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1.
南海夏季风对流季节内振荡的频谱变化特征   总被引:11,自引:10,他引:11  
利用1980~1997年TBB资料和海表温度(SST)资料,诊断分析了南海对流季节内变化频谱及强度的变化特征,并探讨对流季节内振荡强度与对流本身强度以及南海SST之间的关系。结果表明,南海对流季节内变化强度及频谱存在明显的年内变化、年际变化和年代际变化特征;南海地区夏半年对流及其ISO1强度与后期冬季南海SST有一定的关系,当夏半年对流较强(弱),ISO1较强(弱)时,则后期冬季南海SST偏低(高)。  相似文献   

2.
This study investigates the structure and propagation of intraseasonal sea surface temperature(SST) variability in the South China Sea(SCS) on the 30–60-day timescale during boreal summer(May–September). TRMM-based SST, GODAS oceanic reanalysis and ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis datasets from 1998 to 2013 are used to examine quantitatively the atmospheric thermodynamic and oceanic dynamic mechanisms responsible for its formation. Power spectra show that the 30–60-day SST variability is predominant, accounting for 60% of the variance of the 10–90-day variability over most of the SCS. Composite analyses demonstrate that the 30–60-day SST variability is characterized by the alternate occurrence of basin-wide positive and negative SST anomalies in the SCS, with positive(negative) SST anomalies accompanied by anomalous northeasterlies(southwesterlies). The transition and expansion of SST anomalies are driven by the monsoonal trough–ridge seesaw pattern that migrates northward from the equator to the northern SCS. Quantitative diagnosis of the composite mixed-layer heat budgets shows that, within a strong 30–60-day cycle, the atmospheric thermal forcing is indeed a dominant factor, with the mixed-layer net heat flux(MNHF) contributing around 60% of the total SST tendency, while vertical entrainment contributes more than 30%. However, the entrainment-induced SST tendency is sometimes as large as the MNHF-induced component, implying that ocean processes are sometimes as important as surface fluxes in generating the30–60-day SST variability in the SCS.  相似文献   

3.
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The interdecadal change in the interannual variability of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) intensity and its mechanism are investigated in this study. The interannual variability of the low-level circulation of the SCSSM has experienced a significant interdecadal enhancement around the end of the 1980s, which may be attributed to the interdecadal changes in the evolution of the tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies and their impacts on the SCSSM. From 1961 to 1989...  相似文献   

4.
郑彬  谷德军  林爱兰  陈静  屈静玄  朱泳 《气象》2023,49(12):1468-1480
通常La Ni?a年南海夏季风爆发偏早,但是2021年La Ni?a背景下南海夏季风于5月第6候爆发,较常年偏迟。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从热带海温异常(SSTA)和季节内振荡(ISO)北传的角度来分析2021年南海夏季风爆发偏迟的原因。结果表明La Ni?a确实使春季的西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称西太副高)减弱,特别是4月之前;但是由于热带印度洋海温在冬春季持续偏暖的背景下抵消了La Ni?a的影响,特别是在5月,La Ni?a的影响小于热带印度洋的作用,导致5月西太副高偏强,南海夏季风爆发偏迟。此外,受La Ni?a影响,4月西太副高偏弱,南海地区背景正压南风偏弱,不利于南海地区赤道ISO的北传,这与气候态正好相反;随着热带印度洋SSTA的影响越来越显著,西太副高逐渐加强,直到5月下旬,背景正压经向南风才扩展到10°N以南地区,导致2021年南海地区赤道ISO北传偏迟,这也是2021年南海夏季风爆发偏迟的一个重要原因。热带印度洋和太平洋SSTA通过“竞争”共同对南海夏季风爆发产生影响,因此关注二者在冬春季的发展非常重要。  相似文献   

5.
The characteristics of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the tropical oceans and their influences on the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM)have been studied.The anomaly of SST in tropical Pacific Ocean exerts persistence impact for one to three months on atmospheric circulations.If the warm pool becomes anomalously warmer during an earlier period from February to April,the SCSSM breaks out earlier,and vice versa.Singular value decomposition(SVD)and composite analysis have shown that,in La Ni a pattern,the convection over Western Pacific will occur earlier and be stronger than normal,which favors the convergence at a lower layer over Western Pacific,as well as the strengthening of upwelling branch of Walker circulation,leading to an earlier burst of westerly in the southern South China Sea.Moreover,the convection in Sumatra appears earlier than normal and favors the westerly evolution in eastern Indian Ocean,resulting in the splitting of the subtropical high belt and an early onset of SCSSM.However,the atmospheric circulation anomaly is reversed in El Nio pattern.  相似文献   

6.
运用CSVD和联合CSVD等较新颖的统计方法,在去除/未去除ENSO影响的思路下,探讨了印度洋海温异常和南海夏季风建立迟早的关系,结果表明:在没有去除ENSO信号(外部作用)影响的情况下,全区一致型的海温异常分布对南海夏季风建立迟早起着重要的作用。当全区温度距平为正(负)时,南海夏季风建立较晚(早)。在去除了ENSO信号的影响后,非ENSO全区一致型和SIODM型是影响南海夏季风建立早晚的两个主要的印度洋海温分布型。对于非ENSO全区一致型的海温分布,当前期海温全区为负(正)距平时,南海夏季风建立较早(晚)。而对于SIODM型的海温分布,则当前期海温距平为西负东正(西正东负)的SIODM型时,南海夏季风建立较早(晚)。  相似文献   

7.
温度,盐度和风应力对南海海流模拟的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用美国普林斯顿大学海洋模式(POM)对南中国海的年平均海流进行了数值模拟,对温盐结构和风应力在海流形成中的作用进行了较详细的讨论。结果表明,仅有温盐水平不均匀分布也可以驱动海水而生成南海海流,但此种海流的结构较乱,最大流速只有30~40cm·s-1。若温盐无水平结构,则在风应力驱动下,南海海流的结构较为有序,且最大流速可增至60~70cm·s-1。在温盐水平分布不均匀并有风应力的作用时,生成的南海海流与仅有风应力作用时的海流场较相似,说明在南海海流的形成中,风应力的作用更为重要。海面自由高度的分析也证明了上述结论。  相似文献   

8.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
Daily and weekly sea surface temperature data of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)Microwave Imager and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System sensors areused as forcing of the underlying sea surface in the mesoscale numerical model to simulate TyphoonDujuan that moved across the South China Sea in 2003. The numerical results show that different SSTsnear the typhoon center result in differences in the atmospheric wind field, indicating that the model has afast and obvious response to SSTs. Different SST influences the intensity and track of Dujuan to somedegree and has significant impacts on its precipitation and latent heat flux near the eye. The SST influenceon Dujuan is mainly fulfilled by changing the latent heat flux between the ocean surface and theatmosphere above.  相似文献   

9.
用合成和相关分析方法及SVD技术研究了南海夏季风爆发早、晚年份4~6月季风建立时期季风环流的异常及其与热带太平洋-印度洋海温的关系。结果表明,南海夏季风爆发与热带大气环流和海温变异密切相关。(1)当热带中、东太平洋—印度洋(主要在西南部)及南海海温低(高),西太平洋—澳洲邻近海域海温高(低)时,南海夏季风爆发早(晚)。不同区域海温对季风的影响有明显的季节差异,印度洋主要为晚春至初夏(4~6月),南海为5~6月,而热带太平洋从前冬一直持续到夏季。(2)不同的海温异常产生不同的季风环流型,南海夏季风爆发早、晚年大气环流的异常变化基本相反。南海夏季风的活动主要受印度季风环流变化的影响,与前期冬春季西太副高的强弱及位置变化密切相关。西太副高弱时,南海夏季风爆发早;反之,爆发晚。(3)热带太平洋—印度洋海温异常引起季风环流和Walker环流的异常变化可能是影响南海夏季风爆发早、晚的物理过程。  相似文献   

10.
  总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
The interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies are examined using the autumn precipitation data of 160 stations in China and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1951 to 2004. Results indicate a strong interannual variability of autumn precipitation over South China and its positive correlation with the autumn western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). In the flood years, the WPSH ridge line lies over the south of South China and the strengthened ridge over North Asia triggers cold air to move southward. Furthermore, there exists a significantly anomalous updraft and cyclone with the northward stream strengthened at 850 hPa and a positive anomaly center of meridional moisture transport strengthening the northward warm and humid water transport over South China. These display the reverse feature in drought years. The autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China correlates positively with SST in the western Pacific and North Pacific, whereas a negative correlation occurs in the South Indian Ocean in July. The time of the strongest lag-correlation coefficients between SST and autumn precipitation over South China is about two months, implying that the SST of the three ocean areas in July might be one of the predictors for autumn precipitation interannual variability over South China. Discussion about the linkage among July SSTs in the western Pacific, the autumn WPSH and autumn precipitation over South China suggests that SST anomalies might contribute to autumn precipitation through its close relation to the autumn WPSH.  相似文献   

11.
利用50年的Reynolds月平均海表温度资料和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,分析了热带印度洋春季海温异常对南海夏季风强度变化的影响。结果表明:1)热带印度洋春季海表温度距平(SSTA)的模态主要是全区一致型(USBM)和热带南印度洋偶极型(SIODM),USBM模态既有年际时间尺度的变化特征,又有年际以上时间尺度的变化特征,既包含有对冬季ENSO信号响应的变化特征,又有独立于ENSO的变化特征;SIODM模态主要表现为独立于ENSO的年际时间尺度变化。2)USBM模态与南海夏季风强度变化呈显著负相关关系,且二者都是对冬季ENSO信号的响应,USBM模态的年际变化不能独立于ENSO信号影响南海夏季风的强度变化。3)经(1~8年)带通滤波及去除ENSO信号的热带印度洋春季SSTA的SIODM型分布是影响南海夏季风强度变化的主要模态,表现为热带东南印度洋为负(正)、其他海区为正(负)时,南海夏季风强度增强(减弱),大气环流对热带东南印度洋SSTA热力作用的响应是造成这一关系的直接原因,SIODM型的SSTA分布与南海夏季风年际异常关系在热带印度洋长期变化趋势的暖位相期显著,在长期变化趋势的冷位相期不显著。  相似文献   

12.
异常东亚冬季风对夏季南海地区风场及热力场的影响   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17  
用合成及SVD方法,对冬季风异常在南海地区的风场和热力场中所产生的影响进行了研究,并探讨了这种相互联系的可能机制。结果表明,冬季风异常对流场的影响可以从冬季持续至春、夏季。在强冬季风年,南海夏季风爆发偏早、偏强且突发性显著;而在弱冬季风年则相反。长江流域的情况则与此相反,强冬季风时,该地区夏季对流偏弱,降水减少;弱冬季风时相反。南海地区风场的变化与该地区大气及下垫面热状态的改变有关。强、弱冬季风所对应的同期及后期的海温截然不同。在强冬季风年,热带海温场上呈现LaNi*S~/n@a型的异常分布,而在亚洲大陆近海及南海地区,则维持较强的负距平,海水温度明显偏低,强度以春季为最强。它所形成的南海及邻近地区海陆之间的温度梯度有利于夏季风的早爆发和加强;而在弱季风年,则完全相反。与异常冬季风相关联的大气的热状态同样具有季节的持续性。春、夏季季风区中大气热状态的改变,影响了夏季风特别是南海夏季风爆发的早晚及其强度的变化。由冬季风异常引起的热源变化可能也是环流隔季相关的重要纽带之一。  相似文献   

13.
利用HadiSST资料、CMAP降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了热带北大西洋(Northern Tropical Atlantic,NTA)海表温度异常(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA)与南海夏季风(South China Sea Summer Monsoon,SCSSM)的联系及可能机制。观测分析表明,夏季NTA海温异常与SCSSM存在显著的负相关关系;NTA海温正异常时,北半球副热带东太平洋至大西洋区域存在气旋式环流异常,有利于热带大西洋(热带中太平洋)地区产生异常上升(下沉)运动,使得西北太平洋地区出现反气旋环流异常,该反气旋环流异常西侧的南风异常使得SCSSM增强。利用春季NTA指数、东南印度洋海温异常指数、北太平洋海温异常指数、南太平洋经向模(South Pacific Ocean Meridional Dipole,SPOMD)及Niňo3.4指数构建了SCSSM季节预测模型,预测模型后报与观测的SCSSM指数的相关系数为0.81,表明该模型可较好预测SCSSM。  相似文献   

14.
南海季风区地面温度变化特征及其与季风爆发的联系   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
分析1979年1月至1995年12月17a南海季风区修平均地面温度资料的时空变化特征发现,中南半岛西北部和印度半岛分别为地面修平均温度标准差的大值区,其位置和强度在南海季风爆发前后月份具有显著差异。从候平均温度纬圈偏差的时间演变来看,中南半岛地区纬圈温度偏差由正转负的时间早于印度半岛地区,并分别与南海夏季风和印度夏季风爆发的时间其本对应。在夏季风爆发之前,印度半岛和中南半岛地区的地面温度是逐候增加的,季风爆发以后地面温度迅速降低,而海洋上的表面温度增温幅度明显小于与其相邻地陆地,此外,从南海季风爆发早晚年中南半岛与南海地区表面温度距平差和各自温度距平的时间演变看,中南半岛地区地面温度的变化在触发南海季风爆发及其年际变化过程中可能起主导作用。  相似文献   

15.
丁硕毅  温之平  陈文 《大气科学》2016,40(2):243-256
南海夏季风爆发日期在1993/1994年出现年代际偏早的转变,利用海温和再分析资料的研究证实西北太平洋增暖和两类海温型的年代际差异可能是导致此种变化的重要成因。进一步的研究揭示出在南海夏季风爆发出现年代际变化的背景下,南海夏季风爆发日期与太平洋海温的关系也出现明显的变化:1993/1994年之前的第一年代东太平洋(EP)型海温异常起主导作用,而1993/1994年之后的第二年代两类海温型均影响了季风爆发,但以中太平洋(CP)型海温异常为主。第一年代,东太平洋型增温(EPW)通过抑制西北太平洋-孟加拉湾的对流活动,在菲律宾海、孟加拉湾西部激发出两个距平反气旋,使越赤道气流建立偏晚、孟加拉湾低槽填塞、西北太平洋副热带高压增强,进而导致南海夏季风爆发偏晚,且其影响可从4月维持到5月;而中太平洋型增温(CPW)对季风爆发前期的流场无显著影响。第二年代,CPW通过抑制菲律宾-孟加拉湾东部的对流活动,在菲律宾-孟加拉湾激发出一个距平反气旋,使孟加拉湾低槽填塞、南海地区副高增强,进而阻碍季风爆发,且显著影响仅出现在4月;EPW对4月大气环流场的影响与第一年代较为接近,在菲律宾-孟加拉湾一带产生的风场、对流场异常稍弱于CPW,但其影响无法持续到5月。  相似文献   

16.
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Conclusions are divided regarding the role of the variations of thermodynamics in the monsoon activity for the South China Sea region. In this study, primary eigenvectors are studied for the SSTA from East Asia to the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in May. The results show that temperature anomalies that center on Sumatra are closely related with the outbreak of the South China Sea monsoon. When the SST is warmer (cooler) than average year, it is likely that the monsoon set in late (early). It may be caused by the changes in meridional difference in thermodynamics between the Indochina Peninsula and its southern tropical oceans. Studying the temporal and spatial evolution of primary eigenvector distribution of the SSTA in the South China Sea-tropical eastern Indian Ocean from winter to summer, we find that the temperature anomalies that center around Sumatra in late spring and early summer can be traced back to the variations of the SST fields in the South China Sea in the preceding winter. Being well associated with the outbreak of the South China Sea monsoon, the latter is a signifi-cant index for it. The work helps understanding the atmospheric and oceanic background against which the South China Sea monsoon breaks out and behaves.  相似文献   

17.
基于海温异常的南海夏季风爆发的可预报性分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
邵勰  黄平  黄荣辉 《气象科学》2015,35(6):684-690
定义了综合评估南海地区大气对海温异常等外强迫响应的指数,并以此作为中间变量提出了利用前期海温异常预报南海夏季风爆发早晚的方法,进一步分析了基于海温异常的南海夏季风爆发的可预报性。分析表明:基于前期海温的异常,对于以日为单位预报对象的定量的南海夏季风爆发日期来说,基本没有可预报性;而对于定性的南海夏季风爆发早晚的预测,则可预报性大为提高。其预报时效可以提前至前期秋季的11月份。  相似文献   

18.
对夏季的向外长波辐射(OLR)场及前期热带海温之间的奇异值分解(SVD)分析表明,当自前冬开始的热带海温呈La Nia 型异常分布,相应的对流的最佳耦合模态将是:从印度半岛经孟加拉湾直至南海以及西太平洋暖池都为强对流活动区,而在中国江淮流域地区则为弱区.当海温呈El Nio分布时,则相反.数值试验的结果是:在1998年实际海温强迫下,模式十分成功地模拟了该年夏季流场的基本特征,南海季风爆发的日期及强度皆与实际十分符合,印度季风也偏弱.特别是模式成功地模拟出了1998年长江流域6~7月的强降水,距平百分率达到100%以上.改变热带海温,分别用气候海温代替赤道东太平洋和西印度洋实际海温.结果发现,在用赤道东太平洋气候海温取代实际海温时,与1998年实况相比,印度季风与南海季风明显加强,长江流域降水趋于正常值.即如果1998年不出现El Nio现象,或者海温异常的强度减弱,则长江流域降水就会大大减弱.1998年热带西印度洋海温异常对东亚季风的影响与热带东太平洋十分相像.暖洋面将有利于长江流域的强降水,而不利于南海季风的加强.关键词:海面温度;长江流域;洪涝;南海季风;数值试验  相似文献   

19.
南海夏季海流的数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
用一个水平分辨率较高的区域海洋模式计算了中国海的海流。本文给出了南海7月份的上层环流的数值模拟结果。结果表明:在南海北部的陆架区,一支较强的东北向海流穿过台湾海峡流入东海;在海南岛东南和越南沿岸以东海域有一个气旋式的涡旋;南海南部被一个反气旋式的大涡旋所占据。计算得到的这些环流特征与观测结果十分一致。另外,数值模拟结果还显示出,黑潮的一个分支通过巴士海峡的南部进入南海,虽然一部分海水不断被陆架诱导流向东北,但是仍有一部分海水可以一直向西流到海南岛以东海域。  相似文献   

20.
By using the NCAR CCM1 model, we have designed six sensitive experiments, which areincreased and decreased SST (sea surface temperature) by 1℃ each in the SCS (South China Sea)and in the West Pacific warm pool, increased and decreased SST by 1℃ in the warm pool withincreased SST by 1℃ in the SCS. All experiments are integrated from April to July. Comparingwith the control experiment, we have analyzed the anomalies of the wind field at the upper andlower layers, the anomalies of the seasonal variability of the monsoon and precipitation for eachexperiment. In the result, we have found that the SST anomaly (SSTA) in the SCS greatly affectsthe seasonal variability of the SCS monsoon and precipitation in China, especially during the coldperiod of SST in the SCS. The impact of SSTA in the warm pool on SCS monsoon is also found.but is weak as compared to the effect of SST anomaly in the SCS. Besides, its impact on rainfall inChina is uncertain.  相似文献   

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