季内西太平洋副热带高压异常进退的数值模拟

用中科院大气所的ＩＡＰ－ＡＧＣＭ模式，对海温和季内北太平洋副热带高压异常活动进行控制性试验，得到；西太平洋高异常对热带西太平洋，南海，孟加拉湾的海温异常有两个月的滞后响应且西太平洋副高异常和东太平洋副高异常总是相伴出现的，后者出现要早些；当上述海区ＳＳＴ正异常时，５００ｈＰａ上来自东西两个方向的位势波在西太平洋汇集的位置要偏北，相应副高的位置也持续偏北，两者吻合很好；在上述海温异常作用下，当东亚高     

西太平洋副热带高压异常进退的对比分析

对1980年7月29日—8月16日西太平洋副高位置持续偏南和1983年7月16日—8月12日西太平洋副高位置持续偏北的两次季节内副高中期进退过程的环流特征和加热差异作了对比分析,讨论了东亚季风与对流活动、副高进退之间的关系.      

DISTRIBUTION OF LOW FREQUENCY WAVES IN NORTH PACIFIC AND INTRASEASONAL ABNORMALITY OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH

By using ECMWF (2.5°×2.5°) grid data, analyzing correlation for the summer (June-August) of 1980 (the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) anomalously more to the south), 1988 (the WPSH anomalously more to the north), 1981 (normal) in the west Pacific area, distribution characteristics of the low frequency waves are discussed. The relationship between distribution of the low frequency waves and intraseasonal abnormality of the west subtropical high is also analyzed. There is some discussions:(1)If the WPSH acts anomalously in summer, there is a distinct zonal wave series in the subtropical zone of the north Pacific.(2) One of the important characteristics of the WPSH abnormality is that there are low frequency geopotential high centres from east Pacific and northeast Asia, being combined in the west Pacific area.For different circulation, the combination areas are different, which define the WSPH anomalously more to the north or south.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION AND THE EFFECT OF WARM SST

An atmospheric general circulation model is used in a series of three experiments to simulate the intraseasonaloscillation in the tropical atmosphere.Analyses of the model daily data show that various physical variables,from sever-al different regions,exhibit fluctuations with a spectral peak between 30 and 60 days.This represents a 30—60 dayoscillation in the tropical atmosphere and possesses several features which are consistent with observations.These in-clude a horizontal structure dominated by zonal wavenumber 1 and a vertical structure which is predominantlybaroclinic.The effect of warm SST (sea surface temperature) anomalies on the 30—60 day oscillation in the tropical atmos-phere is also simulated by prescribing global SST as observed in 1983.This has the effect of weakening the oscillationwhile at the same time the vertical structure becomes less baroclinic.The importance of cumulus convection to the propagational characteristics of this oscillation is demonstrated by acomparison of results based on different parameterizations for convection.In one case,where the maximum convectionover the Pacific is simulated to be too far east,the simulated 30—60 day oscillation shows evidence of westward propa-gation.In the second case,where the convection maximum is located near the observed position in the western Pacific,there is more clearly evidence of eastward propagation.Both results suggest that the location of maximum convection in the Pacific can have an important influence on thestrength,structure and propagation of the 30—60 day oscillation.     

DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF INTRASEASONAL ANOMALOUS PROGRESSION & RETROGRESSION OF SUBTROPICAL HIGH OVER WESTERN PACIFIC

Diagnostic study on two intraseasonal progressive and retrogressive progress of anomalous subtropical high in western Pacific is carried out with the aid of daily 2.5°× 2.5° grid point data of ECMWF inJuly and August of 1980 and 1983. It is revealed that the anomalous progression and retrosression ofthis high is intraseasonally teleconnected with that in the eastern Pacific, shown as low-ftequency wavespropagating westward along a latitudinal wave train across the northern Pacific i the same oscillatory displacement of eastern subtropical high is again triggered off by the variation of convergent sink of uppertropospheric divergent wind field in eastern Pacific, being resulted from anomalous heating from monsoon area in South Asia through trade wind zone in the Pacific Ocean.     

春季赤道东太平洋海温异常对西太平洋副高的影响

首先给出西太平洋副高脊线、面积和西伸指数的定义 ,在此基础上讨论赤道东太平洋海温异常与西太平洋副高的年际变化关系 ,并进一步分析了春季赤道东太平洋海温异常对西太平洋副高季节变化的影响。结果表明 ,春季赤道东太平洋海温异常与夏季副高位置和强度的年际变化及季节变化都有密切关系。从春季到夏季 ,春季海温偏暖年副高偏南、偏强、偏西 ;偏冷年副高偏北、偏弱、偏东 ,冷年 6月副高北跳较暖年显著 ,进入秋季后南撤更为迅速     

1998年夏欧亚阻塞高压对西太平洋副热带地区大气环流影响的数值研究

利用T63L9大气环流模式，详细地研究了阻塞高压位于不同地区对我国东部西太平洋副热带高压地区大气环流的影响，得到了一些有意义的结果。个例研究表明：1998年夏季，中国大部分地区发生特大洪涝灾害期间，阻塞高压在欧亚中高纬地区的稳定维持量大气环流的主要特征之一；阻塞高压位于不同的位置，对副热带高压的强弱、东西进退以及南撤北挺均有较大影响。     

IMPACT OF THE HEATINC OVER SOUTH ASIA UPON THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH OVER WEST-PACIFIC

A case is reported, during which the Subtropical High over the Western Pacific(hereafter, SHWP in abbreviation)shifted northwestward and met-yu at Chaniiang River valley ended. Several numerical experiments on SHWP activity influenced by the heating over south Asia monsoon area are carried out, and the statistic significance of the results is checked. The results indicate that the enhancement of positive heating over South Asia will motivate a wave-like series of anomaly centers, which propagate northeastward from the maximum heating center.so that a strong positive potential height anomaly center will set up from North China to Japan at Day 3 result in the enhancement of SHWP. Comparison of the influence upon SHWP by the heating over south Asia monsoonarea with that over ITCZ area south to SHWP is also carried out. It is pointed out that the heating over South Asiamonsoon area tends to favor SHWP northward movement while the heating over ITCZ area tends to thvor SHWP westward stretching. As for the time to begin to influence on SHWP, the heating over south Asia monsoon areafavors the enhancement of SHWP atter Day 3 while that over ITCZ south to SHWP effects after Day 5.     

季节内西太平洋副高异常进退的诊断研究

采用ＥＣＭＷＦ１９８０年和１９８３年７、８月份逐日２．５°×２．５°网格点资料对两次季节内西太平洋副高的异常进退进行了诊断研究。揭示出：季节内西太平洋副高异常进退是整个北太平洋副高异常进退的结果；这种异常进退表现为东太平洋副高的活动，相应西太平洋副高也有一次活动过程，并表现为北太平洋地区存在一纬向波列，低频波沿此波列西传以实现东、西太平洋副高异常进退的遥相关关系；而东太平洋刻高的异常进退则是被南亚季风区到太平洋信风区的异常加热造成的东太平洋对流层上部辐散风场汇合下沉区的变化所激发。     

长江流域大范围旱涝与南亚高压的关系

利用１９５８～１９９９年月平均气象资料，分析了４２　ａ以来长江流域大范围旱涝的时空分布特征， 发现长江流域降水具有非常明显的年代际变化，年代际的转折发生于２０世纪７０年代末，６０年 代的持续干旱和９０年代的多发性洪涝形成鲜明对比。依照降水标准差大小，从４２　ａ降水资料 中划分出６个严重涝年和５个严重旱年。合成分析表明旱涝年大气环流和全球海温均有明显差 异，涝年高 低层副热带高压偏南偏强，全球海温呈大范围正距平，旱年则相反。文中对比分析了南亚 高压和海温两个异常因子与夏季长江流域降水的关系，发现南亚高压强度指数与长江流域降 水有显著相关，二者的年代际变化趋势非常一致，２０世纪７０年代末当南亚高压由弱变强，长 江流域由相对干旱转为相对多雨。而赤道太平洋ＳＳＴＡ与长江流域降水的关系不甚确定。超前 ／滞后相关分析表明，前期冬春季１００　ｈＰａ副热带高压强度与夏季长江流域降水呈显著的正相 关，前期冬春季赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴＡ与长江流域降水也呈正相关，但相关不显著。分析结果表 明，由于中国特殊的地理环境、地形和海陆分布特征，将南亚高压作为一个异常强信号并加 以关注，对中国短期气候尤其是灾害性气候的预测具有重要意义。     

基于小波分解的西太平洋副热带高压模糊推理预测

基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,讨论了西太平洋副高脊线与其前期位置的相互关系,并在此基础上用小波分解和自适应模糊推理方法,对副高脊线进行集成建模和预测.基于小波分解重构的副高脊线短期活动集成预测结果表明,该方法可有效降低预报难度,明显改进和提高了副高脊线短期活动的预报准确率.     

波包传播特征与西太平洋副热带高压移动的关系

利用波包传播诊断方法,研究高频波波包传播特征与瞬变波和副热带高压北进南退的关系.波包传播的初步特征为冬季波包传播生命史长,一般为7-10 d,传播速度为2-10 m/s,中心强度可超过0.4,在中高纬度地区传播路径一般为先向东南移,后向东北移;夏季比冬季的生命史短,中心强度也弱,传播路径与冬季相同.热带地区的波包传播路径先向西南,后向北移.一般波包强中心增强时,有利于槽发展,当强中心明显减弱时,有利于槽的衰减.当波包强中心持续地叠加在脊上时,脊将减弱.副热带高压的明显北跳常与南海特征区(0°-20°N,100°-120°E)持续5 d及以上的无波包强中心活动有关,并且在2次季节性北跳之后,又持续5 d以上出现波包强中心;副热带高压南移过程都与持续5 d及以上的南亚区域波包强中心、台风强中心或温带波包强中心活动有关.     

夏季季风降水凝结潜热释放效应对西太平洋副高形成和变异的影响

通过分析 1 998- 0 5～ 1 998- 0 8再分析资料 ,得知夏季西太平洋副高的准定常结构和瞬变结构有着显著的不同。月平均西太平洋副高中心为上升气流 ,逐日资料则表现出下沉气流 ,下沉气流主要是由西太平洋副高北侧雨带中降水潜热释放效应所致的上升气流在高空下沉产生的。据此认为夏季中国华东、华南地区的季风降水凝结潜热释放所致的上升气流在西太平洋副高中心区的下沉运动是西太平洋副高维持和发展的重要原因。将逐日西太平洋副高面积、西伸指数与对流降水率资料进行了滞后相关分析 ,结果表明西太平洋副高的西伸与外围雨带之间存在着显著的相互影响。     

ABRUPT CHANGES OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ITS INTERANNUAL VARIATION DURING LATE SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER

1INTRODUCTIONThesubtropicalhighpressureisthemostimportantcirculationsysteminlowlatitudes.ItisthereforeoneofthehighlyconcernedsubjectsformeteorologistsbothathomeandabroadtoaddresstheissueofthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(tobesimplifiedasWPSH),especiallyforsummer.Thestudyisroughlydividedintothreeaspects[1]:ThefirstonedealswiththepatternwithwhichtheWPSHvaries,whichstudiestheshape,structure,natureandtemporal/spatialchangesetc.;thesecondonediscussesawidescopeoffactorsgoverningtheactivityof…     

西太平洋副热带高压东西位置异常与华北夏季酷暑

文中研究了副热带高压 (副高 )东西位置异常与中国东部地区夏季气温的关系。发现两者之间有很高的正相关 ,当西太平洋副高偏西时 ,大片的北方地区气温会降低 ;而当副高偏东时 ,该地区的气温将偏高。西太平洋副高东西位置的异常对应着亚洲太平洋地区的长波位置和强度的很大变化 ,从而影响到中国北方地区的气温。更重要的是 ,副高西端位移所产生的扰动还会以波列的形式向极地和北美方向传播 ,从而从更大的范围内影响西风带环流。对 2 0 0 2年夏季中国北方出现的持续高温天气进行了分析。该年夏季副高持续偏东。西风带大槽也处于偏东的位置。西部的大陆副高东移扩展 ,与槽后的高压脊打通 ,造成该地区的持续高温。副高的东西位置决定了季风气流 (也就是水汽的主要通道 )的北向转折的路径。当副高偏东时 ,向北折向的位置随之东移 ,东亚大陆的水汽供应变为负距平 ,特别是中国北方地区 ,变得十分干燥。引起中国北方高温的直接系统是大陆高压中的极强的下沉气流 ,副高的偏东位置为大陆副高的东进和加强提供了大尺度的背景条件     

江淮地区副高后部强对流的分析和数值模拟研究

选用1989年7月14日20时南京站的实测探空为初始资料,应用许焕斌的二维可压缩大气云尺度模式,对副热带高压（以下简称副高）后部的强雷暴产生及发展进行了数值模拟和分析。模拟结果与实际雷暴的出现情况较一致,并通过不同初始扰动方案模拟结果的对比分析,表明扰动方案1对这次过程的模拟效果最好。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HEATING EFFECTS OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC

A zonal domain primitive equation modeling system(ZDMS)is used to study the effects of theinitial heating anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and the western Pacific on the East Asian and theChinese summer climate,the relative importance and the mechanisms are discussed.Results showthat in spite of the different locations of the heating anomalies the influences of the two anomalyareas are much similar to each other when the scaling of the two areas is the same.The two areasof heating anomalies have their own affecting domains in which one is more important than the oth-er.In the western Pacific the heating anomaly over the western Pacific is more evident and in theTibetan Plateau area the heating anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau is more obvious.For the eastpart of China the effects of the two heating anomalies both exist and almost have the equal impor-tance.The initial anomaly of the sea surface temperature(SST)over the western Pacific can bekept during the entire time integration while in the Tibetan Plateau it can not be maintained.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSE ANALYSIS OF WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH DURING THE HUAIHE RIVER FLOODS IN 2003

1 INTRODUCTION In summer, different assembly of the intensity,location and vertical structure of the subtropical high and the earlier/later time of its seasonal northwards jump bring about different precipitation patterns over China. Therefore, subtropical high activity and its cause during the occurrence of extreme climatic event over China and the cause of China drought/flood are studied to improve weather forecasting.     

2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副高活动特征及其成因分析

分析2003年淮河多雨期西太平洋副高活动特征,认为副高脊线位置偏南和相对稳定、西脊点偏西以及三次南北和东西振荡的中短期活动过程,是2003年淮河多雨期副高活动的主要特征,符合江淮流域洪涝年份副高活动的统计规律。利用动力学理论和天气学原理,进一步分析和探讨2003年淮河多雨期副高活动的成因和机制。研究结果不仅证实了副高已有的研究结果,还揭示出副高与西风带系统和副热带急流活动之间新的特征关系。     

近百年四季西太平洋副热带高压的变化

文中设计了一种根据网格点高度值拟合副热带高压强度、西界、北界 3种指数的方法。根据这个方法 ,利用重建的 1880～ 195 0年 5 0 0hPa月平均高度序列 ,计算了 195 1年之前 70a的副热带高压指数 ,与 195 1～ 1999年的实测指数合成一个 12 0a的序列 ,研究了西太平洋副热带高压的年际与年代际变率。