The national geophysical data center bathymetric program

The National Geophysical Data Center's (NGDC's) mission is data management in the broadest sense, playing a role in the nation's research into the environment and providing data to a wide group of users. NGDC also operates components of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) World Data Center A. The Marine Geology and Geophysics Division of NGDC handles bathymetric data acquisition, manipulation, archival, and dissemination and operates the International Hydrographic Organization Data Center for Digital Bathymetry. Four major data bases have been developed to manage the large volume of data received: the Global Marine Geophysical Data Base (geophysical data acquired in a time series); the NOAA National Ocean Service Hydrographic Data Base; the International Hydrographic Data Base (contains bathymetric data, other than NOS surveys, with no time‐tagging); and the Multibeam Bathymetric Data Base. In addition, gridded data sets such as ETOPO5 are available from NGDC. Bathymetric data are acquired by NGDC through data exchange, funded and contract programs, processing of long‐term data holdings, data digitization from hardcopy sources, and national and international linkages. NGDC personnel participate nationally and internationally on numerous committees associated with studies of the seafloor including charting and bathymetric needs.     

基于XML的实时海洋数据传输网络系统

近年来,在海洋灾害预测、预报等海洋信息产品的开发中,对准确、大量、连续、实时的海洋要素监测数据的依赖性日趋增强。同时,由于海洋数据的复杂性,数据来源的多源性,数据平台异构,数据格式不规范等原因,增大了数据集成的难度,降低了数据使用的效率。文章提出了用XML作为传输媒介,结合Socket网络通信技术,建立实时海洋数据传输网络系统,实现了海洋数据集成与交换格式的统一,屏蔽了影响海洋数据集成和使用效率的因素。文章对XML在海洋信息产品开发中的应用做出了有益的探索和尝试,旨在促进XML在我国海洋信息领域的应用。     

GPS-OEM原始数据向接收机自主交换格式的转换

介绍了全球定位系统接收机自主交换格式(R INEX)标准数据文件,然后以SuperStar GPS-OEM主板接收的二进制原始数据为例,详细介绍GPS主板原始数据向标准的R INEX数据格式的转换方法及编程实现。该方法对不同类型的GPS(OEM)接收机原始数据处理具有借鉴作用。     

基于MapInfo交换格式的空间属性数据符号化表达

通过对M apInfo交换格式的分析,介绍了如何实现基于M apInfo交换格式的空间属性数据符号化表达,在进行空间地理数据的处理方面具有一定的参考和应用价值。     

A standard format for storage and exchange of natural and explosive-source seismic data: The ROSE format

The ROSE experiment (Ewing and Meyer, 1982) involved the participation of much of the U.S. marine seismic community. Prior to that experiment, wide consultation was made and much effort was expended in the intercomparison of instruments and in the establishment of a uniform, yet flexible, data exchange format. Results of the instrument intercomparison were reported earlier in this journal (Sutton et al., 1981) and the data exchange format is described in detail here. The participating institutions have provided their data to a central exchange facility at the University of Hawaii where the data are catalogued and distributed. We hope that the use of this format for the exchange of data from other experiments will reduce the time we spend on work of a housekeeping nature, time which is irretrievably lost to the pursuit of our scientific goals.     

剖面数据的XML格式设计

根据可扩展标记语言(XML)的原理,设计了针对剖面数据的XML存储格式,并给出了一个XBT实测剖面数据的实例。该格式可用于海洋环境要素的剖面数据交换,并可进一步用于断面数据的数据交换。     

东海黑潮表层盐度分布特征及其影响因素

利用美国国家海洋大气管理局2007年发布的全球海域温、盐数据库资料,美国地球物理数据中心2006年发布的海底地形数据库资料以及日本海洋科学与技术机构2003年发布的1997—2002年东海地区月平均降水量资料,研究东海黑潮表层盐度的月季分布特征,并分析其影响因素。结果表明,东海黑潮表层盐度存在明显的月季变化特征。总体而言,12月至次年3月表层盐度高,6—9月表层盐度低,4、5月和10、11月为过渡阶段;表层盐度高值分布在东海黑潮主段靠近东边界一侧;6—9月入口段的表层盐度高于出口段的表层盐度,其他月份入口段的表层盐度低于出口段的表层盐度。东海黑潮表层盐度主要受表层温度、降水、径流的影响。冬、春、秋季的表层盐度分布在黑潮主段靠近陆架一侧区域受表层温度影响大;降水对东海黑潮表层盐度产生局部小范围的影响,时间主要集中在1月和6—8月份,区域分布在低纬25°N以南和30°N附近。长江冲淡水夏季对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响大于其他季节对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响,7月长江径流量达到最大值时,对应的黑潮扇形区的盐度最低。     

ShapeFile与军用交换格式数据转换的研究与实现

通过对ShapeFile数据格式与军用标准格式的分析比较,指出了它们之间在对描述地理实体的分类分级、编码体系、属性结构等方面存在的差异。在对数据构成进行分析的基础上,提出了采用编写转换软件的方案来解决ShapeFile数据向军用交换格式数据的转换,重点解决了转换过程中的数据构成转换、数学基础转换、属性信息转换和注记要素提取的问题。     

Seabed geotechnical parameters from electrical conductivity measurements

Electrical conductivity measurements provide useful geotechnical information, particularly porosity data, and are well suited for use in conjunction with acoustic profiling techniques. A proposed conductivity measurement system for surveying the seabed is characterized by a towed inductive multifrequency probe operating underwater. It is integrated with a shipboard data acquisition and processing system.     

海岸带环境遥感信息的系统集成

利用遥感资料进行海岸带环境动态变化监测具有快速准确的优点。随着高空间分辨遥感技术的发展,遥感技术已成为海岸带资源环境管理中一个重要的信息获取手段。海岸带环境遥感信息系统以遥感数据应用为核心,根据信息产品生产的业务化需求将遥感数据的获取、预处理、专题信息提取、遥感专题图产品制作的整个过程有机地集成为一体,实现了遥感数据处理、遥感信息提取、专题信息综合、专题产品制作等信息产品的业务化生产。海岸带环境遥感信息系统由硬件集成、软件集成、功能集成、数据集成等4方面内容组成,对系统集成的优缺点作了分析和探讨,并展望了其应用前景。     

基于GML的空间数据交换格式及其应用

GML是OGC组织提出的应用于网络环境下的地理空间信息编码方式,文中依据GML3．O规范,结合某特定空间数据模型,设计了一个基于GML3．0的数据格式,对其中的部分代表性元素做出了相应说明,并进一步阐述了GML在WebGIS中的应用。     

基于XML的海洋遥感卫星数据规范化研究

结合XML技术和海洋元数据标准,在分析遥感卫星地面站运行情况的基础上提出了一种基于XML的海洋遥感卫星数据格式,旨在为海洋遥感数据格式的规范化和为海洋遥感卫星数据的交换与集成奠定标准基础.     

Estimation of Marine Soil Parameters for Preliminary Analysis of Geotechnical Structures in the Taiwan Strait Connection Project

No direct site investigation (SI) data are available for the prospective Taiwan Strait connection project. Any quantitative analysis on the performance of a tunnel, a bridge, or of on-shore (or off-shore) connections needs reasonable geotechnical model parameters. Correlations between basic properties of marine soils and geotechnical model parameters have been established before by the first author based on a large amount of laboratory test data. The established correlations together with other relations considering main types of soils in the Taiwan Strait region are used to estimate the geotechnical model parameters of the marine soils. These correlations and estimated values of the geotechnical parameters of the marine soils are presented and discussed in this article. The estimated geotechnical model parameters can be used for a preliminary analysis of the performance of geotechnical structures of the prospective project.     

基于MapObject的规则格网DEM显示及其应用研究

主要研究了基于MapObject的规则格网DEM的显示以及其应用。提出了一种将国家标准交换格式的DEM模型数据转换为Shape格式的空间数据的方法,并且用VB．NET语言结合MapObject可视化组件实现了对佛山地形的数字地形分析。该方法不需要大型的专业地理信息软件作支持,直接从底层开发,灵活性高,成本低,比较适合面向特定用户小型地理信息系统,为地理信息系统软件开发人员提供一种新思路。     

基于拔桩能力的自升式平台海外作业优选

针对某海外项目中可能遇到的钻井平台压载后入泥深度过大和拔桩困难的问题,开展平台优选计算。首先搜集了预定作业井位周围井位的地质勘查资料,利用二次插值法进行作业井位地质勘察数据计算,据此计算了桩脚入泥深度,并根据作业平台结构参数计算了平台的拔桩阻力。为解决平台极限拔桩能力小于拔桩阻力的问题,设计了可控冲桩阀和冲桩系统以消除或减小桩靴底部的吸附力、桩靴侧部土体剪切力和桩靴上部土重。最后将平台拔桩能力与最终拔桩阻力进行对比,给出平台推荐结果。     

POS MV OceanMaster系列数据格式解译及其应用

目前尚未有文献对POS MV OceanMaster原始数据存储结构进行详细阐述,给后续的数据处理带来了诸多不便。从惯性导航原理入手对OceanMaster格式数据进行解析,通过软件开发对OceanMaster格式数据进行解码,提取各种数据包,并通过紧耦合算法对原始数据进行处理,分别获取三维坐标系下的位置均方差以及位置信息。实验结果表明,经过相应数据处理后可获得精度较高的位置数据,均方差约为0.03m,能够更好地为海洋测绘提供可靠的位置和姿态信息。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

信息管理技术在海洋工程地基可靠度分析中的应用

进行地基可靠度的研究必须以大量的数据、资料为基础和前提,而且这些数据和资料将在实践中不断的积累和扩充。为了能有效地管理和分析建设中积累的大量数据,并实现动态的管理,文章开发研制了信息管理系统用于海洋工程地基的可靠度分析中。阐述了将现代化信息管理技术应用于象岩土工程这样的传统行业的切入点、实现方式、方法和步骤,并用实例说明信息管理系统在海洋工程地基可靠度分析中的应用。     

海洋重力不规则测线网平差模型对比分析

基于国际共享MW9006航次船载实测资料,针对目前已经被广泛运用的最小二乘和半系统差调整两种平差模型进行讨论,提出了一种适用于不规则复杂测网下重力测线数据的平差方法.规则测线网下,随着半系统差调整平差次数的增加,其结果趋近于最小二乘平差.然而,在实际应用于不规则测线网平差中时,由于存在斜交主测线和联络线的补充测线,最小...