胶州湾基岩类型与分布特征研究

基于钻孔岩心、浅层地震剖面和海洋磁力等资料,研究了胶州湾内海底基岩的类型、分布、埋深和工程力学性质等特征.结果表明,胶州湾基岩类型与相邻陆域基本一致,主要包括中生界莱阳群粗粒碎屑岩、青山群火山岩、王氏群细粒碎屑岩以及燕山晚期花岗岩类.各种类型基岩的分布大致是周边陆域基岩向海域的延伸,其中莱阳群分布在湾中西部;青山群分布较为分散,包括红岛以南、大沽河口外以及团岛和薛家岛之间的湾口地区;王氏群主要分布在湾北部和西部;花岗岩类分布在青岛-黄岛渡口一带和黄岛前湾.大部分区域基岩埋深在30 m以上,总体呈现东深西浅、南深北浅的格局.湾内基岩埋深变化特征表现出与陆地基岩的延续性,是构造和岩性等因素共同作用的结果,并影响了现今的湾底地貌形态.基岩的岩性和风化程度是决定其物理力学性质的主要因素.     

井一震结合进行高分辨率层序地层划分——以南苏门答腊盆地N油田U组为例

N油田U组上段地层发育粉砂岩和钙质泥页岩的三角洲前缘一浅海过渡相,多变的沉积相加大了小层对比的难度。针对此特点,结合层序地层学理论以及地震地层学的理论与研究方法,进行井一震结合对比划分地层,利用地震资料和标准层控制,构建大套地层等时格架;然后运用地震反射轴的等时性结合沉积旋回在地层格架内对比小层,确定研究区80口井6个分界界面。建立了区域高分辨率层序地层格架,形成了可容纳空间控制下的高级次层序格架建立的技术方法。     

天津塘沽地区海河断裂的浅部构造特征

基于在海河上开展水上人工地震探测获得的高分辨率浅部声学地震剖面,结合钻孔获得的年代地层资料,对海河断裂在天津塘沽地区的浅部地层结构和断层活动特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,天津塘沽地区晚第四纪地层中的4个海相层具有层位稳定、地震相易于连续追踪的特点。在声学地震剖面上,自河底R0向下可识别出R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8和R9反射波组界面,可分别作为全新世陆相层、第Ⅰ海相层、海陆交互相地层、第Ⅱ陆相层、第Ⅱ海相层、第Ⅲ陆相层、第Ⅲ海相层、第Ⅳ陆相层、第Ⅳ海相层等地层单元之间的界限。此外,研究证实海河断裂在天津塘沽地区的上断点位于河面以下50~55 ms深处,与钻孔资料基本吻合,海河断裂的最新活动时间大约在晚更新世晚期。     

大川中地区须家河组二、四段地震相与沉积相研究

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组油气勘探开始于20世纪40年代,其中须二段、须四段是主要探目的层段,也是盆地周边地区寻找新气源最有利层位之一.依据地震地层学方法和理论,结合钻井与测井资料,将大川中地区须家河组划分成7个地震层序边界,分别为SB1-SB7,与之对应6个最大湖泛面,分别为MFS1-MFS6,并对层序界面的地震反射特征进行了总结.利用地震反射内部结构、外部形态和反射波终止类型,在大川中地区须家河组须二段与四段内共识别出平行—亚平行、前积、丘状、透镜状及发散状地震反射特征等5种地震相,并对18条二维地震测线进行了剖面地震相的综合解释,编制了须二段与四段的地震相平面分布图.通过地震相与沉积相的转换,分别划分出冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲以及湖泊等沉积体系,编制了大川中地区须家河组二段与四段沉积相平面图,对大川中地区须家河组构造格局的演化规律进行了分析.     

南海中建南盆地速度资料分析与应用

在大量速度谱解释的基础上,分别计算了南海中建南盆地的层速度、时深转换和砂岩百分含量,并对盆地5套地层的层速度平面图进行了分析。结果表明,中部坳陷的层速度最大,北部坳陷和南部坳陷次之,北部隆起的层速度最小,反映了地层的构造走势;利用砂岩百分含量资料进行岩性分析,发现西北部和西南部的砂岩百分含量大于75%,属于砂岩相沉积,推测盆地的物源主要来自西北和西南方向,为沉积相解释和油气资源评价提供了依据。     

东非坦桑尼亚盆地油气地质特征与勘探前景

近几年,东非海岸坦桑尼亚盆地发现了14个大中型气田,使得坦桑尼亚成为全球深水油气勘探的焦点。以收集到的盆地最新地质基础资料和油气田资料为依据,归纳总结该盆地构造沉积演化特征,分析烃源岩、储集层、盖层及含油气系统特征,预测其勘探前景。研究认为,盆地发育3套烃源岩,主力烃源岩为中上侏罗统页岩、下白垩统三角洲相页岩和上白垩统海相页岩。主要储层是下白垩统河流三角洲砂岩以及上白垩统、古新统和渐新统的深水水道砂岩。潜在储层包括卡鲁群河流三角洲砂岩、中侏罗统砂岩和灰岩。盆地内具有优良盖层质量的黏土岩层序出现在整个侏罗系—新近系地层,形成了区域和层间盖层。陆上及浅水区以构造成藏组合为主;深水区以重力流砂体在陆坡形成的构造—地层成藏组合为主。勘探的目标应着重于白垩纪以来重力流砂砾沉积物及河道充填沉积物形成的斜坡扇和海底扇。     

南海北部西沙海槽盆地新生代层序地层及地震相北大核心CSCD

西沙海槽盆地是南海北部陆坡西段的一个勘探程度较低的大型新生代深水沉积盆地。基于新采集的高精度多道地震资料并结合周边地区地质特征对盆地进行了层序地层分析,在研究区内识别出8个地震反射界面,结合地震剖面振幅旋回性变化,将研究区新生代地层划分了3个超层序和8个层序,并进一步论述了各层序的顶底接触关系、地震反射特征、地层厚度、层速度及砂岩含量等。在层序格架内识别出5类典型的地震相:平行-亚平行相、楔状发散相、前积相、杂乱相及水道充填相。在地震相划分和沉积相分析的基础上,通过对各层序沉积特征和沉积发育史的分析,认为始新世研究区呈现出陆相湖盆沉积体系特征;渐新世,盆地遭受海侵,研究区接受滨海相和浅海相沉积;早中新世,盆地中部沉积大规模半深海相沉积;中中新世末海平面出现下降,陆坡半深海环境的范围有所减小,西沙海槽浊积水道的雏形形成;晚中新世之后,研究区进入稳定的区域沉降阶段,主要发育了一套半深海-深海相泥岩沉积。此外,由研究区南北缘隆起区提供物源在层序内部还发育有近岸水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲等沉积体,由地形高差控制作用在陡坡带或断层下降盘还形成了斜坡扇、浊积体。     

东格陵兰陆架油气地质特征及勘探潜力

东格陵兰陆架深水盆地群是目前深水油气勘探的热点地区之一,但勘探程度还很低。以收集到的东格陵兰陆架的最新地质基础资料和油气田资料为依据研究发现,研究区主力烃源岩为上侏罗统Hareelv组海相页岩和下侏罗统KapStewart组三角洲相泥页岩,主力储层为中侏罗统浅海相砂岩和白垩系深海浊积砂岩,发育陆生海储海盖型和海生海储海盖型两大类生储盖组合,圈闭主要为伸展构造圈闭、地垒断块圈闭、盐构造圈闭以及地层圈闭等。东格陵兰陆架油气成藏条件优越,资源潜力巨大,储量约为323.4亿桶油当量,待发现油气田约300个。     

东海陆架晚第四纪层序地层及其沉积环境

受全球性气候变化影响,晚第四纪以来东海陆架经历了多次海平面升降过程,在沉积地层中留下了明显的地质记录。根据穿越东海陆架的浅地震剖面解释研究,海底以下约120ms时间深度内可识别出6个主层序反射界面,即QT0、QT1、QT2、QT3、QT4和QT5界面,5套反射层序(反射波组),据反射层序的结构及地震相特征和与区内的钻孔地质资料对比分析,可见每套反射层序在沉积环境上均由一个海进海退沉积序列组成。以层序地层学为理论基础,在对中更新世以来的地层层序及其沉积环境条件分析研究基础上,建立了东海陆架晚第四纪地层层序及其发育模式,以期为东海陆架区晚第四纪地层发育层序提供初步认识。     

黄河三角洲冰-泥(沙)互层及其产出的沉积构造

冬季,黄河三角洲独特的水文条件和气候环境形成了大量冰 泥互层的特殊现象。按成因,黄河三角洲上冰 泥互层可分为沉积型和侵蚀充填型两种。冬末春初,当气温回升,冰层融化,在冰 泥互层区可以形成3种特殊的、未见报道的沉积构造:冰成泥沙笋、冰成豆粒和冰融水滴坑。这些沉积构造和冰 泥互层区遗迹是冰 泥互层现象重要的地质记录,可用以指导古代地层中类似现象的识别和正确解释。冰 泥互层多发育于冬季广泛出露的边滩、心滩和部分河道上,是暴露与准暴露沉积环境和低温(±0℃)气候条件下的产物。结合黄河三角洲和莱阳盆地莱阳组马耳山段地层研究认为,对冰 泥互层及其产出的沉积构造的研究对于沉积环境和气候条件恢复具有重要意义。     

Neogene tectonic evolution of the Alboran Sea from MCS data

The structural framework of the northern Alboran Sea is one of a series of grabens or half-grabens developed during various Miocene rifting stages. MCS profiles and well data reveal early to late Miocene seismo-stratigraphic units affected by rifting. Three rifting episodes—latest Aquitanian-Burdigalian, Langhian-Serravalian, and Tortonian-are postulated to have caused significant extension and crustal thinning beneath the Alboran Sea. The middle Miocene episode led to major depocenters and triggered mud diapirism. Post-Tortonian tectonics modified the architecture of the Miocene Alboran Basin and formed the present structure, seafloor morphology, and boundaries of the Alboran Sea.     

西菲律宾海比科尔陆架深海沉积物古菌多样性研究

通过构建16S rRNA 基因文库, 对西太平洋西菲律宾海东板比科尔陆架5 个不同层位沉积物样品中的古菌的多样性进行了研究, 并获得了465 个有效克隆63 个OTUs （Operational Taxonomic Units）。通过16S rRNA 序列与GenBank 已知序列的同源性比较及构建系统进化树的结果显示...     

Submarine structures in the Gulf of İzmit,based on multichannel seismic reflection and multibeam bathymetry

Multichannel seismic reflection and multi-beam bathymetry data were used to study the active tectonic and syn-tectonic stratigraphic setting of the Gulf of ?zmit in the Marmara Sea (Turkey). The gulf and its near surroundings are deformed by the northern strand of the dextral North Anatolian Fault. Three connected basins of the gulf, the western (Dar?ca), central (Karamürsel) and eastern (Gölcük) basins are formed by active faults, as observed in the stacked and migrated seismic sections, as well as the bathymetry map. The main branch and its surrounding sedimentary strata are confined by normal faults to the north and south. These normal faults converge at depth towards the main fault, forming a negative flower structure in the gulf. The average maximum sedimentation rate is 0.4 mm/year according to the three most recent seismo-stratigraphic units that are located to the south of the main fault branch within the central basin. A 20° south-dipping major discontinuity along the northern shoreline of the gulf represents the top of Paleozoic basement.     

东海陆架表层沉积物微生物多样性初步研究

提要从东海陆架DH-13站点的表层沉积物中提取环境基因组DNA,通过PCR和TA克隆构建了细菌和古菌的16SrDNA基因文库,并对克隆子文库进行系统发育分析。结果表明:细菌序列以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,41.5%)居多,其次是浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,10.9%)、放线菌门(Actino-bacteria,8.9%)和CFBgroup(7.9%),另外还有少量酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verru-comicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等;古菌序列全部来自泉古生菌门(Crenarchaeota),其中Marine Crenarchaeotic Group Ⅰ(MGⅠ,93.6%)是绝对优势菌,还有少量序列属于Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group(MCG)、Marine BenthicG roup C(MBGC)和Marine Benthic Group A(MBGA)。文库多样性分析结果显示东海陆架表层沉积物中有着丰富多样的微生物群落,细菌的多样性更为显著。     

黄河三角洲泥质沉积区表层沉积物古菌分布特征

通过古菌16S rDNA 基因文库技术, 在黄河三角洲泥质沉积区6 个站位共获得568 个克隆, 经处理得到73 个OUTs(Operational Taxonomic Units), 在此基础上进行系统进化树以及统计学分析。结果显示, 在本次研究的6 个站位的表层沉积物中, 古菌序列均来自于泉古菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota): 其中以Marine Crenarchaeotic Group I(MGI)为主, 仅含少量的Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG), Marine Benthic Group B(MBGB)等其他种属。研究结果表明, 6 个不同站位的沉积物中只有5 个古菌类群, 群落分布较为均匀, 多样性不高。研究结果揭示了黄河三角洲表层沉积物中古菌横向分布特征, 并为今后在黄海区域开展古菌生态学研究提供了数据信息, 特别是在当前古菌研究主要集中在深海区域的背景下, 对相应的近海区域古菌研究具有一定的参考意义。     

Plio–Quaternary sedimentation processes and neotectonics of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea

Analyses of over 6600 km of reflection seismic profiles on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea permit the recognition of four Quaternary high-frequency type 1 sequences of the 4th order, deposited during the past ca. 690 kyr. At the present-day shelf edge, only lowstand systems tracts characterised by a prograding clinoformal internal reflection pattern are preserved. The prograding complexes can be considered as regressive units accumulated during relative sea-level falls. They exhibit internal discontinuities which might point to minor sea-level fluctuations of the 5th order. A preliminary regional relative sea-level curve for the past 630 kyr is established using the present positions of the delta fronts mapped. The neotectonics curve derived by subtracting eustatic sea-level changes from the relative sea-level curve shows that the depths of the delta fronts today are controlled primarily by regional tectonic movements and the global sea-level.Our seismo-stratigraphic interpretation documents that the area off Hong Kong and around the Dongsha Islands experienced two uplift episodes during the past 5 ma, namely at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary and at the end of the lower Middle Pleistocene, respectively. These uplift events which are centred on the Dongsha Rise led to its subaerial exposure and to the erosion of the Pliocene and most of the Pleistocene strata. The change from thermal subsidence of the continental margin initiated at the end of the drift phase to the phase of magmato-tectonic uplift was caused by a reorientation of the tectonic regime.The Recent depositional environment on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea is dominated by sediment accumulation within the inner shelf and the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary. The outer shelf and upper slope, especially around the Dongsha Islands, are characterised by bypass of terrigenous material.The sedimentary column in the deepsea basin has a thickness of more than 2 km and comprises 14 depositional units starting with terrestrial rift deposits. It overlies oceanic as well as transitional crust.     

西南印度洋真光层海水中固氮细菌多样性

本文通过构建克隆文库和基因测序的方法研究了西南印度洋真光层海水中固氮细菌nifH基因的多样性。从构建的2个nifH基因克隆文库中共获得76条有效序列,其中46条来自CTD13-30 m文库,分属10个OTUs;30条来自CTD13-125 m文库,分属8个OTUs。系统发育分析结果显示,研究站位nifH基因序列主要分布于Cluster I和Cluster III两个分支,其中Cluster I中包含蓝细菌和变形菌两个分支,蓝细菌以Group B为优势类群,并未获得束毛藻和Group A的nifH基因序列。此外还有少数nifH基因序列分布于Cluster II。总体来看,西南印度洋固氮生物基因与大西洋的亲缘关系更近;固氮生物的多样性较为丰富,受环境条件的影响,群落结构与其它热带、亚热带寡营养海域具有明显的不同。     

不同饲养方式对乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)肠道微生物群落结构差异及种类多样性的影响

以乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)为研究对象,采用不同日粮饲喂,试验W1组饲喂冰鲜鱼,试验W2组饲喂畜禽内脏。12周后,取肠道内容物,利用16S rDNA技术研究投喂不同饲粮的乌鳢肠道生物群落结构差异和微生物多样性,分别获得W1组和W2组乌鳢肠道细菌有效序列51124和39298条。结果分析表明;W1组和W2组物种注释(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数目分别为2631和4114条,分类地位明确的细菌种类分别隶属5个属和49个属,W1组和W2组乌鳢肠道细菌种类差异很大。W1组乌鳢肠道细菌的优势类群是邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)、狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto)、鲸蜡菌属(Cetobacterium);W2组乌鳢肠道细菌的优势类群是狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)、Spartobacteria、甲基副球菌属(Methyloparacoccus)、杆菌属(Alsobacter)、Saccharibacteria、分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium)。W2组乌鳢肠道细菌香农指数高于W1组乌鳢肠道细菌,表明前者肠道细菌多样性大于后者。本实验揭示了畜禽内脏饲喂乌鳢肠道细菌的群落种类多样性、OTU丰富度和物种总数均高于冰鲜鱼饲喂乌鳢;W1组肠道有益菌OTU丰富度大于W2组,且W2组还存在一些潜在致病菌。本研究为乌鳢的健康养殖和后续肠道微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。     

3D seismic analysis of karstified interbedded carbonates and evaporites,Lower Permian Gipsdalen Group,Loppa High,southwestern Barents Sea

This paper presents a detailed seismic analysis of a hitherto undescribed Permian succession interpreted to consist of interbedded anhydrite and carbonate from the northern flank of the Loppa High, western Barents Sea. The Fafner succession forms a locally restricted transgressive unit down-dip on the rotated Loppa High. It is subdivided into four seismic sequences each interpreted to be composed of a basal transgressive anhydrite overlain by highstand carbonates. Fafner seismic sequences 2 and 3 include well-developed buildup complexes which in map view form polygonal patterns.Analysis of attribute maps indicates that the Fafner succession is overprinted by two dissolution systems related to two prominent events of subaerial exposure, creating numerous paleo-sinkholes, breccia-pipes, and collapsed composite cavern systems.The stratigraphical position of the Fafner succession, below the Mid Sakmarian – Artinskian Bjarmeland Group and above the Top Ørn unconformity, resembles that of the Lower Permian Gipshuken Formation on Spitsbergen, and the Fafner succession is thus regarded as its offshore equivalent.     

Triassic to Middle Jurassic stratigraphy of the Kerr McGee 97/12-1 exploration well,offshore southern England

The Triassic through to the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) stratigraphy of the Kerr McGee 97/12-1 exploration well is described using petrophysical logs, in association with lithological and palaeontological analyses. Over 6210′ of sediment was penetrated, with sixteen Triassic and fourteen Lower–Middle Jurassic sedimentary units recognised, with a total measured depth (T.D) of 7310′ within the Sherwood Sandstone Group, Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds of Early/Middle Triassic, Olenekian/Anisian age. As expected the sedimentary sequences are comparable to those described from the Wessex Basin, especially the Portland–Wight and Dorset (sub) basins. Of particular note, however, is the very thick halite sequence (1074′) within the Carnian, Dunscombe Mudstone Formation and also an expanded “Paper Shales” (27′) sequence within the earliest Toarcian. A normal fault is noted at 1260′ with the Late Bajocian, Inferior Oolite Group in fault contact with the latest Toarcian, Bridport Sand Formation, Down Cliff Clay Member. The Late Triassic (Rhaetian) to Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) yielded rich microfaunal and palynomorph assemblages, all of which have been previously described throughout northwest Europe. Four microfossils groups (foraminifera, ostracods, dinocysts and miospores) have been used to interpret stratigraphic ages and palaeoenvironments.This study provides new lithological and microfossil data for the Triassic to Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) sequences preserved in the offshore Portland–Wight Basin and provides a key tie-point/reference section for future offshore drilling.