数字化成图方法的设计与应用分析

同模拟成图相比,数字化成图是一种全解析、机助测图的方法,具有显而易见的优势和广阔的发展前景,是地形测绘发展的技术前沿.     

Crowdsourcing a cyclist perspective on suggested recreational paths in real-world networks

ABSTRACT

Routing and navigation services for leisure activities are conditioned by special needs and trade-offs. The advent of online communities and large crowdsourced datasets offers opportunities to improve the adoption of a user’s perspective in these suggested paths. This paper focuses on achieving two goals. First, the presented methodology analyses a dataset of 190,610 historical GPS traces to gain insights into the appreciation or attractiveness of each edge in a real-world network for a specific leisure activity (i.e. road cycling). Second, as literature on these leisure activities is still sparse, we want to create a thorough understanding of the activities at hand for future work. An appreciation model is proposed and the spread of this score is analyzed in shortest-path alternatives of popular routing engines for this activity. This analysis successfully discriminates these shortest paths based on the scoring value and three morphological parameters of the path. However, the robustness of the model should be improved to ensure the viability of the proposed approach in future work. More specifically, further research on the local optimality of the route choices will be imperative.     

河南省旅游地图网站的设计与实现

旅游网络地图是在万维网上制作、浏览和使用的旅游电子地图。网络地理信息系统技术的快速发展及计算机互联网技术的日益普及,旅游业的迅猛发展,导致对旅游网络地图的需求增加。为满足旅游业的迅猛发展及旅游者对旅游网络地图的迫切需求,笔者对旅游网络地图与旅游地图网站的设计与实现进行了研究。河南省旅游地图网站是本项研究的实验平台,嵌入其中的河南省旅游网络地图的设计是该网站研究的特色与重点,各项其他研究也都是围绕该旅游网络地图展开。本文在研究了旅游地图网站设计原则的基础上,通过实例——河南省旅游地图网站的设计与实现,进一步证明了所提出设计原则的正确性与可行性,并详细介绍了河南省旅游地图网站设计与实现的具体方法。     

GPS新近发展及其军事应用

本文简述了GPS的最新发展动态，着重分析了GPS在精确制导武器上的应用形式和效果，指出了GPS制导技术存在的局限性及其未来发展趋势。     

房地产拆迁测绘管理系统设计和应用

城市的快速发展和旧城改造,对房地产拆迁测绘管理提出更高的要求.结合房地产拆迁测绘的特点,本文介绍了系统技术设计实现方案和应用工作流程,并论述了系统的主要特点.     

网络地图人性化界面设计

目前网络地图发展迅猛,但界面设计缺少理论指导,仍存在着许多问题.文中首先研究了网络地图的特点和界面内容,对目前网络地图界面设计中存在的突出问题进行归纳.接着提出了基于认知心理学理论的一般性网络地图界面设计原则.最后,对网络地图的用户层次进行分类,举例说明上述设计原则在人性化网络地图界面设计中的应用.     

A geovisual analytics exploration of the OpenStreetMap crowd

It is sometimes easy to forget that massive crowdsourced data products such as Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap (OSM) are the sum of individual human efforts stemming from a variety of personal and institutional interests. We present a geovisual analytics tool called Crowd Lens for OpenStreetMap designed to help professional users of OSM make sense of the characteristics of the “crowd” that constructed OSM in specific places. The tool uses small multiple maps to visualize each contributor’s piece of the crowdsourced whole, and links OSM features with the free-form commit messages supplied by their contributors. Crowd Lens allows sorting and filtering contributors by characteristics such as number of contributions, most common language used, and OSM attribute tags applied. We describe the development and evaluation of Crowd Lens, showing how a multiple-stage user-centered design process (including testing by geospatial technology professionals) helped shape the tool’s interface and capabilities. We also present a case study using Crowd Lens to examine cities in six continents. Our findings should assist institutions deliberating OSM’s fitness for use for different applications. Crowd Lens is also potentially informative for researchers studying Internet participation divides and ways that crowdsourced products can be better comprehended with visual analytics methods.     

移动道路测量系统在城市导航数据快速更新中的应用

随着科技发展,道路导航产业正在蓬勃发展,而导航的基础数据采集和更新正是制约导航产业的瓶颈,本文通过移动道路测量系统采集导航数据并对其检测,探讨移动道路测量系统在导航数据获取和更新中的应用,并对移动道路测量系统在导航产业中的前景进行展望。     

GPS的发展及在精确制导武器中的应用

文章阐述了GPS的最新发展动态,着重分析了GPS在精确制导武器上的应用形式和效果,并对GPS制导方法与其它制导方法进行了比较,指出了GPS制导技术存在的局限性及其未来发展趋势。     

浅谈ArcMap在1:10000地形图制图中的应用

GIS的广泛应用加速了地图制图产业的发展,本文以ArcMap为平台,以基础地理建库数据为数据源,结合参与的工程项目,阐述了ArcMap在1:10 000地形图制图应用方面的方法和技巧,希望能给基层的作业人员提供一定的参考。     

Cartographic Design and Usability of Visual Variables for Linear Features

This article addresses the measurement and assessment of response times and error rates in map-reading tasks relative to various modes of linear feature visualization. In a between-subject design study, participants completed a set of map-reading tasks generated by approaches to a traffic problem. These entailed quick and correct decoding of graphically represented quantitative and qualitative spatial information. The tasks first involved the decoding of one graphic variable, then of two variables simultaneously. While alternative representations of qualitative information included colour hue and symbol shape, the quantitative information was communicated either through symbol size or colour value. In bivariate tasks, quantitative and qualitative graphical elements were combined in a single display. Individual differences were also examined. The concept of cognitive style partially explains the variability in people’s perception and thinking, describing individual preferences in object representation and problem-solving strategies. The data obtained in the experiment suggest that alternative forms of visualization may have different impacts on performance in map-reading tasks: colour hue and size proved more efficient in communicating information than shape and colour value. Apart from this, it was shown that individual facets of cognitive style may affect task performance, depending on the type of visualization employed.     

基于可用性的多媒体电子地图集界面设计研究

针对多媒体电子地图集界面设计中可用性方面存在的主要问题,引入了可用性理论对多媒体电子地图集界面设计问题进行了分析研究。在研究中首先介绍了可用性及其在电子地图领域中的应用情况,分析了影响多媒体电子地图集界面设计的因素,然后运用可用性实验的方法找出了多媒体电子地图集在界面布局、色彩设计和工具图标方面出现的主要问题,最后提出了相应的设计原则。本研究为多媒体电子地图集界面设计提供了理论参考依据。     

浅析地质测绘中GPS技术的运用思路构建

地质测绘是调查地址与勘查矿产并编制成果图件的总称,包括测量地质点和地质剖面、测量物化探、测量矿区控制与矿区地形、勘探网布测、勘查工程定位测量、测量坑探工程、测量井探工程以及测量露天矿测量等。而高科技软件GPS技术(特别是GPS-RTK技术)已经广泛地应用于地质测绘工作中,使用该技术可以准确地处理复杂的工作流程,并清楚地绘制出三维图像。本文详细介绍了GPS-RTK技术,举例说明其在地质测绘工作中的应用,并提出个人建议。     

天绘一号卫星图像处理方法及应用研究

天绘一号卫星和资源三号卫星具备提供实时、大范围、经济、高分辨率的遥感卫星影像能力,有效解决了国家1∶50 000数据库动态更新工程覆盖区域大、更新周期短、现势性要求高等问题,为国家基础测绘节约了大量资金。本文对天绘一号卫星图像处理方法及应用进行了相关探讨。     

浅谈北斗卫星导航系统在测量中的应用

北斗卫星导航系统在测量中发挥着重要作用,本文对其系统特点和技术优势进行了分析,阐述了北斗卫星导航系统在保证测量的准确性、降低外业测量工作人员劳动强度方面的优势和应用前景。     

Cartographic Design and the Space–Time Cube

This paper reports on the results of an empirical evaluation that aimed to define the effectiveness and efficiency of different visual variables in depicting the Space–Time Cube’s (STC) content. Existing STC applications demonstrate that the most used visual variables are size and colour hue. Less is known, however, about their usability metrics. The research sets design criteria for STC contents, such as space–time paths, based on the cartographic design theory. The visual variables colour hue, colour value, colour saturation, size and orientation have been applied in two different use case studies. Besides, to support the three-dimensional visual environment, depth cues such as shading and transparency were considered too. User tests have been executed based on real-world problems with particular attention for the visualization strategy and data complexity. The outcomes revealed the most efficient and effective visual variables to represent data of various complexities in the STC.     

浅析GIS系统在地图测绘中的应用

GIS地理信息系统是一类建立在多种应用平台基础上,以集成地理空间信息的数据库系统为主要基础,充分利用地理模型建构、数据定量分析等方法进行相关空间地理数据信息的收集与处理,从而具有极高的准确性和灵活性的计算机应用系统。本文将就GIS地理信息系统的基本定义、系统构成和实践应用等几个方面进行系统的阐述,以期能够对目前的科学研究和社会实践具有一定的启发作用。     

测绘实用程序库系统的研究

介绍了如何搭建一个系统平台来实现测绘实用程序的共享。所有程序都存储在服务器的数据库上,用户通过网络发布程序、下载程序并通过本地客户端使用程序。     

GPS/DR组合导航在中国公路网测绘工程中的应用

针对中国公路网GPS测绘工程实施过程中存在的问题,根据GPS／DR组合导航系统的原理和特点,研究了GPS／DR组合导航系统在公路网GPS测绘工程运用的实现及其作用。     

电子地图导航技术框架研究

导航技术在用户使用电子地图中起着重要的引导作用,本文在拓宽地图学和地理信息工程领域中将电子地图导航技术分为了6类:显示设备、信息重构、缩放+漫游、概览+细节、焦点+上下文和基于提示的对象可视化技术,并构建了电子地图导航技术框架研究的漏斗模型,并对框架中的地理任务分类、导航技术分类、导航技术理论、可用性研究和评估方法以及最后方案的复用5个方面进行了阐述,并提出了初步的解决方案.