Geological structure of the Mediterranean Sea floor (based on geological—Geophysical data)

According to geophysical data, the Mediterranean Sea depressions are noted for a peculiar type of the earth's crust. The sedimentary rock sequence is of great thickness (8–15 km) and is of platform-type dislocation. Several structural stages are distinguished in the sedimentary complex. The youngest of them are the Messinian (evaporite) and Pliocene—Quaternary stages. The consolidated part of the earth's crust shows small thickness and is divided into large blocks. Vertical dislocations of the large crustal blocks which were conditioned by condensation—rarefaction and the upper mantle substance migration were at the base of Mediterranean sea floor transformation.     

Sea surface wind and Sea ice in the Barents Sea using microwave sensing data from Meteor-M N1 and GCOM-W1 satellites in January–March 2013

Application of satellite passive microwave sensing for the retrieval of key climatic parameters in the Barents Sea is considered. Fields of surface wind, atmosphere water vapor content and cloud liquid water content were found from MTVZA-GY radiometer onboard the Meteor-M N1 satellite and AMSR2 onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite with the use of original algorithms. The fields are in a good agreement with the ancillary remote and in situ measurements, which follows from the analysis of the evolution of the extra tropical and polar cyclones and cold air outbreaks with storm winds leading to intense air-sea interaction, and the formation and drift of sea ice.     

Numerical prediction experiment on Typhoon Maggie (9903)

I~IOXTyphoon is a severe and diSaStrous weather phenomenon that affeCts the southeaSt COaStsregion of China. It causes Serious lOSS for the social eCOnondc development as well as the life andproperties Of PeOPle. Therefore, the enhancement to study on the artifice of monitoring, Prediction and public services of typhoon is an i~nent requirement for gove~t and Public.The concern is also a taSk of great Urgency to advanCe meteorolQgical sciences.Starting from the 1980' s, as the deve…     

A new meiofauna polychaeta Pholoe (Polychaeta, Sigalionidae)from the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea)

ＡｎｅｗｍｅｉｏｆａｕｎａｐｏｌｙｃｈａｅｔａＰｈｏｌｏｅ（Ｐｏｌｙｃｈａｅｔａ，Ｓｉｇａｌｉｏｎｉｄａｅ）ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈａｉＳｅａ（ＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ）￥ＷｕＢａｏｌｉｎｇ；ＺｈａｏＪｉｎｇａｎｄＤｉｎｇＺｈｉｈｕ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐ...     

Exploitable wave energy assessment based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data—A case study in the East China Sea and the South China Sea

Wave energy resources assessment is a very important process before the exploitation and utilization of the wave energy. At present, the existing wave energy assessment is focused on theoretical wave energy conditions for interesting areas. While the evaluation for exploitable wave energy conditions is scarcely ever performed.Generally speaking, the wave energy are non-exploitable under a high sea state and a lower sea state which must be ignored when assessing wave energy. Aiming at this situation, a case study of the East China Sea and the South China Sea is performed. First, a division basis between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy is studied. Next, based on recent 20 a ERA-Interim wave field data, some indexes including the spatial and temporal distribution of wave power density, a wave energy exploitable ratio, a wave energy level, a wave energy stability, a total wave energy density, the seasonal variation of the total wave energy and a high sea condition frequency are calculated. And then the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are compared each other; the distributions of the exploitable wave energy are assessed and a regional division for exploitable wave energy resources is carried out; the influence of the high sea state is evaluated. The results show that considering collapsing force of the high sea state and the utilization efficiency for wave energy, it is determined that the energy by wave with a significant wave height being not less 1 m or not greater than 4 m is the exploitable wave energy. Compared with the theoretical wave energy, the average wave power density, energy level, total wave energy density and total wave energy of the exploitable wave energy decrease obviously and the stability enhances somewhat. Pronounced differences between the theoretical wave energy and the exploitable wave energy are present. In the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the areas of an abundant and stable exploitable wave energy are primarily located in the north-central part of the South China Sea, the Luzon Strait,east of Taiwan, China and north of Ryukyu Islands; annual average exploitable wave power density values in these areas are approximately 10–15 k W/m; the exploitable coefficient of variation(COV) and seasonal variation(SV)values in these areas are less than 1.2 and 1, respectively. Some coastal areas of the Beibu Gulf, the Changjiang Estuary, the Hangzhou Bay and the Zhujiang Estuary are the poor areas of the wave energy. The areas of the high wave energy exploitable ratio is primarily in nearshore waters. The influence of the high sea state for the wave energy in nearshore waters is less than that in offshore waters. In the areas of the abundant wave energy, the influence of the high sea state for the wave energy is prominent and the utilization of wave energy is relatively difficult. The developed evaluation method may give some references for an exploitable wave energy assessment and is valuable for practical applications.     

The variation features of the Antarctic sea ice (Ⅱ)

ＴｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｓｅａｉｃｅ（Ⅱ）￥ＸｉｅＳｉｍｅｉ；ＨａｏＣｈｕｎｊｉａｎｇ；ＱｉａｎＰｉｎｇａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＬｉｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙ６，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ２９...     

Distributional characteristics of planktonic Amphipoda (Hyperiidea) in the South Huanghai Sea and East China Sea

Ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｃ　Ａｍｐｈｉｐｏｄａ（Ｈｙｐｅｒｉｉｄｅａ）　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｓｏｕｔｈ　Ｈｕａｎｇｈａｉ　Ｓｅａ　ａｎｄ　Ｅａｓｔ　Ｃｈｉｎａ　ＳｅａＬｉｎＪｉｎｇｈｏｎｇａｎｄ...     

Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from the South China Sea Ⅳ: Family Bougainvilliidae (Anthomedusae)

This study reviews all genera and species belonging to the family Bougainvilliidae from the South China Sea.The Nubiella atentaculata Xu and Huang,2004 formerly included in the genus Nubiella,now is transferred to a new genus Paranubiella and included in the Bougainvilliidae as Paranubiella atentaculata(Xu and Huang,2004)n.comb..Two new species,Paranubiella nanhaiensis Xu,Huang and Guo,sp.nov.and Nubiella apapillaris Xu,Huang and Guo,sp.nov.from the South China Sea are described and illustrated in the present paper.In addition,the key to known genera of family Bougainvilliidae and species of genus Nubiella are described.Other data are briefly summarized to the list of species presented on the family Bougainvilliidae in the South China Sea.The type species were deposited at the Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration.     

Correlations between benthic habitats and demersal fish assemblages — A case study on the Dogger Bank (North Sea)

The interdependence between groundfish assemblages and habitat properties was investigated on the Dogger Bank in the North Sea. Abiotic habitat parameters considered included topography, hydrographic conditions, sediment composition, and the biotic habitat variable the prevailing benthic invertebrates. Distinct epi- and infauna communities occurred at different locations on the Dogger Bank. Fish assemblages were clearly linked to both the biotic and abiotic habitat characteristics.Overall, fish and benthic communities revealed similar spatial distribution, represented in the respective clusters of characteristic and abundant species. Distribution patterns corresponded with the prevailing abiotic conditions such as depth and sediment composition, which appear to relate to autecological preferences of individual species.The apparently most generalist species, grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) and dab (Limanda limanda) occurred at all stations and dominated in terms of biomass in most cases. The absolute numbers of grey gurnards were related to the abundance of suitable prey, invertebrate and fish species, which stomach analyses revealed as part of the diet in an independent study during the same research cruise. Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) were only abundant at deep stations along the flanks of the bank. The occurrence of lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and cod (Gadus morhua) was also positively correlated with depth, whereas especially lesser weever (Echiichthys vipera), sandeel species and solenette (Buglossidium luteum) occurred predominantly at the shallower sites. At the same time, individual fish species such as solenette and lesser weever were associated with high densities of selected epi- or infauna species.     

The dynamics of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) off Amrum in the south-eastern North Sea — evidence of an open population

Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) have been extinct in the south-eastern North Sea for centuries. Only in recent decades have they re-established a few colonies, the first of which was located on a group of sand bars off the German island of Amrum. Based on frequent counts from aircraft and boats in 1976–2000, and a photo-identification program in 1997, we investigated seasonal dynamics, trends in abundance, pup production, and pup survival in this population. Numbers of hauled-out seals were highest in spring, with a peak of 70–100 in late March or early April, and usually lower than 40 from late May to late January, including the winter breeding season. Both spring and summer counts indicated an average increase of 4–5% per year. Annual pup production was 3–10 in 1988–1995 and 9–13 in 1996–1999, suggesting a breeding stock of only about half the minimum total population size, i.e. 137 individually recognised seals in 1997. The estimated survival of pups until weaning seemed high enough to support autochthonous increase, and hence suggested a self-sustaining breeding stock at least until the late 1990s. Pup survival declined, however, from 95–100% in 1988–1991 to 60–70% in 1992–1999, probably due to erosion of the sand bars. From (i) the relative excess of hauled-out seals in spring, as compared to the phenology of stocks in the western North Sea, (ii) turnover and net loss of individuals during the spring and summer of 1997, as indicated by photo-ID records, and (iii) the low apparent per capita birth rate, we suggest that grey seals off Amrum split into a resident breeding stock and a similar or higher number of seals immigrating outside the breeding season. The latter may originate from larger colonies in the southern and western North Sea, and return there for breeding. In the future, grey seals currently breeding off Amrum may eventually leave the area because of deteriorating conditions. However, a decline of numbers occurring in spring and summer would not necessarily be expected, because seasonal influx from increasing stocks elsewhere in the North Sea is likely to continue.     

An improved optical flow method to estimate Arctic sea ice velocity (winter 2014?2016)

1 Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China; 3 Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing 210023, China     

Sedimentary Waves of the Southeastern Barents Sea Shelf (Kanin Peninsula–Cheshskaya Bay)

Oceanology - Sedimentary waves are represented by a series of wavelike accumulative features with various degrees of morphological expression. These morphological forms are superimposed on the...     

Evidence for active faults in Küçükçekmece Lagoon (Marmara Sea,Turkey), inferred from high-resolution seismic data

A total of 42 km of high-resolution seismic reflection and bathymetric data were collected for the first time to document stratigraphic and structural features of the uppermost 5 m of the Holocene sedimentary infill of Küçükçekmece Lagoon along the Marmara Sea coast of Turkey. The lagoon gradually deepens from 1 m off the northern coast to a maximum of 20 m in the southern basin. Stratigraphically, the uppermost seismic unit is characterized by a generally parallel reflection configuration, indicating deposition under low-energy conditions. In the southern basin of the lagoon, the sub-bottom is locally characterized by frequency attenuated and chaotic reflections interpreted as gas-charged sediments. Structurally, the soft sediment of the first 5 m below the lagoon floor is locally deformed by active strike-slip fault zones, here named FZ1, FZ2, and FZ3. These fault zones are NW–SE oriented and follow the long axis of the lagoon, compatible with the geographic alignment of the lagoon, the onland drainage pattern, and the scarps of the surrounding terrain. Moreover, the fault zones in Küçükçekmece Lagoon are well correlated with active offshore faults mapped during previous studies. This suggests that the FZ1, FZ2, and FZ3 fault zones are not merely local fault systems deforming the Küçükçekmece Lagoon bottom, but that they may be part of a regional fault zone extending both north and southward to merge with the northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in the Ç?narc?k Basin. This, however, needs to be confirmed by further structural and seismological studies around Küçükçekmece Lagoon in order to more firmly establish its link with the NAFZ in the Marmara Sea, and to highlight potential seismic risks for the densely populated Istanbul metropolitan area.     

土耳其——穿行欧亚大陆的神奇之旅(上)

<正>动身前往土耳其以前,我一直在问自己:这一次旅行,我究竟去的是欧洲还是亚洲?面对这个遥远而神奇的国度,这的确是一个让人无法圆满回答的问题。历史与现代并存的大都市——伊斯坦布尔Welcome to turkey!(欢迎来到土耳其!)移民局负责入境检查的柜台后面,年轻的土耳其帅哥给了我们一个热情的微笑,并把办好入境手续的护照交给我们。从上海出发,在莫斯科转机,我们经过16个小时的飞行,终于抵达了位于伊斯坦布尔     

中国鱼类名录Ⅹ——鲈亚目(部分)

鲈亚目 3 总科 53 科 239 属 840 种。     

土耳其——穿行欧亚大陆的神奇之旅(中)

<正>以弗所遗址位于塞尔丘克城市的近郊,是爱琴海地区保存最完好的罗马时代的古典城市。每一个来土耳其的游客,都不会错过以弗所。但随之而来的是以弗所的人山人海。你想在以弗所古图书馆门前照一张只有你自己的留影?趁早打消这个念头吧,旅行团一拨接一拨的游客让你这个美妙的想法成了泡影。我们希望找到一些其他的遗址,可以静静的感受历史的流淌,所以选择了塞尔丘克周边的另外三处遗址。     

土耳其——穿行欧亚大陆的神奇之旅(下)

<正>我们在地中海周边旅行的第一站,来到了安塔利亚。这座坐落在安塔利亚海湾的城市,始建于公元前2世纪,是地中海沿岸最大的土耳其城市,也被旅行者视为通往土耳其蓝色海岸的门户,今天它仍是土耳其著名的度假旅行圣地。因为地中海性气候的影响,这里冬暖夏热,所以颇受来自寒冷国家游客的喜爱,尤其是德国和俄罗斯游客更将安塔利亚视为度假的天堂。是呀,还有什么比脱下厚重的冬装,换上轻薄的泳衣,再纵身跃入大海畅游一番更痛快呢?     

Integral microphysical parameters of stratospheric background aerosol for 2002–2005 (the SAGE III satellite experiment)

The surface area and volume densities (S and V) of the particles of stratospheric background aerosol in the 15–20 km and 20–25 km layers for 2002–2005 were obtained from measurements of the aerosol extinction coefficient with the SAGE III instrument by using the linear-regression method of solving the inverse problem. The measurements were taken within the latitudinal belts 43°–80°N and 34°–58°S. The spatial and temporal dependences of S and V demonstrate homogeneous distribution fields in summer, whereas noticeable inhomogeneities are observed in winter and early spring. In all years of the measurements, an increase in the integral characteristics of stratospheric background aerosol was observed during the fall-to-winter transition period. Longitudinal variations in S and V can be both slight and significant (50–70%). Analysis of the interannual variability of the mean areas and volumes of aerosol particles shows that their minima (as a rule) were observed in 2002 and their maxima were observed in 2005. In most of the cases, no monotonic annual variations in the aerosol characteristics are noted. The dependence of the aerosol parameters on the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillations of zonal wind in the stratosphere is observed. The data obtained for 2002–2005 are, on the whole, in good agreement with the climatological data obtained for 1996–1999.     

Spatial Distribution of Phytoplankton in the Subarctic Estuary (Kem’ River,the White Sea)

Oceanology - The species composition and biomass of phytoplankton, as well as hydrological characteristics, were estimated during four spatial surveys in the Subarctic tidal Kem’ River...