地理教学质量与课堂心理环境

地理教学质量是地理教师的劳动成果,它最终由学生的地理学习质量来体现.学生的地理学习质量是地理学习活动的成果,受到地理课堂心理环境的严重影响.在健康和谐的地理课堂心理环境中,学生会积极主动地参与地理学习,并显示出较高的智能水平,大大提高地理的学习质量.相反,则会不同程度地降低地理学习质量.由于地理教师本人的原因和社会、学校的原因,中学的地理课堂心理环境问题较多,影响了地理教学的质量.在一定程度上解决这些问题,优化地理课堂心理环境,通过地理教师的努力是可以做到的.     

巧用学生作品 上好初中地理第一课

初中地理第一课对于培养学生地理学习兴趣至关重要。利用学生手绘校园地图优秀作品来进行第一课的教学,教学内容来自于学生,发源于生活,能激发学生的学习兴趣。通过挖掘图中蕴含的地理信息,初步培养了学生的综合思维,树立了学习地理的信心,充分调动了学生的课堂积极性,为今后地理学习和地理核心素养的培养奠定了良好基础。     

中学地理课堂教学行为的研究与分析

本研究对中学地理课堂教学中的教师行为和学生行为进行分类、编码,并对18节中学地理公开课和研究课中的相关教学行为进行定量分析。研究发现,地理课堂教学在一定程度上体现了新课改的理念,教师努力改进课堂评价的方式,在课堂上较为关注学生的学习反应,呈现师生互动的倾向;教师在课堂中占据主导地位,讲解行为是地理课堂的一种主要教学方式;课堂中学生主动发起的行为很少,学生的接受式学习行为多于产生式学习行为。     

“大规模的海水运动”一节的研究性学习

一、网上搜集资料 在课堂上开展研究性学习，受到时空环境的限制，无法安排学生当堂搜集、整理研究所需的各种信息资料。因此，搜集地理信息资料及初步分析的工作必须在课前完成，否则将难以解决时间的有限性与研究性学习内容的开放性这一对矛盾。作为研究性学习的前奏，搜集、整理地理信息资料是学生学习能力的重要表现。人教版高中地理“大规模的海水运动”一节，要求学生课前以学习小组为单元，上网查阅并下载洋流与地理环境关系的实例，并从洋流对气候、海洋生物、海洋污染、航运等方面的影响，将实例进行分类整理，并力求简明扼要。     

“先学后导问题引领”模式的地理教学实践——以“水资源”一节为例

以初中地理＂水资源＂一节为教学内容,实践＂先学后导问题引领＂教学模式,通过实施课前教师＂导＂与学生＂学＂、课中教师＂引＂与学生＂探＂、课后教师＂领＂与学生＂悟＂的三个教学环节,确立了地理课堂中学生的主体地位,提升了学生的地理学习能力,提高了地理课堂的教学效率。     

“工业的区位选择”一节的探究性学习

课堂上的探究性学习，需要大量相关的地理信息资料。由于受时空环境的限制，无法安排学生当堂搜集、整理探究所需的各种信息资料，因此搜集资料及初步分析的工作必须在课前完成。否则将难以解决时间的有限性与探究性学习内容的开放性这一对矛盾。作为探究性学习的前奏，搜集、整理地理信息资料是学生学习能力的重要表现；同时也是很好的课前预习。     

疫情背景下契入思维导图的初中地理在线翻转课堂

新冠疫情背景下,为激发学生在线学习的兴趣,创建更加高效的在线课堂,本文基于钉钉直播平台和iMindMap软件,契入思维导图教学工具构建初中地理在线翻转课堂,为后疫情时代的初中地理在线教学模式提供实践参考。     

深度学习视角下的高中地理课堂活动实践探究 ——以"热力环流"为例

课堂活动是培育学生核心素养的重要载体,而课堂活动中的深度学习是地理学科核心素养培育的有效途径。本文以“热力环流”一课的课堂活动为例,分析深度学习视角下高中地理课堂活动的有效实践。     

混合式教学模式在中学地理课程中的探索——以人教版“行政区划”为例

混合式教学模式是既能发挥教师在课堂中的启发、引导与监控作用又能提高学生参与度、体现个性化学习的一种教学模式。目前中学地理课堂仍强调死记硬背,学生学习的主观能动性不强。为了实现地理课堂的高效性,笔者应用新型智慧教学工具——“雨课堂”,通过中学地理教学实例说明实现混合式教学的基本路径,包括课前准备、课堂应用以及课后统计。     

将网络地理信息资源融入到地理教学中

MapStatsforKids是美国联邦政府专门为14～16岁的中学生开发的一个学习网站。该网站旨在通过图文声并茂的网络文本和富有趣味性的在线学习游戏,教会学生分析各种统计数据、图表与地图,并将其应用到日常生活中,从而提高地理素养。我国的地理教师可以根据实际情况,从MapStatsforKids上选择新颖实用的地理信息资源,自然融人到地理教学中,为地理课堂增光添彩。     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.