华北克拉通东部古太平洋板块俯冲与回撤作用:来自辽西兴城地区晚中生代花岗质岩石的记录与启示

目前对于华北克拉通东部晚中生代花岗质岩石的成因仍存在地幔柱、加厚/拆沉下地壳部分熔融、俯冲板片脱水导致地壳熔融等不同认识。辽西兴城地区晚中生代花岗质岩石主要由二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩、花岗斑岩和石英正长岩组成,岩浆成因锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示岩浆活动主要发生于晚侏罗世(156Ma)、早白垩世早期(139Ma)、早白垩世中期(130～125Ma)。岩石地球化学测试分析结果显示岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列且具有富集K、Pb等大离子亲石元素而相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素等活动陆缘岩浆岩特点,表明辽西地区晚中生代岩浆活动的发生与俯冲作用有关。晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期(156～139Ma)花岗质岩石地球化学特征与I型花岗岩类似,同时具有富集的Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=-22.70～-18.66)和古老的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=2387～2767Ma),其初始岩浆可能来源于古老中上地壳的部分熔融;形成于130Ma的花岗质岩石同样具有与I型花岗岩相类似的岩石地球化学特征,但其Hf同位素组成突变为亏损(εHf(t)=+3.64～+6.22、tDM1=537～969Ma),其初始岩浆起源于新元古代新生地壳物质的部分熔融并混入少量亏损地幔物质组分;形成于125Ma的花岗质岩石为碱性A型花岗岩,岩石地球化学特征与其他岩石有所不同,具有负的εHf(t)值(-17.30～-11.56)和相对古老的Hf同位素二阶段年龄(tDM2=1917～2278Ma),初始岩浆可能起源于较为古老的中下地壳部分熔融并有幔源物质的参与。华北克拉通东部形成于160～139Ma的花岗质岩石具有I型、高钾钙碱性、与埃达克质岩石类似的高Sr/Y、低Y含量特征和富集的Hf同位素组成,而形成于130～120Ma的花岗质岩石具有A型、碱性、与典型岛弧岩浆岩类似的岩石地球化学特征和相对亏损的Hf同位素组成,同时晚中生代岩浆活动具有向洋年轻化的特点,表明华北克拉通东部156～139Ma期间可能受到古太平洋板块的持续俯冲作用,而139～130Ma古太平洋俯冲板片开始回撤,130～125Ma进入古太平洋俯冲板片持续回撤导致的强烈区域伸展作用阶段。古太平洋俯冲板片脱水交代岩石圈地幔并形成幔源岩浆,幔源岩浆不断底侵作用于古老/新生地壳使其发生部分熔融为花岗质岩石提供岩浆来源。     

中国东南部晚中生代岩浆作用的深部条件制约

通过对中国东南部区域地质条件的分析和地球物理资料的研究,获得了如下认识：1．区域构造作用和基底物质成分影响并制约着晚中生代岩浆活动,岩浆岩的分区性具有很好的地表与深部一致性;2．按岩浆岩类型可分为三区,即沿海钙碱性中酸性火山－侵入杂岩区、武夷山弱过铝花岗质火山－侵入杂岩区和赣江以西强过铝花岗岩区,三者之间分别被政和－大埔断裂与赣江断裂所分隔;3．在沿海地区,存在局部高导层,推测与拉开裂解有关。玄武岩浆底侵和碱性花岗岩形成与晚白垩世拉张作用关系密切;4．政和－大埔、赣江和长乐－南澳三大断裂是重力梯度带或梯度宿突变带,且深部地球物理存在明显差异,可能是壳幔作用剧烈的场所;5．存在中地壳低速带,厚2－4km,为地壳部分熔融或韧性变形产物,推测是部分晚中生代花岗岩浆的策源地;6．支持中国东南部晚中生代岩浆作用的板块俯冲＋陆内玄武岩浆底侵的成因模式,日本中央构造线－台湾纵谷带是中生代太平洋板块朝东亚陆缘消减的俯冲带和缝合带。     

中国东南部晚中生代构造伸展作用——来自海南岛基性岩墙群的证据

论文在系统地分析了海南岛文市、叉河、三亚地区的三处基性岩墙群的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征的基础上,探讨了岩墙群的来源和其反映的地球动力学背景。文市岩墙群形成于约101Ma,叉河和三亚岩墙群形成于约93Ma;主量元素化学特征显示它们属碱性系列,微量元素化学特征为富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti);Sr-Nd同位素组分显示其源区具有EMⅡ特征。这两期岩墙群的存在,显示了海南岛地区在早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世早期存在两次构造伸展事件。海南岛90Ma左右的岩墙群与广东、福建同时代的岩墙群构成中国东南沿海90Ma广泛发育的、呈近北北东向展布的岩墙群带,它们具有相同成因机制,指示中国东南部在90Ma左右时经历了强烈区域性拉张作用;这些岩墙群虽来源于不同的地幔源区,但均与俯冲流体交代作用有关。     

Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous volcanism of Hong Kong: Insights from the Ping Chau Formation

The vast expanse of Mesozoic igneous rocks in Hong Kong contain important geological records of late Mesozoic magmatic events and tectonic processes from the coastal region of Southeast China. Of these,the Ping Chau Formation in the northwestern New Territories is the youngest known stratum. We perform a detailed study of the volcanic rocks of the Ping Chau Formation utilizing zircon U-Pb dating,with major and trace elements geochemistry. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data reveal Early Cretaceous age from two volcanic rock samples, with zircon crystallization from magmas at 140.3 ± 0.8 Ma and 139.3 ± 0.9 Ma,respectively. These rocks have high contents of total alkalis(Na_2O + K_2O = 5.58-9.45 wt.%), high-field-strength elements and light rare earth elements, conspicuous negative Eu anomalies, and depletions in Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, Ba and P. Using this data, in combination with previous studies on the late Mesozoic volcanic belt in Southeast China, we propose that the volcanic rocks of the Ping Chau Formation probably originated from deep melting of the crust in a back-arc extensional setting induced by the subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. This formation represents the final stages of Early Cretaceous volcanic activity in Hong Kong, as associated with large-scale lithospheric extension, thinning and magmatism. Our results provide new information that can be used in evaluating the significance of Early Cretaceous volcanism and tectonics in Southeast China.     

华北克拉通东北缘岩石圈深部物质组成的不均一性: 来自吉林南部中生代火山岩元素及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的证据

本文报导了吉林南部果松组和三棵榆树组火山岩的全岩K-Ar和角闪石40Ar/39Ar定年结果和岩石地球化学资料,并讨论了吉林南部早白垩世火山岩岩浆源区性质以及空间变异.定年结果显示,果松组和三棵榆树组火山岩的形成时代分别为130.2±0.3Ma和118.3±1.9Ma.果松组火山岩主要由玄武岩-玄武质粗面安山岩-粗面安山岩-英安岩组成;它们的SiO2含量介于46%～64%,Mg#介于31～50之间,Al2O3含量介于14.9%～18.9%之间,全碱含量(Na2O+K2O)介于4.61%～9.23%之间,属于亚碱性系列,具钙碱性演化趋势;并以富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和轻稀土元素(LREEs),亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSEs)为特征;(87Sr/88Sr)i值和εNd(t)值分别介于0.7065～0.7077和-2.67～-19.71之间.果松组火山岩的成分具有较好的空间变异趋势,由东向西,火山岩的基性程度增高,东部果松组火山岩具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值,而西部具有较低的εNd(t)值.三棵榆树组火山岩由粗面安山岩和粗面英安岩组成;三棵榆树组火山岩的SiO2含量介于55.5%～65.8%之间,Mg#介于42～50,Al2O3含量介于15.0%～15.7%,全碱含量偏高(Na2O+K2O=6.93%～9.24%),主体属于亚碱性系列,具钙碱性系列的演化趋势;并以较高的Th/U(5.36～5.82)、Ba/Nb(50.2～120.0)、(La/Yb)N(32.9～47.9)和Sr/Y(50.0～72.4)比值为特征;它们的(87Sr/86Sr)i值和εnd(t)值分别变化于0.7056～0.7057和-8.99～-19.71之间.上述特征揭示,果松组火山岩(130Ma)的形成主要与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关,岩浆来源于受流体/熔体交代的地幔楔,东西部受到不同程度陆壳物质的混染.与果松组火山岩相比,三棵榆树组火山岩(118Ma)形成于俯冲背景下的相对引张环境,岩浆来源于受交代的岩石圈地幔,但受到深部陆壳物质的混染.     

江绍断裂带晚中生代镁铁质火山岩成因及其深部过程意义

本文对沿江绍断裂带的江山和浦江两地区中生代镁铁质火山岩进行了Ar-Ar年代学、岩石学和元素-同位素地球化学研究。Ar-Ar年代学结果显示,江山玄武岩的形成年龄约为99Ma,为晚白垩世喷发产物;浦江玄武岩和玄武质安山岩的喷发时间为111～112Ma,属于早白垩世。两区中生代镁铁质火山岩都为中钾钙碱性系列,根据其地球化学指标可划分为三组:第1组为江山OIB型玄武岩,在微量元素组成上无Nb-Ta亏损和Pb负异常,高ε_(Nd)(t)和低(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值,总体上显示出类似洋岛玄武岩的元素-同位素组成特征;第2组为高钛磷玄武岩,Nb-Ta弱负异常和明显Pb正异常,中等ε_(Nd)(t)和(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值;第3组为低钛磷玄武岩,强烈Nb-Ta负异常和中等Pb正异常,低ε_(Nd)(t)(-6.0～-3.7)和高(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为特征。三组镁铁质火山岩相互之间缺乏分异演化关系,也不是同一母岩浆经历地壳混染作用的结果。对比三组镁铁质火山岩的La/Nb、Ba/Nb、Zr/Ba比值和Sr-Nd同位素模拟结果,我们认为江绍断裂带晚中生代玄武岩为软流圈-岩石圈相互作用的产物,从早期(111～112Ma)到晚期(99Ma)镁铁质岩浆地幔源区软流圈组分的比例越来越多而岩石圈成份逐渐减少的趋势。考虑到该区晚中生代的盆岭构造格局与邻区郴州-临武断裂带同时期镁铁质岩浆的产出特点,华南地区在早白垩世晚期到晚白垩世期间发生了强烈的岩石圈伸展-减薄作用。     

Oxidized Late Mesozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton: A clue to understanding cratonic destruction

Despite the critical influence of oxidation state on the geochemical and geodynamic evolution of Earth, its impact on the longevity of cratons is poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the redox state of the Late Mesozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the eastern North China Craton (NCC), which was destroyed during the Phanerozoic. We report the occurrence of high-Fo olivine (Fo > 87, where Fo = atomic Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺)) within Early Cretaceous basalts; these olivines show extremely low Ti (<60 ppm) contents, high δ¹⁸O (5.8‰–7.2‰) values, and relatively cool crystallization temperatures (1125 to 1218 °C). These features support derivation of the lavas from highly refractory and cold SCLM. The relatively low partition coefficients of vanadium between olivine and whole rocks (0.019–0.025) indicate a high fO₂ for the Early Cretaceous basalts and their mantle sources (ΔQFM = +1.0 and ΔQFM = +1.5, respectively), and, consequently, an oxidized Late Mesozoic SCLM beneath the eastern NCC. The high degree of oxidation of the mantle was caused by the ingress of hydrous melts and/or fluids released from a subducting slab during the Phanerozoic. We propose that oxidization of the SCLM softened the mantle, which triggered the removal of the cratonic root beneath the eastern NCC. The results highlight the crucial role of oxidation state in craton stability.     

满洲鳄:中国辽宁晚中生代半水生爬行动物

发现于辽宁西部凌源晚侏罗世 /早白垩世非海相义县组中的满洲鳄 ( Monjurosuchus)化石新材料 ,为解决其系统位置这一长久争议的问题提供了确切的实物依据 :满洲鳄为双孔型离鳄类 ( Choristodera)爬行动物中一较原始成员。保存精美的、独一无二的表皮构造使我们对该类中生代爬行动物的外表特征有了新的认识。满洲鳄四足具蹼 ,它至少是半水生的。     

Mineral inclusions in diamonds track the evolution of a Mesozoic subducted slab beneath West Gondwanaland

Three major suites of silicate inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds show evidence of formation at depths > 250 km, and for each suite there is evidence of their formation from subducted material. Two of these are the well known basic (majoritic garnet) and ultrabasic (MgSi-perovskite + ferropericlase) suites. The third, the recently recognised Ca-rich suite, is characterised by carbonate, Ca-Si-Ti minerals and some aluminous material. Carbon isotope ratios in the host diamonds and geochemical-petrological features of the inclusions themselves provide evidence for their derivation from subducted lithosphere materials. The diamonds hosting the basic and ultrabasic suites are suggested to form in fluids/melts resulting from the release of water caused by dehydration reactions affecting both the crustal and mantle portions of a subducting slab of ocean lithosphere. Conversely, the diamonds containing the Ca-rich suite are linked with the formation of carbonatitic melts. In the Juina kimberlite province of Brazil, all three suites have been found in close proximity. A model is presented whereby the formation of the suites occurs progressively during the subduction and stagnation of a single lithospheric slab, with all three suites being transported to the lithosphere by a plume with which the carbonatitic melts of the Ca-rich suite are associated. Nd-Sr isotopic data are presented for the Juina majoritic-garnet inclusions, which supports their formation from oceanic crust of Mesozoic age. In conjunction with published age data for a Ca-Si-Ti inclusion, the Juina (Brazil) sublithospheric inclusions document a series of events involving diamond formation during and following the emplacement of a subducted slab between ca 190 and 90 Ma beneath west Gondwanaland. This slab and related subducted slabs dating from the Palaeozoic at the Gondwanan margin may be the source of the widespread DUPAL geochemical anomaly in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The kimberlites bringing the diamonds to the Earth's surface may have arisen from a superplume, developed from a graveyard of former Gondwanan stagnant slabs, at the Core-Mantle-Boundary.     

The Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution and magmatic history of west Zhejiang,SE China: implications for regional metallogeny

The granitoids and related polymetallic mineralization in the Zhejiang Province at the southeast margin of the Yangtze Block in China provide an important window to evaluate metallogeny associated with convergent margin magmatism. Here, we present geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data from the granitic rocks of west Zhejiang, to constrain the timing of transformation of the tectonic setting of this region from volcanic arc to intra-plate during Late Mesozoic and its bearing on regional metallogeny. The granitic rocks in west Zhejiang can be geochemically subdivided into two groups. The first group is characterized by relatively steep rare earth element (REE) patterns with slight Eu anomalies, high Sr, low Yb, and negative Nb–Ta–Ti (NTT) anomalies, indicating a volcanic arc environment with a thickened crust in a convergent setting. The second group is featured by flat REE patterns with prominent negative Eu anomalies, low Sr, high Yb, and weak NTT anomalies, suggesting an intra-plate extensional environment with a thin crust. The geochronology of granitic rocks in west Zhejiang, combined with ages of regional tectonic basins and nappe structures, constrains the timing of the tectonic transformation to be in the range from 150 to 140 Ma. Sr–Nd isotopic data and a positive correlation displayed by oxygen fugacity (fO₂), and La/Sm and Ba/Th ratios (proxies of subducted sediments and slab dehydration fluids) suggest that the high oxygen fugacity is probably related to the melting of subducted sediments and slab dehydration. From 180 to 80 Ma, due to the increasing dip angle of the subducted Izanagi Plate, the volcanic arc belt migrated oceanward, leaving most of the interior of Zhejiang Province under an intra-plate environment where insufficient subducted components and upwelling mantle generated reduced magmas which were not favorable for Cu–Mo mineralization. Our model provides a plausible explanation for the absence of Cu–Mo porphyry deposits in the adjacent region of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui provinces (Zhe-Gan-Wan region) after 140 Ma.     

Subduction-related 200 Ma Talun metagranite,SE Taiwan: an age constraint for palaeo-Pacific plate subduction beneath South China Block during the Mesozoic

Various tectonic models have been proposed to account for the widely distributed igneous activities in the southeastern part of the South China Block (SCB) during the Triassic–Jurassic period. One of the major contending debates is on the timing of initiation of the palaeo-Pacific plate subduction under the SCB, due to lack of unequivocal evidence for arc magmatism during the period in this region.

The 191 ± 10 Ma (N = 5, MSWD = 12) calc-alkalic high-K I-type Talun metagranite occurs in the southern Tailuko belt of the Tananao metamorphic complex, Taiwan. In terms of age, this metagranite belongs to the Early Yanshanian igneous activity in the southeastern part of the SCB. However, its geographic position does not accord with the well-known general oceanward younging trend of the Yansnanian igneous rocks. In view of the large age uncertainty reported, this metagranite is redated in this study. Some zircons of this metagranite are high in U content and are metamict. Zircons with low U contents are analysed by SHRIMP yielding a more precise age of 200 ± 2 Ma (N = 10, MSWD = 4). In particular, the εHf(t) of these dated zircons ranges from +4.5 to +12.9. The metagranite mainly consists of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, with minor amounts of garnet, biotite, zircon, apatite, and pyrrhotite. Chlorite and calcite are secondary phases overprinted by the later tectonic event(s). Its initial Sr isotope compositional range is 0.70473–0.70588, and εNd(t), +2.4 to +3.6. The results demonstrate that the genesis of this metagranite could be attributed to the assimilation-fractionation of a depleted mantle-derived basaltic magma, which was most likely related to arc magmatism. The present study therefore offers key evidence that during the Mesozoic, the palaeo-Pacific plate subduction underneath the SCB would have taken place no later than the very early Jurassic.     

Late Pliocene–Quaternary tectonics in the frontal part of the SE Carpathians: Insights from tectonic geomorphology

The Romanian East Carpathians display large-scale heterogeneities along the mountain belt, unusual foredeep geometries, significant post-collisional and neotectonic activity, and major variations in topography, mostly developed in the aftermath of late Miocene (Sarmatian; 11 Ma) subduction/underthrusting and continental collision between the East European/Scythian/Moesian foreland and the inner Carpathians Tisza-Dacia unit. In particular, the SE corner of the arcuate orogenic belt represents the place of still active large-scale differential vertical movements between the uplifting mountain chain and the subsiding Focşani foredeep basin. In this key area, we have analysed the configuration of the present day landforms and the drainage patterns in order to quantify the amplitude, timing and kinematics of these post-collisional late Pliocene–Quaternary vertical movements. A river network is incising in the upstream a high topography consisting of the external Carpathians nappes and the Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene sediments of the foreland. Further eastwards in the downstream, this network is cross-cutting a low topography consisting of the Middle Pleistocene–Holocene sediments of the foreland. Geological observations and well-preserved geomorphic features demonstrate a complex succession of geological structures. The late Pliocene–Holocene tectonic evolution is generally characterised by coeval uplift in the mountain chain and subsidence in the foreland. At a more detailed scale, these vertical movements took place in pulses of accelerated motion, with laterally variable amplitude both in space and in time. After a first late Pliocene uplifting period, subsidence took place during the Earliest Pleistocene resulting in a basal Quaternary unconformity. This was followed by two, quantifiable periods of increased uplift, which affected the studied area at the transition between the Carpathians orogen and the Focşani foreland basin in the late Early Pleistocene and the late Middle to late Pleistocene. Both large-scale deformation events affected the western Focşani basin flank, tilting the entire structure with 9° during the late Early Pleistocene and uplifted it as a block during the early Late Pleistocene. The late Early Pleistocene tilting resulted in 750 m uplift near the frontal monocline and by extrapolation in a presumed 3000 m uplift near the central parts of the Carpathians. The late Middle to late Pleistocene cumulative uplift reaches 250 m and correlates with a contemporaneous progradation of the uplifted areas towards the Focşani Basin. The uplifting events are separated by a second Quaternary unconformity. On the whole, the late Pliocene–Quaternary evolution of the Carpathians orogen/Focşani basin structure indicate large-scale differential uplift during the latest stages of a continuous post-collisional orogenic evolution.     

A Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific region: Tectonics controlled by subduction and slab rollback processes

A Cenozoic tectonic reconstruction is presented for the Southwest Pacific region located east of Australia. The reconstruction is constrained by large geological and geophysical datasets and recalculated rotation parameters for Pacific–Australia and Lord Howe Rise–Pacific relative plate motion. The reconstruction is based on a conceptual tectonic model in which the large-scale structures of the region are manifestations of slab rollback and backarc extension processes. The current paradigm proclaims that the southwestern Pacific plate boundary was a west-dipping subduction boundary only since the Middle Eocene. The new reconstruction provides kinematic evidence that this configuration was already established in the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. From ∼ 82 to ∼ 52 Ma, subduction was primarily accomplished by east and northeast-directed rollback of the Pacific slab, accommodating opening of the New Caledonia, South Loyalty, Coral Sea and Pocklington backarc basins and partly accommodating spreading in the Tasman Sea. The total amount of east-directed rollback of the Pacific slab that took place from ∼ 82 Ma to ∼ 52 Ma is estimated to be at least 1200 km. A large percentage of this rollback accommodated opening of the South Loyalty Basin, a north–south trending backarc basin. It is estimated from kinematic and geological constraints that the east–west width of the basin was at least ∼ 750 km. The South Loyalty and Pocklington backarc basins were subducted in the Eocene to earliest Miocene along the newly formed New Caledonia and Pocklington subduction zones. This culminated in southwestward and southward obduction of ophiolites in New Caledonia, Northland and New Guinea in the latest Eocene to earliest Miocene. It is suggested that the formation of these new subduction zones was triggered by a change in Pacific–Australia relative motion at ∼ 50 Ma. Two additional phases of eastward rollback of the Pacific slab followed, one during opening of the South Fiji Basin and Norfolk Basin in the Oligocene to Early Miocene (up to ∼ 650 km of rollback), and one during opening of the Lau Basin in the latest Miocene to Present (up to ∼ 400 km of rollback). Two new subduction zones formed in the Miocene, the south-dipping Trobriand subduction zone along which the Solomon Sea backarc Basin subducted and the north-dipping New Britain–San Cristobal–New Hebrides subduction zone, along which the Solomon Sea backarc Basin subducted in the west and the North Loyalty–South Fiji backarc Basin and remnants of the South Loyalty–Santa Cruz backarc Basin subducted in the east. Clockwise rollback of the New Hebrides section resulted in formation of the North Fiji Basin. The reconstruction provides explanations for the formation of new subduction zones and for the initiation and termination of opening of the marginal basins by either initiation of subduction of buoyant lithosphere, a change in plate kinematics or slab–mantle interaction.     

中国东北东部中生代火山活动与泛太平洋板块

长白山脉中生代火山岩带与东侧之洋陆边界平行展布。火山岩浆作用可划分为三大构造阶段(2 30~ 190Ma ,178~ 12 5Ma ,118~ 6 5Ma) ,四大旋回 ,11个旋回和 2 4个火山事件。由安粗岩系和钙碱性岩系组成的一个新的火山岩浆作用构造类型 ,称之为走滑大陆边缘—拉分张裂性火山岩系。洋陆板块互动方式的更迭及速率的变化是火山岩浆作用地球动力学深部发展过程的主控因素。     

华北中、新生代岩石圈地幔的交代作用：含金云母地幔岩提供的证据

本文对华北克拉通三个不同地区（河北汉诺坝、内蒙古集宁三义堂、河南鹤壁）新发现的含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石橄榄单斜辉石岩捕虏体进行了详细的矿物组成、单斜辉石的微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素研究.通过与相同地区不含金云母尖晶石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的系统对比发现通常含金云母的地幔橄榄岩比不含金云母的地幔橄榄岩岩富Al2O3、CaO、NaO、K2O、TiO2,但相对贫镁;其单斜辉石的LREE更为富集,但Sr、Nd同位素组成则相对亏损.这说明地幔交代作用不仅能够造成地幔橄榄岩的玄武质组分和稀土元素的富集,而且亦能够造成全岩和橄榄石Mg#的降低和同位素组成的相对亏损.捕虏体的Rb-Sr等时线年龄暗示地幔交代作用发生在中、新生代;其交代熔体来源于软流圈.同时说明华北新生代岩石圈地幔普遍存在的主、微量元素和同位素组成类似于“大洋型”岩石圈地幔的特征很可能是岩石圈地幔橄榄岩与软流圈来源的熔体的大规模反应的结果,而非真正意义上的新增生的岩石圈地幔.     

Taxonomy and Stratigraphy of Late Mesozoic Anurans and Urodeles from China

Three anurans (Callobatrachus sanyanensis, Liaobatrachus grabaui, Mesophryne beipiaoensis) and six urodeles (Laccotriton subsolanus, Liaoxitriton zhongjiani, Jeholotriton paradoxus, Sinerpeton fengshanensis, Chunerpeton tianyiensis, Liaoxitriton daohugouensis) are reported from the late Mesozoic tuff-interbedded lacustrine deposits (mostly of the Jehol Group) in northeastern China. They document the first discovery of Chinese Mesozoic lissamphibians, and their old geological age, superb preservation condition, and large taxoncmic diversity are unique compared with other findings worldwide. The anurans occupy a higher evolutionary position than typical Jurassic taxa, supporting a post-Late Jurassic age of the fossil horizons. The urodeles all have unicapitate ribs, suggesting an evolutionary grade at the cryptobranchoid level, and are advanced in osteological features over non-urodeles from the Middle and Upper Jurassic in England and Central Asia. Some urodeles (Jeholotriton and Chunerpeton) exhibit neot     

闽西武夷山建宁—泰宁地区白垩纪火山-沉积序列:对华南东部晚中生代构造演化的制约

闽西武夷山建宁—泰宁地区发育2套白垩纪火山-沉积序列,构成2个火山-沉积旋回,每套序列由下部火山岩和上部沉积岩地层组成.锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学分析显示,早期中酸性火山岩喷发时代为早白垩世141～135 Ma,具有陆缘火山弧的地球化学亲缘性,并富集Hf同位素(-20.2～1.9);而晚期火山岩活动集中在早、晚白垩世...     

Secular evolution of the lithosphere beneath the eastern North China Craton: evidence from Mesozoic basalts and high-Mg andesites

Geochemical and isotopic data from Mesozoic lavas from the Jianguo, Niutoushan, Wulahada, and Guancaishan volcanic fields on the northern margin of the North China Craton provide evidence for secular lithospheric evolution of the region. Jianguo lavas are alkaline basalts with LILE- and LREE-enrichment ((La/Yb)_N=12.2-13.2) and MORB-like Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i<0.704; ε_Nd=3.9-4.8; (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i≈18). Niutoushan basalts are similar but show evidence of olivine fractionation. Wulahada lavas are high-Mg andesites (Mg#∼67) with EM1 Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic signatures. Geochemical data suggest that the basalts originated from MORB-type asthenosphere whereas the high-Mg andesites were derived an EM1 mantle source, i.e., a refractory lithospheric mantle modified by a previously subducted slab. The result, combined with the available data of the Mesozoic basalts from the southern portion of the NCC (Zhang et al., 2002), manifests a vast secular evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern NCC from the Paleozoic refractory continental lithosphere to this Mesozoic modified lithosphere. Compared with the cratonic margin, the lithospheric mantle beneath the center of the craton was less extensively modified, implying the secular evolution was related to the subduction processes surrounding the NCC. Therefore, we suggest that the interaction of the slab-derived silicic melt with the old refractory lithospheric mantle converted the Paleozoic cratonic lithospheric mantle into the late Mesozoic fertile mantle, which was also different from the Cenozoic counterpart. A geodynamic model is proposed to illustrate such a secular lithosphere evolution.     

The influence of volcanism on paleoclimate in the northeast of China： Insights from Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China

Just like contemporary sediments, peat itself is a good repository of information about climate change, the effects of volcanic activity on climate change have been truly recorded in peat, since it is a major archive of volcanic eruption incidents. A section of sand was identified as tephra from the Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China, for the grains look like slag with surface bubbles and pits, characterized by high porosity, and loose structure with irregular edges and corners. According to the peat characteristics of uniform deposition, the tephra was dated at 2002–1976 a B.P. by way of linear interpolation, so the time of volcanic eruption was 15 B.C.–26 A.D. (the calibrated age). While the geochemical characteristics of tephra in this study are quite the same as those of tephra from the Jinlongdingzi volcano at Longgang and from alkaline basaltic magma, with the contents of SiO₂<55%, and the similar contents to Al₂O₃ and Fe, but the contents of Na₂O>K₂O. We speculated that the tephra in this study came from the Longgang volcano group. Compared with 11 recorded volcanic eruption events as shown on the carbon and oxygen isotope curves of the Jinchuan peat cellulose, it is obviously seen that adjacent or large-scale volcanic eruptions are precisely corresponding to the minimum temperature and humidity. It seems that these volcanic eruptions indeed affected the local climate, leading to the drop of regional temperature and humidity. As a result, there was prevailing a cold and dry climate there, and all these changes can be well recorded in peat. So the comparison of volcanic eruption events with information about climate change developed from peat, can provide strong evidence for the impact of volcanism on climate change.