CHAOS THEORY IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Throughout the natural sciences the theory of chaos is gaining prominence as a means of explaining the behavior of systems. The word chaos is used as an antilogy of itself. Non-linear deterministic systems may produce unpredictable states, but the number of states is not illimitable. The states are restricted to definable regions in a state space of calculable dimensions. This theory is already having an impact in the environmental sciences, especially in meteorology. Its potential application in physical geography is real, and geographers must address its implications. Difficulties will be encountered, however, in acquiring enough data points at the spatial and temporal scales of interest in physical geography. [Key words: attractors, chaos, physical geography, systems.]     

WOMEN AND GEOGRAPHY IN SPANISH UNIVERSITIES

An analysis of the presence of women geographers in Spanish universities indicates that women lecturers are a minority, especially in the top posts. The written contributions of women geographers in geographical journals published by geography departments, and in unpublished M.A. theses and doctoral dissertations are proportionally fewer than the corresponding percentage of staff members.     

DUN AND BRADSTREET'S MARKET IDENTIFIERS AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY*

An increasing number of studies of business start-ups, closings, and relocations rely on a single data base, DUNS Market Identifiers. This data file to U.S. business establishments provides researchers with essential information about individual firms and establishments. It also exhibits serveral idiosyncracies and requires careful consideration of the meaning of such basic terms as “location”and “firm.”Drawing from a recent survey of 500 New Jersey firms. I consider some of the methodological amd conceptual issues Dun and Bradstreet data pose for industrial location analysts. The Dun and Bradstreet listings exaggerate the exaggerate the incidence and magnitude of establishment openings and closing.     

TRADITIONS AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN FOLK GEOGRAPHY

The term “folk geography” is relatively new, although the study of folk culture has long been a part of the geographic discipline. With the growth of folklore as an academic discipline, geographers have the opportunity for greater interdisciplinary research, particularly in non-material culture. Music, oral histories, and folktales are neglected non-material components of folklife that represent fertile areas for research.     

地理学与区域开发整治的政策研究

区域开发整治中的政策研究主要包括对现行政策进行效果评价和影响分析，并预测其对区域开发整治可能产生的积极和消极作用，从而为现行政策修正以及新政策的制定提供依据，供决策机构参考。区域开发整治政策具有地方性、阶段性和稳定性特征。地理学在区域开发整治中重点研究的应是自然、经济和社会相互联结的综台性政策问题，主要有资源利用政策、环境保护政策、生产布局政策以及城市发展政策等等。     

历史地理学与西部资源的可持续发展--以新疆为例

在西部干旱地区，人类活动对自然环境的影响，人在自然环境的演变过程中所发挥的作用是这门学科研究的关键问题。西部大开发为历史地理学的发展提供新的契机。新疆是西部干旱地区环境最敏感的地带，研究其历史时期人与区域环境发展演变的关系、人文地理等现象，能够为我国的西部大开发提供理论依据，最终实现西部资源环境的可持续发展。     

云南边境地区土地利用/覆盖变化及环境效应分析

采用遥感和GIS一体化技术，利用1976年的MSS和2004年的TM两个时期的遥感影像数据对云南边境地区的土地覆盖动态变化进行监测，并对变化的时空特征进行分析。结果表明土地覆盖现状以森林和裸岩地为主，其次是耕地和水域。土地利用／覆盖变化主要发生在林地、水域、耕地和裸地四大地类中，林地减少了6．95％，水域减少了2．08％；耕地增加了4．04％，裸地增加了3．67％。并对土地变化所引起资源和环境问题及其驱动因素进行了初步的探讨和分析。     

因特网上的地理学资源及其开发

Ｉｎｔｅｒｅｔ上的地理学资源包括虚拟地理图书馆,遥感图像昨地图,学术机构,电子出版物,电子论坛,ＧＩＳ软件和网络教育等类型,本文给出了许多精选的网络资源地址,并讨论了有关开发利用的一些问题。     

POPULATIONS,SAMPLES AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE IN GEOGRAPHY

This paper questions the validity and relevance of the application of procedures of classical statistical inference to population data in geography. Arguments for such procedures include the notions of temporal and spatial samples, measurement error, modifiable areal units, data vetting and stochastic processes. It is concluded that such arguments cannot be justified in terms of statistical theory.     

云南三江并流地区气候变化及其对生态环境的影响

利用EOF等方法通过计算1971-2000年30年来云南三江并流地区6个气象台站气温、降水、蒸发资料，分析了云南三江并流地区近30年来气候变化的异常特征及其对生态环境的影响，结果表明：云南三江并流地区气候变化表现为气温升高、降水略有减少和蒸发增大的干旱化气候变化趋势，同时，在气候干旱化和人为活动的影响下出现草场退化、冰川萎缩、雪线上升、土壤沙化和水土流失等生态环境荒漠化问题。     

TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICANIST GEOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

The question of what lies ahead is of particular concern for Latin Americanists. The last decade has witnessed a serious erosion of both the popularity of their specialty, and an equally troublesome reduction in employment opportunities. This paper uses Association of American Geographers (AAG) data bases to document the age-gender structure of contemporary Latin Americanist geographers, and projects likely compositional changes through the end of the century.     

投资环境研究面临的变革——科学化与产业化

本文提出发展投资地理学和建立以投资环境评价为核心的投资决策咨询信息服务产业的初步设想,这是学科建设和适应市场经济下投资主体多元化的需要。投资地理学可以通过地理学的外部边缘化联合发展产生,也可通过经济地理学的内部分化产生。投资环境评价产业化通过行业管理规范化、从业单位公司化、从业人员资格认证制度化来实现。     

“史地结合”的学术研究传统应该继承发扬

从理论与实践、历史与观实等方面论述了地理环境对社会历史的重要作用和历史、地理学科之间的密切关系,对我国学术界存在的史地分离现状及其原因进行了反思,认为史地综合研究有助于历史学科和地理学科的健康发展,史地结合这一优良学术传统应该继承发扬。     

LATE QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH GLOBAL CHANGE

TheAnturCticisoneofthemostimpohantcoldsourcesonEarth,asabout24.5xlo'km'oficewhichtakes9opeamtoftotalicevolumeontheglobecoveronit.RotreaoradvanceOftheAntarcticIceSheetwillaffatfluCtuationofsealevel.ItiscalculatalthatiftheAntercticIceSheetlscomplotelymeltaw…     

ENGLISH AS INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE IN GEOGRAPHY: DEVELOPMENT AND LIMITATIONS

ABSTRACT. The rise and spread of English as a language of international communication is discussed through an analysis of two bodies of data: languages used in twenty‐nine International Geographical Congresses (1871–2000); and utilization of supplementary abstracts or text in international languages in geographical periodicals and serials, from initial use of English in 1882 to widespread use of it in 2002. Five stages in the use of English are recognized: 1) no use of English; 2) provision of abstracts in English; 3) occasional inclusion of articles in English; 4) publication of special issues in English, particularly for international meetings; and 5) a shift to English as the basic language of the text. English provides a window into the geographical literature; but it is only a window, not the full panorama of the richly diverse geographical literature in the six main languages that have been used in International Geographical Congresses and in the fifty‐five languages that have been used in geographical serials.     

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL THEORY: TOWARDS AN ARCHITECTURAL GEOGRAPHY *

This paper critiques the narrow empiricist focus and inadequate theoretical development of much architectural geography. The geographer's concern and interest in the built environment is integrated with a more critical and relevant awareness of social theory. Four theoretical categories of building and architectural function are discussed: buildings as cultural artifacts, as objects of value, as signs, and as a spatial system. Directions for research are proposed for the example of historic preservation.     

STRUCTURATION THEORY AND ATTEMPTS AT INTEGRATION IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY*

Integration in human geography is achieved through multidimensional research or by the study of a variety of aspects of a whole. Giddens's structuration theory provides a new theoretical framework for integrative study in human geography in its attempt to connect individuals and societies, context and composition, time and space. Integrative studies in geography have focused on space (regional geography), time (historical geography) and society (time-geography). Structurationist analysis in geography can put society, space, or society and space at its focus. Thrift's spatial structurationist theory may lead to a new theoretically-based regionalism. On the other hand, integration at one level or between several elements may entail disintegration, at another level or element respectively.