带纵摇前墙的新型振荡水柱式波浪能装置转换效率以及水动力性能数值研究

提出了一种带纵摇前墙的新型振荡水柱式波浪能(OWC)装置,借助Open FOAM开源代码平台和waves2Foam工具包,数值模拟研究带纵摇前墙OWC装置的水动力性能和转换效率。主要研究前墙吃水d_1、前墙密度ρ、后墙吃水d_2、旋转约束力(用无量纲弹簧系数K表示)对该装置的反射系数C_r、透射系数C_t、耗散系数C_d和波能转换效率ξ的影响规律。结果表明,纵摇前墙能有效减少能量耗散,提高波能转换效率ξ;无量纲弹簧系数K对装置转换效率的影响主要集中在短波区域,且在K为0时装置具有最大的转换效率和最宽的高效频率带;前墙的密度和吃水深度对水动力系数影响不大;后墙的吃水深度对水动力系数影响较大,增加吃水深度能有效提高装置对于中短波和中长波段的波能转换效率,但对系统整体的能量耗散系数影响不大。     

集成于方箱防波堤的双气室振荡水柱波能装置转换效率研究

为实现建造、运行和维护等方面的资源共享,将振荡水柱(oscillating water column,简称OWC)波能转换装置与现有海工结构集成耦合,已成为目前海洋波浪能转换利用的热点问题。以集成于方箱防波堤的双气室OWC装置为研究对象,借助开源代码平台OpenFOAM和造/消波工具箱waves2Foam,采用流体体积法(VOF)捕捉自由面和6自由度(6DOF)动网格求解器模拟垂荡运动响应,对在不同规则波作用下,中墙相对宽度、中墙相对吃水对装置波能转换效率及水动力特性的影响进行数值研究。结果表明,较大的中墙相对宽度能够增强装置的波能转换效率(ξ_total(max)=73%)、降低结构物的相对垂荡位移并对装置前后气室内水柱的振荡幅度与压强变化产生影响;增加中墙相对吃水能显著提高气室在中高频波段波能提取效率(ξ_total(max)=78%),并显著拓宽气室的高效频率带宽(0.9≤ω²h/g≤2.2)。     

OWC波浪能采集气室内水动力学压强分析

振荡水柱(Oscillation Water Column,OWC)是近年来发展较快的波浪能采集技术,该装置主要由箱体、振荡水柱和压缩空气柱组成,而波浪在气室内产生的压强对能量转换效率等起到决定作用。结合三维侧向开口的振荡水柱波能转换装置,基于线性波理论,采用三维Green函数法建立了气室内水气动力学性能的空气压强理论计算模型,利用多维切比雪夫(Chebyshev)多项式求解,计算结果精度高,能够准确表达波浪和结构设计参数对气室内压强影响。依据理论计算模型分析了波浪周期、波长、吃水深度、入射波幅等参数对气室内压强作用。     

基于Simulink的振荡水柱气室优化分析

振荡水柱式(Oscillation Water Column,简称OWC)波浪能采集装置具有结构简单、稳定性好、海洋环境适应性强等优点。为了提高该装置波能采集效率,研究波浪进入气室的振荡水柱气动特性与装置结构参数关系,为系统设计提供理论基础。以振荡水柱式波能转换理论计算分析为基础,采用Simulink软件分别建立前墙处入口压强Pq求解模型、装置气室内压强Po求解模型以及装置内振荡水柱运动方程y求解模型,研究目的是综合分析振荡水柱气室内压强与气室结构、波浪流体动力学参数之间的变化关系。     

离岸式振荡水柱气室参数CFD优化设计

采用计算流体动力学分析(CFD)技术研究离岸式振荡水柱波能转换装置的设计参数优化问题。首先,借助FLUENT软件用户自定义函数功能(UDF)并运用动边界造波及多孔介质消波方法建立基于线性波浪理论的二维数值波浪水槽,然后,将水槽的分析方法应用于振荡水柱气室仿真研究。结果表明:离岸式振荡水柱气室在发生共振时转换效率最高,气室内液面升降幅度随着波能转换装置的前墙入水深度、厚度以及气室宽度的减小而产生较明显的增大;相对于前墙尺寸,气室宽度对波能转换装置的能量转换功率影响较大。     

振荡水柱波浪能采集气室引浪通道CFD优化设计

振荡水柱(Oscillating water column,OWC)波浪能采集装置气室底部引浪通道对波浪能采集效率具有重要意义。基于流体动力学分析(CFD)技术研究OWC装置气室底部轮廓的优化问题,在ICEM CFD仿真分析系统中建立4种气室底部结构的二维引浪通道模型,应用FLUENT软件流体分相处理及明渠造波法和数值沙滩消波方法建立基于线性波浪理论的二维数值波浪水槽。仿真分析显示,圆形底部轮廓OWC气室较其它3种轮廓结构的气室墙壁受到压力小,形成的反射波小,波能损失小,气室出口速度快由此形成的气室压力大,波能转换效率高。     

不规则波作用下岸基式振荡水柱波能装置的水动力性能研究

为了研究真实海域中振荡水柱（OWC）波能转换装置的水动力性能,本文基于势流理论和高阶边界元方法,建立了不规则波与岸基式OWC波能装置相互作用的二维非线性数值模型,不规则波基于JONSWAP谱生成。为了考虑由于水体黏性引起的能量耗散,在气室内水面边界条件中引入人工黏性阻尼。并在大连理工大学波流水槽中开展了物理模型试验,对数值模型的有效性进行了验证。研究发现,在不规则波作用下,OWC波能装置的水动力效率相较于规则波作用下有所降低,特别是在低频波区域效率差值最大。与规则波相比,不规则波浪作用下装置峰值效率对应的频率变大。气室内的相对水面高程随着有效波高的增加而降低,而气室内相对气压则随有效波高的增加而增大。OWC波能装置的水动力效率受有效波高的影响较小,其峰值效率对应的频率不受波浪非线性的影响。本文可以为OWC波能装置的设计提供参考。     

基于VOF模型的OWC气室波浪场数值分析

近年来,振荡水柱形式在波能转换装置中得到了广泛应用,由于波况不同,需对气室加以研究并对其形状参量进行优化,从而使空气流速和能量转换达到最大值.利用基于VOF模型建立二维数值波浪水槽,将数值计算的振荡水柱在气室内的升沉运动与物理模型试验进行比较,验证其正确性,并将OWC气室的研究手段予以推广.     

两种型式的波能装置-浮式防波堤水动力性能比较研究

波能装置-浮式防波堤是将浮式防波堤与波能转换装置集成,兼具防波消浪和捕获波浪能的集成装置,能够有效降低单一功能波能转换装置的成本。研究者们提出了许多波能装置-浮式防波堤的结构型式,其中非对称式浮体结构相比于对称式浮体结构,在单向入射波的水动力性能方面拥有一定的优势。本文针对导桩锚泊的非对称式方箱-三角形挡浪板和方箱-垂直挡浪板两种浮体结构型式,通过数值模拟的方式,对比分析其水动力特性和波能俘获特性。数值模型基于黏性流体理论,以Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,并采用VOF方法和浸没边界法求解自由面边界和流固耦合作用,探究不同入射波周期、水深和浮体排水条件下集成装置水动力性能（消波特性、能量耗散特性和波能俘获特性）变化趋势。结果表明,在近岸波浪条件下（5～8 s）,垂直挡板型式集成装置适用于较小周期波浪（5～6 s）,而三角挡板型式集成装置适用于较大周期波浪（6～7.5 s）。随着水深增大,波能俘获比总体上呈现缓慢增长的趋势。在主浮体吃水相同的情况下（排水量不同）,两种结构的透射系数基本一致;而在排水量相同（主浮体吃水不同）的情况下,垂直挡板结构型式的防波效果更好,三角挡板结构型...     

前板可旋转的双垂板结构水动力特性的理论研究

振荡水柱波能转换装置的最大转换效率往往受到腔内水柱共振机制的直接影响。通过对装置的基本结构进行简化,提出了一种前墙可绕固定轴旋转的双垂板式结构系统,旨在通过前墙的旋转运动进一步加剧水柱的振荡,从而对腔内水柱的共振机制进行调节和控制。基于线性波理论,采用匹配特征函数展开法对波浪与双垂板结构的相互作用进行理论研究,针对流场在结构物尖角附近的奇异性特征,将公共界面上的速度分布基于切比雪夫多项式近似展开,并应用区域间的速度与压力连续条件进行求解。通过分析结构的几何参数对反射透射系数、平均波面高程、前墙旋转振幅以及前墙与水面间相位差的影响,深究其共振机理,为振荡水柱波能转换装置的效率优化机制提供理论依据。结果表明,在所研究的波浪频率范围内,前墙的自由旋转运动会加剧板间的平均波面高程,应用于波浪能转换装置中能进一步拓宽高效频率带宽。     

Wave Loads and Protective Techniques of An On-Shore Wave Power Device

In this paper, the extreme wave loads on an on-shore wave power device are investigated. First, boundary element method is applied to solve the three dimensional potential problem based on the small amplitude wave assumption. Then the motion of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) inside the device and its laods on the device are calculated in time domain. Several protective techniques often applied are simulated by changing the constraint of the upper end of the chamber of the device. Numerical results are used to judge the effectiveness of these techniques. The investigation shows that damping can not effectively restrain the motion of OWC when the period of incident wave is long, which may cause dangerous loads on the structure. The shut chamber can effectively restrain the motion of OWC, but alternatively cause high pressure in the chamber. A Contracting opening with a Taper (CT) can exhaust a great amount of kinetic energy of OWC, and significantly decrease the loads. It is a promising protective tec     

岸式振荡水柱波能装置的波浪载荷及保护措施探讨

本文对振荡水柱波能装置的水柱做了时域计算，研究了内水柱在气室处于封闭状态、有阻尼状态和无阻尼状态下的动力响应。得出了相应的波浪载荷，并对波能装置的几种保护措施作了探讨。数值结果表明，带有阻尼的气室不能有效地阻止内水柱的运动，将使结构承受危险载荷的打击；全封闭的气室能有效地阻止内水柱的运动，但可能使气室里产生高压；收缩口与破浪锥联合作用，可以消耗水柱的动能，大大地减少载荷，是一种有前途的保护措施。     

Experimental hydrodynamic investigation of a fixed offshore Oscillating Water Column device

Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is one of the pioneer devices in harnessing wave energy; however, it is not fully commercialized perhaps due to the complicated hydrodynamic behavior. Previous studies are significantly devoted to OWC devices located in nearshore and coastal regions where incident wave energy would experience dissipation more than offshore. In this paper, a 1:15 scaled fixed offshore OWC model is tested in a large towing tank of National Iranian Marine Laboratory. Wave spectrum shape effect on the efficiency of the OWC model is addressed. Moreover, the paper investigates the effects of the geometric and hydrodynamic factors on OWC device efficiency and uncovers new points in nonlinear interaction occurring inside the chamber; i.e. sloshing. The results indicate that shape of the spectrum inside the chamber is affected by the type of incident wave spectrum, especially for long waves. Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum leaded to higher efficiency rather than JONSWAP spectrum at longer incident wave periods. According to efficiency analysis, increasing wave height may lead to air leakage from the chamber followed by vortex generation, which is a reason for decreasing the efficiency of the OWC device. Furthermore, no shift in the resonant period of the OWC model, due to wave height increase, was observed at the opening ratios equal or smaller than 1.28%. Spectral analysis of water fluctuation inside the OWC chamber illustrates two modes of sloshing. The first mode can be seen at short period waves while the second mode is visible at long period waves. The sloshing modes approximately vanish by increasing draft value.     

CFD modelling of a small–scale fixed multi–chamber OWC device

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have excellent potential as a source of renewable energy that is yet to be commercially realised. Recent attention has focused on the installation of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices as a part of harbor walls to provide advantages of cost–sharing structures and proximity of power generation facilities to existing infrastructure. In this paper, an incompressible three–dimensional CFD model is constructed to simulate a fixed Multi–Chamber OWC (MC–OWC) device. The CFD model is validated; the simulation results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results obtained from a scale physical model tested in a wave tank. The validated CFD model is then used for a benchmark study of 96 numerical tests. These investigate the effects of the PTO damping caused by the power take–off (PTO) system on device performance. The performance is assessed for a range of regular wave heights and periods. The results demonstrate that a PTO system with an intermediate damping can be used for all chambers in the MC–OWC device for most wave period ranges, except for the long wave periods. These require a higher PTO damping. An increased incident wave height reduces the device capture width ratio, but there is a noticeable improvement for long wave periods.     

基于主客观权重集成法的OWC装置波能转换效率评价

OWC装置的结构形式繁多,共振周期也各不相同,全面合理地评价OWC装置的工作性能具有重要的现实意义。为优化OWC装置的工程选型,文章基于主客观权重集成法,分别采用层次分析法和熵值法计算峰值波能转换效率、一级衰减和二级衰减3个指标的主观权值和客观权值,并通过优化模型进行组合,从而确定综合权值;利用3个指标的综合权值,对4种不同结构的OWC装置的平均波能转换效率进行评分,并对评分结果进行验证和分析。研究结果表明:在所选的4种装置结构中,圆截面U-OWC的评分最高,即具有最高的平均波能转换效率;与传统OWC结构相比,U-OWC结构的平均波能转换效率较高,在实际工程中有更好的表现,在满足条件时宜优先采用。     

Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device

An oscillating buoy wave power device (OD) is a device extracting wave power by an oscillating buoy. Being excited by waves, the buoy heaves up and down to convert wave energy into electricity by means of a mechanical or hydraulic device. Compared with an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave power device, the OD has the same capture vvidth ratio as the OWC does, but much higher secondary conversion efficiency. Moreover, the chamber of the OWC, which is the most expensive and difficult part to be built, is not necessary for the OD, so it is easier to construct an OD. In this paper, a nu-merical calculation is conducted for an optimal design of the OD firstly, then a model of the device is built and, a model test is carried out in a wave tank. The results show that the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC and that the OD is a promising wave power device.     

Design and Experimental Study of A Pile-Based Breakwater Integrated with OWC Chamber

A structure scheme of a pile-based breakwater with integrated oscillating water column(OWC) energy conversion chamber was proposed, and four structure forms had been designed. Based on the physical test, the variations of the reflected wave height, the transmitted wave height, the air velocity at the outlet of the chamber, the air pressure and the wave height in the air chamber were studied under the conditions of different wave heights, periods, with or without elliptical front wall and the baffles on both sides of the chamber. Moreover, based on the results, the changes and relationship between the wave-eliminating effect and energy conversion effect of the scheme were analyzed. In general, it turns out, the transmission coefficients of the four structure forms are kept below 0.5. Furthermore, the transmission coefficients of the structural forms G2, G3, and G4 were all smaller than 0.4, and it is only 0.1 at its smallest. Thereinto, in general, the structure form G4 has the best wave-eliminating and energy conversion performance. At the same time, when the wave steepness is 0.066, the energy conversion and wave dissipation effect of the four structure forms is the best. The research results could be provided as the reference for the design structure selection of pile-based breakwater with integrated OWC energy conversion chamber.     

点吸收式波浪能俘获装置结构优化方法研究

根据布设海域波浪能资源特征,对点吸收式波浪能装置结构进行优化,可有效提高装置的能量俘获效率。本文以威海褚岛北部海域为装置布设目标海域,在对该海域波浪资源特征进行统计分析的基础上,计算得到装置的直径,同时利用数值软件计算出多组工况下点吸收装置吃水深度和装置固有周期的对应关系,并利用统计学方法得出装置固有周期随吃水深度的变化规律,进而分析得出装置在该海域的最佳设计吃水深度,为点吸收波浪能装置结构优化设计提供了新的思路。该方法对于其他技术类型波浪能装置的结构优化设计同样具有借鉴意义。     

振荡水柱波能装置冲击式空气透平优化数值模拟研究

冲击式空气透平是振荡水柱式波能发电装置的二级能量转换装置,具有自启动性能好、在大流量系数区保持较高效率等优势,近年来应用越来越广泛.有学者提出在冲击式透平动叶片尖端安装环结构的设计,可以改善动叶片叶尖间隙处的气流流动形态,提高透平的工作性能.依托于此观点,构建了安装有环结构的冲击式透平的三维定常数值模型,并通过网格数量...     

Hydrodynamic performance of a pile-supported OWC breakwater: An analytical study

A pile-supported OWC breakwater is a novel marine structure in which an oscillating water column (OWC) is integrated into a pile-supported breakwater, with a dual function: generating carbon-free energy and providing shelter for port activities by limiting wave transmission. In this work we investigate the hydrodynamics of this novel structure by means of an analytical model based on linear wave theory and matched eigenfunction expansion method. A local increase in the back-wall draft is adopted as an effective strategy to enhance wave power extraction and reduce wave transmission. The effects of chamber breadth, wall draft and air chamber volume on the hydrodynamic performance are examined in detail. We find that optimizing power take-off (PTO) damping for maximum power leads to both satisfactory power extraction and wave transmission, whereas optimizing for minimum wave transmission penalizes power extraction excessively; the former is, therefore, preferable. An appropriate large enough air chamber volume can enhance the bandwidth of high extraction efficiency through the air compressibility effect, with minimum repercussions for wave transmission. Meanwhile, the air chamber volume is found to be not large enough for the air compressibility effect to be relevant at engineering scales. Finally, a two-level practical optimization strategy on PTO damping is adopted. We prove that this strategy yields similar wave power extraction and wave transmission as the ideal optimization approach.