间环渤海地区县域经济的时空分异特征。结果表明,环渤海地区经济实力不断增强,产业结构呈现高级化趋势;县际经济发展水平差距大,部分县域人均GDP处于极端高水平;1996—2009年间,县域人均GDP的绝对差异增大而相对差异波动性缩小,省间差异是区域差异的主要组成部分;人均GDP空间自相关显著,经济发展热点区和冷点区的空间集聚特征增强。基于1996年各县人均GDP及1996—2009年间人均GDP增长差异,将环渤海地区划分为基础好增长较快型、基础中等增长较快型等6种类型。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,