昆仑山口西8.1级地震对鲜水河断裂带断层活动的影响

利用1981年以来鲜水河断裂带跨断层短水准、短基线观测资料,计算多年来断层的水平扭错、水平张压以及垂直升降变化量,以此分析各测点断层随时间推移的活动习性.认为:昆仑山口西8.1级地震后,鲜水河断裂带中南段断层的走滑和张压活动分量有所改变,垂直升降活动变化则不明显.中段的沟普测点扭错活动量在逐渐减小,类似道孚6.9级地震后扭错活动逐步衰减的趋势,该测点1997年后结束了的压性活动,在2002～2005年间快速逼近"闭锁",直至2006～2007年间改变了多年的活动习性,出现张性活动趋势.同样,以左旋扭错为主的老乾宁测点在该时间段内也改变了多年的断层活动习性,出现右旋运动趋势.     

吐鲁番盐山口、燕木什活动断裂运动学特征

吐鲁番西南的盐山口和燕木什断裂自晚更新世晚期以来活动 ,两者平均垂直活动速率分别为0 .5 8± 0 .0 5与 0 .0 7± 0 .0 1— 0 .35± 0 .0 3mm/a。用电法、断层气及甚低频方法对燕木什断裂进行了观测 ,显示该断裂从出露端向东延伸 30 0 0 m,深度为 2 5— 15 m。因断裂规模小 ,现今活动差 ,仅燕木什断裂在未来有发生 5级以上地震的可能     

关于2001年11月14日昆仑山口西地震震级的调查

2001年昆仑山口西地震之后,相当多的研究文章使用了震级8.1的数据,但也有人对该震级表示怀疑.为了澄清数据来源,本文整理了国内外主要的地震目录网站,以及已有文章对该地震震级的使用情况,给出了不同的结果.最终表明,震级8.1的说法来自于国内大震速报目录.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震灾害损失调查与评估

根据2001年11月14日青海省昆仑山口西8．1级地震强烈地震的现场调查资料，确定了沿青藏公路一线的地震烈度分布，对此地震造成的灾害损失进行了分析、描述。     

利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山口西8.1级地震破裂面

利用横跨地表破裂带的小点距的地震测线, 对2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震进行了断层围陷波的观测实验. 经过数字滤波和频谱分析等技术, 由地震记录图中分离出了断层围陷波. 资料处理结果表明： ① 无论是人工地震震源还是天然地震震源, 只要位于断层带内或紧靠断层带, 均能激发断层围陷波; ② 断层围陷波的能量主要集中于断层带内, 其振幅随测点与断层带距离的增加而急剧衰减; ③ 断层围陷波的优势频率与断层的宽度及断层带内介质的速度有关, 断层带越宽, 或断层带内部介质速度越低, 则观测到的断层围陷波的优势频率越低; ④ 断层围陷波存在着频散现象; ⑤ 根据昆仑山口西地震测线断层围陷波的观测结果, 可推断该处破裂面宽度为300 m左右, 远远大于地表破裂带的宽度.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地下流体异常特征

通过对青海省水氡共7个台项观测资料及4个前兆数字化观测点的12个测项（水氡、水位、水温或地热）观测资料的分析，初步2001年11月14日青海省昆仑山口西8．1级地震前存在部分异常，但异常的比例不高，未见明显趋势性异常。格尔木新建数字化地热仪观测到了较突出的同震效应。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震地表破裂的类型与性质

通过对昆仑山口西8．1级地震地表破裂全带的考察认为：本次地震形成的地表破裂带长达350－400km，由地震裂缝，鼓梁（包）、塌陷、陡坡等基本形态组成，属构造性破裂，并具有明显的继承性和新生性。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前气象地温异常特征分析

通过对青海省气象部门观测的3．2m气象地温资料相关距平、均值的处理和分析，总结了各自的异常形态。结果表明，3．2m气象地温异常对中震有一定的中长期前兆意义，作为预报地震的辅助手段是可行的。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前兆场异常的综合演化特征

从综合的角度系统分析了2001年11月14日青海昆仑山口西8．1级地震前青海地区前兆场异常的演化特征，从时、空、强3个方面总结了趋势性异常、短临异常的演变过程，并提出趋势性异常属于远场大震异常，其异常形态多数继承了兴海6．6级地震前的异常特征，临震异常具有从震中向外围迁移的特性。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震主要异常及预报过程反思

在综合分析昆仑山口西8．1级地震前震（前）兆异常及时空演化特征的基本上，总结并分析了本次巨震的预报过程及存在的问题。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震的崩塌发育特点

昆仑山口西8．1级地震造成20余处崩塌体或崩塌带，主要分布在地震地表破裂带附近，以库赛湖以西为主。崩塌可分为基岩崩塌、土体崩塌、冰体崩塌、雪崩4种类型。本文对崩塌的空间分布和发育特点进行了分析，通过与其它大地震相比，认为本次地震崩塌规模较小，除介质岩性、地形地貌、气候等因素外，地震动不十分强烈是崩塌规模偏小的重要原因。这种地表破裂带长而地震动偏弱的现象，是本次地震破裂的重要特点，可能与先存断裂的结构有关。     

Preliminary analysis on characteristics of coseismic deformation associated with M_S=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001

IntroductionOnNovember14,2001,aMS=8.1earthquakeoccurredonthewestofKunlunshanPassintheborderareaofQinghaiandXinjiang,whichwasthestrongestearthquakeinChinesemainlandsincetheMS=8.0earthquakeoccurredinDangxiongdistrictofXizangAutonomousRegiononNovember18,1951.TheearthquakeoccurredontheEasternKunlunTectonicZone,whichwasapalaeoplatejunctionzoneinsideTibetanPlateau.ItdividedTibetanPlateauintothesouthandnorthparts.ThezoneplayedaveryimportantroleinTibetanPlateausdeformationprocessanddynamicev…     

2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震与1927年古浪8.0级地震的相似性

对20世纪中国大陆巨大地震进行了研究,认为1927年古浪8．0级地震与2001年昆仑山口西8．1级地震在构造上,与川滇地区的相对位置上,以及孕育、发展和发生的过程都具有一定的相似性,这2个地震对其后川滇地区地震活动形势的影响也具有相似性;这2次地震的发生对中国大陆的地震活动强度有一定的缓解作用;2003年至2005年川滇地区地震活动水平为6．0～6．9级。     

2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震破裂时空过程的统一模型

2001年昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震经历了一个复杂的破裂过程,其破裂长、幅度大、破裂速度多变,成为大陆型地震研究的典型地震。本文融合近场高精度大地测量观测（4幅InSAR影像,34个GPS点位同震位移）和高信噪比远震波形记录,基于有限断层反演理论,联合反演得到该地震同震破裂时空过程的统一模型;同时,基于欧洲区域台网波形数据,利用反投影方法获得高频破裂的时空展布。联合反演结果表明,破裂自西向东传播的过程中走向有所变化,破裂尺度达400km,最大滑移量达8m,地震矩大小为6.1×10²⁰Nm,对应的矩震级M_W为7.78。主断层破裂经历了3个阶段,其中,超剪切破裂阶段对应最大位错区域,破裂到达西大滩段与昆仑山口断层交叉处时,破裂速度与尺度迅速下降。反投影结果同样显示破裂的3个阶段空间上对应大地测量反演的3个最大破裂区,最大破裂区的扩展速度达6km/s,但超剪切破裂终止在断层交叉口东部约30km处断层走向发生转变的位置。     

Preliminary analysis on characteristics of coseismic deformation associated with M S=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001

Based on the analysis of coseismic deformation in the macroscopic epicentral region extracted by Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR), and combined with the seismic activity, focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake and field investigation, the characteristic of coseismic deformation of M _S=8.1 western Kunlunshan Pass earthquake in 2001 was researched. The study shows that its epicenter lies in the northeast side of Hoh Sai Hu; and the seismogenic fault in the macroscopic epicentral region can be divided into two central deformation fields: the west and east segments with the lengths of 42 km and 48 km, respectively. The whole fault extends about 90 km. From the distribution of interferometry fringes, the characteristic of sinistral strike slip of seismogenic fault can be identified clearly. The deformations on both sides of the fault are different with an obviously higher value on the south side. In the vicinity of macroscopic epicenter, the maximum displacement in look direction is about 288.4 cm and the minimum is 224.0 cm; the maximum sinistral horizontal dislocation of seismogenic fault near the macroscopic epicenter is 738.1 cm and the minimum is 551.8 cm. Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40374013) and “Researching on the Disaster Earthquake” (2003) of Public Welfare Research Item, Ministry of Science and Technology of China.     

Estimation of the stress levels in the focal region before and after the 2001 M=8.1 Western Kunlun Mountain Pass earth-quake

Introduction A great earthquake of M=8.1 occurred at 17h26min14.7s (Beijing time) on November 14, 2001 on the eastern Kunlun fault, near Bukadaban mountain peak with an elevation of about 6 866 m in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau of western China. The micro-epicenter is at a site of 36.2°N, 90.9°E, and the macro-epicenter is at a site of 35.6°N, 94.1° E, about 300 km west to the Kunlun Mountain Pass.This event is the largest one since 1951 in China, and yet the first su-per-st…     

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M 8.1地震前的缓慢地震事件

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西M8．1地震前发生了缓慢运动事件，新疆地震台网记录分析结果表明，这次事件在大震前3．5天开始出现，长周期前驱波持续约47小时，波列呈现规则的正弦波形，视周期约为8．8秒。笔者认为，该慢地震事件是M8．1大震前中昆仑断裂临震预滑动引起的。事实表明，慢地震的观测与研究对深入了解断层失稳过程和实现地震短临预报具有重大意义，同时也显示了宽频带数字地震台网的优越性。     

Estimation of the stress levels in the focal region before and after the 2001 M =8.1 Western Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake

A method estimating the stress level in the focal region of an earthquake is proposed here. Taking the 2001 M=8.1 Western Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake as an example, we estimate its stress level in the focal region before and after it by this method. The results show that the stress level in the focal region just prior to the initiation of this event is approximately 6.3–8 MPa, and about 5–6.7 MPa remained in the focal region after its occurrence. The stress in the focal region decreased by roughly twenty percent after this event. Contribution No. 05FE3026, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

Frequency-domain array technique analysis for the rupture duration time and geometrical characteristics of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake

In this paper, we briefly describe the principle of tracking energy radiation sources of large earthquakes using fre- quency-domain far-field array technique, present general steps of tracking energy radiation sources, and take the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake as an example to analyze key factors for setting parameters while pro- cessing data. Using broadband waveform data from a seismic array in Ethiopia and Kenya (EK Array), we obtain that the rupture initiation point of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake is located in the east of Buka Daban Peak (35.92°N, 91.70°E), and the rupture duration time is less than 160 s, the rupture length about 520 km, with 180 km in the west of the initiation point and 340 km in the east, respectively. The western segment of the earth- quake fault bends towards southwest near Buka Daban Peak, which is in concordance with the surface rupture trace. The eastern segment apparently bends towards northeast near Xidatan, which is in agreement with the strike of Xidatan fault, but 30 km away from Xidatan fault. In addition, the results imply that the western segment of the earthquake fault appears erect while the eastern segment appears to be gradually dipping southwards.