X射线粉晶衍射法在萤石矿药鉴定与质量评价中的应用

利用X射线粉晶衍射仪对不同产地的萤石矿物药进行全谱扫描。根据X射线粉晶衍射5强峰确定萤石矿物药的主成分，并检测出萤石矿物药中的其他矿物成分。在矿物药所有组分半定量分析的基础上，对萤石矿物药质量进行评价。     

矿物药炮制现状浅析

天然矿物药不是单一的矿物，而有多种矿物的集合体，临床应用前必须经过炮制才能提高矿物药的疗效，降低矿物药的毒副作用，煅法，煅淬法，水飞法等矿物药炮制的常用手段，这些手段在煅烧温度，控温时间，淬煅次数等方面都有很大的进步，矿物药的炮制方法还受地质成因，产状，微量元素等因素的影响，进一步提高炮制工艺水平，制订出矿物药及炮制品的统一质量标准，是现今矿物药研究的首要任务。     

矿物药物质基础研究现状及展望

在深入研究近年来矿物药方面的文献报道基础上,介绍了矿物药微量元素的研究、检测方法的研究、毒理和药理等方面的研究现状。针对矿物药名实、配伍研究中存在的不足,提出矿物药名实鉴定,复方制剂中元素含量以及矿物药配伍等方面的研究方向,阐述了矿物药研究的广阔前景。     

开展长白山地区天然矿物药科学评价的意义

长白山地区蕴藏着十几种天然矿物药，对它们进行系统研究并作出科学的评价具有十分重要的意义。同一种矿物药可以在不同的地质条件下产出，其物理化学特征存在着差异，这种差异在临床疗效上可能会有所反映。矿物药历代相传，有名物不符的问题。对有争议的矿物药进行古籍文献的考证和实物鉴别十分必要。雄黄，雌黄这两味紧缺的药种的开发将缓解国内这一资源告急的困境。科学评价的成果对长白山地区矿物药资源的科学利用和可持续开发以及打造长白山中药品牌，将提供科学翔实的数据和技术支持。     

《中国矿物药研究》简介

《中国矿物药研究》一书是由中国地质大学孙静均等所著,于1992年由山东科技出版社出版。该书共分四章,在第一章绪论中系统的叙述了中国矿物药研究的历史、概况和研究方向;第二章矿物药的研究思路与方法;第三章二十八种矿物药研究;第四章矿物药药理机制探讨。     

药用矿物学探讨

近二十年来,由于多学科人士积极参与矿物药的研究,逐渐促进了一门新的应用学科－药用矿物学的产生。药用矿物学所研究的内容涉及到矿物药资源,矿物药成分,矿物药化学成分,矿物药物性,结构、炮制、古籍考证等诸多方面,药用矿物学是一门秀有发展前景的新兴学科。     

《中国矿物药研究》简评

孙静均等同志所著《中国矿物药研究》一书,于1992年5月由山东科技出版社出版.该书对中药中常见的28种矿物药作了详细的描述和研究,并在前人资料的基础上,运用现代科学技术手段,对所描述的药用矿物(包括岩石及化石)的矿物学特征、化学组成,微量元素特征等方面进行了分析,提供了全面的数据,使矿物药研究工作具备了现代特色,这是本书的一个重     

矿物药磁石的炮制及药理作用研究进展

矿物药是中药的一种,在中国具有悠久的应用历史。磁石是矿物药的一种,具有重要的研究价值,早在梁代磁石就有被人们作为药物应用的记载。通过查阅书籍和文献,本文介绍了矿物药的种类,磁石从古代到现代的炮制方法,磁石经过炮制后对所含元素溶出度的影响,磁石炮制对于磁石晶形的影响,磁石的临床应用。着重介绍了磁石的药理作用,包括磁石的镇静安神作用、抗惊厥作用、通耳明目作用、凝血作用、消炎作用、镇痛作用,表明矿物药磁石有极大的药用价值,为深入研究和拓宽其临床应用范围提供了科学依据,并对今后磁石的研究进行了展望。     

矿物药性味及其与溶出成分的关系

以溶出成分化学元素种类为特征，以性、味为类别标记构成矿物药模式，用ID3方法分别对不同的矿物药模式集做自适应模式识别。获得结果表明：非Sr-非As-非Zn组合是决定矿物药性寒凉的主要溶出成分元素组合，含As组合与非Sr-非As-非Zn非B组合是决定矿物药性温热的主要溶出成分元素组合；矿物药味辛、味甘、味酸、味苦和味咸各自与溶出成分中Ni、Zn、Pb、Ti、Sr、Cr、Bi、Ba、Al相互间的不同组合有关。     

矿物药交恩西炮制样品中氨基酸成分的研究

通过蒙医矿物药交恩西炮制样品中氨基酸各种成分含量的分析，对氨基酸的组成及样品存放后的成分互相存在转化现象进行了研究。实验结果表明，采用酒和酸奶淬交恩西样品，氨基酸含量有明显的差别，存放后的样品，不仅原有的氨基酸含量发生变化，各氨基酸成分还发生互相转化     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)