线特征约束的建筑物密集匹配边缘全局优化方法

立体影像密集匹配技术常用固定窗口来寻找同名点,并根据同名光线对对相交的原理,计算出目标的三维信息,具有成本低、分辨率高、重建范围大等优势.但是,在建筑物边缘区域,由于遮挡等因素影响,固定匹配窗口的匹配精度往往较低,且会对建筑物边缘进行一定程度上的外扩.为了获取高精度的建筑物边缘重建结果,本文提出了一种基于线特征的建筑物...     

附加多视线特征约束的城市场景网格模型优化

基于多视立体几何技术重建的城市场景密集点云难免会包含噪声,尤其是在建筑边缘区域,这会导致三维模型在建筑边缘处发生扭曲,缺乏应有的平直锐利性.针对这一问题,该文提出一种三维网格模型优化方法:首先,从多视影像中提取二维线特征,定位建筑模型边缘区域,并构造多视线特征约束;然后,以网格顶点的影像灰度一致性约束和多视线特征约束作...     

一种改进的降落影像序列特征匹配方法

针对传统SIFT匹配方法用于嫦娥三号降落影像匹配效率低的问题,提出了一种改进的降落影像序列特征匹配方法。重构了着陆器垂直降落阶段拍摄过程的几何模型,并得到了不同降落影像中的同名匹配点之间的几何约束关系,然后通过SIFT方法进行影像中极值点的提取和特征描述,最终将几何模型约束用于极值点的匹配点搜索过程中,优化了匹配过程。采用嫦娥三号着陆器真实降落影像进行了试验,结果表明,改进方法能够取得较为稳定的匹配结果,且平均可以减少约为18%的匹配耗时,研究结果对后续深空探测任务的开展具有重要的参考价值。     

一种改进的快速特征点匹配方法

如何进行快速特征点匹配是计算机视觉领域研究的热点问题之一,基于层级式K均值聚类的分类树算法能对特征点实现快速分类。然而,当用该方法进行特征点匹配时不仅会产生大量误匹配点,而且还会丢失许多匹配点。本文对该方法进行研究后,从建树和匹配两个方面对算法进行了改进,使其更加适合于特征点匹配。实验结果表明,改进后的分类树算法能够在保持原算法匹配速度快特点的同时还能够有效降低误匹配率和漏匹配率。     

Optimal spatial data matching for conflation: A network flow‐based approach

Spatial data conflation involves the matching and merging of counterpart features in multiple datasets. It has applications in practical spatial analysis in a variety of fields. Conceptually, the feature‐matching problem can be viewed as an optimization problem of seeking a match plan that minimizes the total discrepancy between datasets. In this article, we propose a powerful yet efficient optimization model for feature matching based on the classic network flow problem in operations research. We begin with a review of the existing optimization‐based methods and point out limitations of current models. We then demonstrate how to utilize the structure of the network‐flow model to approach the feature‐matching problem, as well as the important factors for designing optimization‐based conflation models. The proposed model can be solved by general linear programming solvers or network flow solvers. Due to the network flow formulation we adopt, the proposed model can be solved in polynomial time. Computational experiments show that the proposed model significantly outperforms existing optimization‐based conflation models. We conclude with a summary of findings and point out directions of future research.     

基于特征匹配的月球撞击坑自动提取研究

本文提出了一种基于特征匹配的撞击坑自动提取算法,该算法以单个撞击坑的5个典型影像特征为依据,用最大类间方差法将月面影像分割为暗区、亮区和背景3类;再使用区域生长将离散点聚合,通过特征匹配找出属于同一撞击坑的暗区与亮区,并利用八方向Sobel算子获取边缘控制点并拟合边缘。经过"嫦娥一号"和"嫦娥二号"部分遥感影像的验证,该算法对于纬度较高地区的月面影像提取效果较好,已成功应用到数字月球平台进行全月展示。     

基于多尺度模型的数据库影像特征匹配

针对传统的遥感影像数据库中影像特征匹配效率低下的问题,该文提出一种基于多尺度模型的数据库影像特征匹配方法。为遥感影像数据库构建多尺度模型,能较高效率地在数据库中快速定位候选的匹配影像;基于搜索得到的候选影像,采用快速排序算法逐层筛选最佳匹配影像,从而实现了数据库匹配影像的精确定位。实验结果表明:所提算法不仅能高效地完成影像间特征点匹配运算,还能从数据库中精确地筛选得到最佳的匹配影像;且随着数据库中影像总数的增加,该方法的优势表现得更加明显。这一研究将为遥感影像数据库的高效、实时及动态匹配提供可能性。     

面向城区宽基线立体像对视角变化的结构自适应特征点匹配

提出一种基于结构自适应特征的城区宽基线影像特征点匹配方法。首先,对影像提取点特征和直线特征,挖掘点特征与其邻域内直线特征之间的几何关系,构建结构自适应的特征区域和特征描述符,并通过双向匹配策略获得初始匹配结果。然后,基于初匹配结果估计影像基础矩阵,构建核线约束的结构自适应特征匹配算法进行二次匹配。最后,将已匹配特征作为控制基础设计匹配扩展算法,进一步增加匹配点数量。本文方法以特征点邻域几何结构为出发点,构建自适应的特征区域,能够在显著的影像视角变化下,为同名特征点提取影像内容一致的特征区域,进而获得相似的特征描述符。试验结果证明,与传统算法相比,本文方法在城区宽基线影像上能够同时获得更多的正确匹配特征和更高的匹配正确率。     

An automated method for the selection of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints

The automatic selection of railway marshaling lines is an important procedure in the generalization of road network data. The line selection results must be geometrically consistent with the topological features of the external/internal structural and topological connectivity of the railway stations. When current methods are used to process the lines at railway marshaling stations, which exhibit crisscrossing, dense, non‐hierarchical, and complex characteristics, the selected lines tend to be topologically and structurally erroneous. In this article, we propose an automated method for the selection and generalization of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints. First, we identify four types of line structures in accordance with the spatial and topological features of railway stations. Then, based on length and spacing thresholds specified for the generalization process, line selection is performed while accounting for constraints regarding structural robustness and topological extensibility. Finally, we report the validation of our method on a dataset relating to Chengdu Railway Station, China. The results indicate that our method successfully preserves the external and internal structural features and connectivity of railway stations.     

多特征约束的高分辨率光学遥感影像道路提取

针对复杂场景中的遥感影像道路提取问题,论文提出了一种多特征约束的影像道路提取方法,并开展了论文方法可行性论证。该方法首先,根据道路宽度的先验知识以及道路的几何特征,提出一种改进的线段二次提取模型,利用线段长度和道路宽度确定候选道路种子点集;其次,输入道路结构信息,基于道路辐射特征对候选道路种子点进行整体匹配评价;再次,当候选道路种子无法符合辐射特征要求时,提出一种浅色机动车检测模型,以此将浅色机动车结果作为道路上下文特征,利用道路上下文特征对候选道路种子点进行分析;然后,构建道路拓扑分析模型,依据道路拓扑特征对候选道路种子点进行最终验证;最后,对提取道路种子点进行优化处理,并提出道路跟踪及拟合方法。通过不同复杂场景、不同分辨率高分辨率遥感影像下开展的不同方法实验结果对比分析表明,相对于其他商用软件ECognition和Erdas的方法,本方法自动化程度更高,运行效率高,适用于解决道路类型多样化、几何光谱噪声大的复杂场景道路提取问题。     

一种基于统计模型的自适应窗口匹配方法

提高匹配精度和效率是摄影测量的主要研究内容之一。本文基于统计模型计算窗口灰度波动及视差波动,根据视差和其不确定性估计调整窗口。在调整窗口的同时确定最佳匹配点位,实现动态窗口匹配,匹配精度达到子像素级。通过对无人机影像匹配的实验结果验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

一种直线特征的近景影像绝对定向算法

针对近景影像存在遮挡、重复纹理,导致通视情况较差以及缺乏同名特征点的问题,该文在传统点摄影测量的基础上结合计算机视觉理论,提出了一种基于直线特征的近景影像绝对定向算法。对于近景影像直线特征易于识别且大量存在的优势,建立了空间直线关系,推导了直线特征约束的误差方程,实现了基于直线特征的绝对定向元素和影像位姿解算。通过虚拟和真实数据实验,验证了本文方法对近景影像绝对定向元素解算的可行性,降低了对控制点及同名点的要求,并通过点线联合平差进一步提高定向结果的精度和稳定性。     

结合改进特征算法和狄洛尼三角网的图像匹配方法

针对加速的具有鲁棒性特征算法导致匹配图像丢失颜色信息成分的问题,该文从图像匹配的效率和精度出发,提出了一种基于改进加速的具有鲁棒性特征算法和狄洛尼三角网的图像匹配方法。该方法在原有加速的具有鲁棒性特征算法的基础上,引入颜色不变量模型和狄洛尼三角网、三角形相似函数及摄影不变量等约束条件,有效保留了图像的颜色信息,减少特征点错误的匹配率。实验表明:本算法具有匹配速率高、提取的特征点多且分布均匀以及匹配率高等特点。     

A solution to EIV model with inequality constraints and its geodetic applications

In the field of surveying, mapping and geodesy, there have been a number of works on the error-in-variable (EIV) model with constraints, where equality constraints are imposed on the parameter vector. However, in some cases, these constraints may be inequalities. The EIV model with inequality constraints has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this paper presents an inequality-constrained total least squares (ICTLS) solution for the EIV model with inequality constraints (denoted as ICEIV). Employing the proposed ICTLS method, the ICEIV problem is first converted into an equality-constrained problem by distinguishing the active constraints through exhaustive searching, and it is then resolved employing the method of equality-constrained total least squares (ECTLS). The applicability and feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated in two examples.     

An integrated urban systems model with GIS

The main purpose of this paper is to explore a possible integration for the entire transportation modeling procedure – from data inventory to future demand forecasting – by implementing integrated land use and transportation models with a geographic information system (GIS). In order to make an integrated, procedural modeling system possible, Land Use and Transportation modeling system with GIS (LUTGIS) has been developed and presented in this paper.  There are four sub-systems in LUTGIS: (1) a data inventory system, (2) a traffic analysis zone generation system, (3) an integrated land use and transportation modeling system, and (4) a graphic user interface (GUI) system. Since the main target of this paper is to explore a possible way to create a viable system, LUTGIS integrates currently available and user-friendly computing technologies. For both transportation planners and administrative decision-makers, such an operable system is very desirable for sharing information so they may arrive at a consensus through the use of LUTGIS, an integrated land use and transportation modeling system. Received: 22 October 1998/Accepted 11 July 1999     

An examination of the Galileo NeQuick model: comparison with GPS and JASON TEC

GPS Solutions - We evaluate the performance of Galileo broadcast NeQuick model by comparing it with GPS broadcast Klobuchar and the original NeQuick2 models. The broadcast coefficients of Galileo...     

Robust Kalman filtering with constraints: a case study for integrated navigation

When certain constraints in the kinematic state parameters of a multi-sensor navigation system exist, they should be taken into account for the improvement of the positioning accuracy and reliability. In this paper, two types of robust estimators for integrated and two stages of Kalman filtering with state parameter constraints are derived based on the generalized maximum likelihood Lagrangian condition, respectively. The properties of the two estimators are discussed. The changes of the state estimates and their covariance matrices as well as the residual vector caused by the constraints are derived and analyzed. It is shown by a simulated example that the precision of the state estimates provided by the Kalman filtering with constraints is better than that provided by the Kalman filtering without considering the state parameter constraints; and the robust Kalman filtering with constraints further improves the reliability and robustness of the state estimates.