Wintertime suspended sediment simulation in the Huanghai and East China Seas

A simulation of suspended sediment movement relating to tidal and wave forcing during a winter monsoon in November 1983 in the Huanghai and East China Seas continental shelf is attempted by using the model describing the cohesive/non-cohesive sediment resuspension generated by interactions between currents and waves.model simulation showed that sediment concentration was increased by resuspension at shallow depths during the strong storm conditions due to high bottom stress interacted between currents and waves. This result is in general agreement with observations in horizontal distribution of suspended sediment distribution.At three current meter mooring positions off the southern Shandong Peninsula resuspension occurred only at a depth of 22m,nearest coastal position and at deeper parts at depths of 51 and 80m wave-current interaction effects were not significant. It has shown that the present model simulation demonstrated the capability of reproduction of suspended sediment movement under wintertime extreme event reasonably well.     

Sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Eight survey cruises in different seasons have been conducted in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) during the period from 2000 to 2008. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and hydrological data were collected during each cruise. Data analysis showed that total suspended sediment mass was approximately 0.18 × 10⁹ tons in the surveyed area during spring and autumn seasons. Highly turbid waters were found in the shallow waters between the Subei coast, the Changjiang estuary and the Zhejiang coast with seasonal variations.     

Recent sediment accumulation and origin of shelf mud deposits in the Yellow and East China Seas

Modern (last 100 yr) accumulation rates of shelf mud deposits in the Yellow and East China Seas were investigated using the distribution of excess ²¹⁰Pb (²¹⁰Pb_ex) in sediment core samples. Compilation and merger of new and previously published data helped clarify sediment accumulation in these seas. The estimated accumulation rates, together with data of suspended sediment concentrations, provided findings on the sediment budget, origin, and transport pathway of the mud deposits. The overall accumulation distribution in the Yellow and East China Sea shelf revealed a general, cross-shelf decreasing trend along the sediment dispersal system away from the rivers, except for the South Sea (SSM) and southeastern Yellow Sea (SEYSM) mud patches found along the Korean coast. Notably, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity profiles within the SSM and the SEYSM yielded a relatively high accumulation rate of 2-5 mm/yr, implying a sedimentation rate of 4-15 × 10⁷ tons per year in this coastal zone. Such an annual accumulation rate is about one order of magnitude greater than the total sediment discharge (6-20 × 10⁶ tons/yr) from Korean rivers, suggesting an additional offshore source. The distribution pattern of the well-defined suspended plume clearly showed the possible transport and exchange of fine-grained sediments between the ECS shelf and the coastal area of Korea, especially during winter. Such a high accumulation in Korean coastal areas is attributable to the sediments supplied from the mud deposit of the ECS (i.e., SWCIM), with origins in Chinese rivers. Therefore, the Korean coastal area may be an important sink for some of Chinese river sediments being transported from the south by the Yellow Sea Warm Current.     

东、黄海柱状沉积物中有机磷与无机磷的含量与分布研究

研究了东、黄海海域典型站位柱状沉积物中总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP)的含量及其分布特征.东海、黄海海域3种形态磷的浓度范围分别如下:东海:TP 13.73～19.85 μmol·g~(-1),IP 11.39～16.03 μmol·g~(-1)和OP 2.11～3.81 μmol·g~(-1);黄海:TP 14.44～18.33 μmol·g~(-1);IP 11.79～15.88 μmol·g~(-1)和OP 2.45～2.65 μmol·g~(-1).两海区沉积物中IP/TP和OP/TP变化范围分别为79%～88%和12%～21%.IP是研究海域沉积物中磷的主要存在形式,陆源输入为影响沉积物磷浓度的主要因素.地处长江口附近的E4站和东海中部海区的E6站分别为所有调查站位中各形态磷浓度的最高和最低者.不同海区柱状沉积物中各形态磷浓度的垂直分布特点不同.其分布特征在一定程度上反映了相应历史时段该站位营养盐输入水平、自然条件和人类活动的重大变化.     

The Current System in the Yellow and East China Seas

During the 1990s, our knowledge and understanding of the current system in the Yellow and East China Seas have grown significantly due primarily to new technologies for measuring surface currents and making high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model calculations. One of the most important new findings in this decade is direct evidence of the northward current west of Kyushu provided by satellite-tracked surface drifters. In the East China Sea shelf region, these recent studies indicate that in winter the Tsushima Warm Current has a single source, the Kuroshio Branch Current in the west of Kyushu, which transports a mixture of Kuroshio Water and Changjiang River Diluted Water northward. In summer the surface Tsushima Warm Current has multiple sources, i.e., the Taiwan Warm Current, the Kuroshio Branch Current to the north of Taiwan, and the Kuroshio Branch Current west of Kyushu. The summer surface circulation pattern in the East China Sea shelf region changes year-to-year corresponding to interannual variations in Changjiang River discharge. Questions concerning the Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Chinese Coastal Current in the Yellow Sea, the current field southwest of Kyushu, and the deep circulation in the Okinawa Trough remain to be addressed in the next decade. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

渤、黄、东海悬浮物质量浓度冬、夏季变化的数值模拟

采用HAMSOM三维正压水动力模型结合粒子追踪的悬浮颗粒物输运模型模拟了渤、黄、东海悬浮物质量浓度冬、夏季变化。模拟结果显示,潮流和底质对悬浮物质量浓度的分布有决定性的作用,沉积物再悬浮对悬浮物质量浓度分布影响大,冬季尤为显著。莱州湾中西部和渤海湾南部悬浮物终年维持高质量浓度,古黄河口冬季再悬浮物的质量浓度高于其它季节的。长江口附近悬浮物终年维持高质量浓度,夏季长江口东北悬浮物的质量浓度高于冬季的,浙江沿岸冬季悬浮物的质量浓度高于夏季的。     

全新世渤、黄、东海陆架泥沙输运演变过程模拟研究

模拟了全新世 9个特定时期潮流作用下渤、黄、东海陆架上的泥沙输运状况。结果表明 ,东海外陆架梳状古沙脊形成的盛期在 - 80m至 - 52m海面期间 ,主要是潮流将侵蚀的海底晚更新世物质与河流的入海泥沙向东南方向输运而形成 ;- 52m海面之后 ,该古沙脊逐渐停止发育。扬子浅滩形成于 - 52m海面之后 ,至 - 30m海面时已发育比较成熟 ,它主要是旋转流将海底晚更新世物质与全新世河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质呈扇形向外簸选掉 ,粗粒物质留在原地而形成。南黄海中部泥在 - 52m海面时已开始形成 ,该泥是细粒物质的汇 ,泥沙来源具有多源性 ,但泥沙来量不足。西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席、辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席、海州湾中砂质沉积、南黄海辐射状沙脊以及北黄海西部泥、渤海中央泥、浙闽岸外泥主要形成于全新世最大海侵以来。西朝鲜湾沙脊与江华湾沙席分别是强往复流与旋转流主要侵蚀海底的晚更新世物质而形成。辽东浅滩沙脊与渤中浅滩沙席主要是强潮流将老铁山水道中的晚更新世物质带到辽东半岛西侧海域沉积而形成。海州湾中的砂质沉积是潮流将海底晚更新世物质与河流入海泥沙中的细粒物质带往外海、留下粗粒泥沙而形成。南黄海辐射状沙脊是辐射状潮流场改造北来的黄河泥沙与南来的长江泥沙而形成。北黄海西部泥的     

Monthly Variations of Water Masses in the Yellow and East China Seas, November 6, 1998

The monthly water mass variations in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are investigated using over 40 years of historical temperature and salinity observations via a cluster analysis that incorporates geographical distance and depth separation in addition to the temperature and salinity. Results delineate monthly variations in the major water masses and provide some insight into formation mechanisms and intermixing. The major water masses include the Kuroshio-East China Sea water (KE), the Yellow Sea surface water (YSS) and bottom cold water (YSB), mixed water (MW), and coastal water (CW). The distribution of the KE water mass reveals the intrusion pattern into the area west of Cheju. A separate mixed water type appears between the KE water mass and the Yellow Sea water masses during winter. The formation mechanism of the YSB appears to be the surface cooling and active mixing in winter. In the East China Sea, during summer, surface water is differentiated from the subsurface water while there is no differentiation during winter. In the Yellow Sea, a three layer system exists in the summer and fall (May–November) while a two layer system exists during the rest of the year. A fresh water mass generated by Yangtze River discharge (YD) is present over the northern East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea during summer. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

东、黄海沉积物中叶绿素的分析

研究了 2 0 0 0年 1 0月和 2 0 0 1年 5月东、黄海航次所采集的沉积物中叶绿素 a及其降解产物脱镁叶绿酸的含量与分布 ,比较了沉积物样品在不同氧化还原条件下培养后的叶绿素 a含量的变化。结果表明 ,整个东、黄海表层沉积物中叶绿素 a的含量是以长江口附近的 E4站含量最高 ,1 0月份为 2 .4 8μg/ g,5月份为 3.0 1μg/ g;对各站位 ,随深度增加叶绿素 a和脱镁叶绿酸的含量呈递减趋势 ,到一定深度含量不再变化 ;个别站位叶绿素 a和脱镁叶绿酸的含量在随深度增加而降低的过程中产生了小的突跃 ,可能是由于生物扰动和环境变化引起的 ;脱镁叶绿酸作为叶绿素 a的主要降解产物随深度增加成为叶绿素存在的主要形式 ;充空气和氮气培养均能增加表层沉积物中叶绿素 a的含量 ;比较了 2 0 0 0年 1 0月份沉积物中叶绿素 a与上层水柱中叶绿素 a的相对含量 ,就 5个站位的平均值而言 ,沉积物中的叶绿素占上层水柱中叶绿素的 36 .9% ,而长江口附近的 E4站沉积物中叶绿素的相对含量为 1 1 1 .1 % ,说明这部分含量是不容忽略的     

渤、黄、东海潮汐的一种验潮站资料同化数值模式

以往的研究表明,采用直接的数值计算所得渤、黄、东海潮汐分布与实测值存在一定偏差。为了改善数值计算结果,建立了一种同化数值模式。计算中,在连续方程中增加了一个松弛项,将模式结果向已有实测调和常数的控制点推算潮高值趋近。在数值模拟中,共选取40个沿岸和岛屿验潮站作为控制点,另外选取71个验潮站作为检验点。数值实验表明,随着松弛系数的增加,控制点的计算和实测调和常数之差逐渐减小,直至松弛系数太大时,计算溢出。与此同时,检验点的计算和实测调和常数之偏差开始时也同步地明显减小,但当松弛系数加大到一定数值后,偏差值基本上不再减小,表明通过松弛同化可以改善计算结果,但计算与实测的逼近程度仍有一定限度。对沿岸111个验潮站计算值与实测值的比较表明,对M2分潮,振幅和迟角偏差分别从同化前的6.9cm和5.6°减小至同化后的3.5cm和3.1°;对S2分潮,从2.5cm和6.5°减小至1.9cm和4.0°;对K1分潮,从3.0cm和7.8°减小至1.4cm和4.1°;对O1分潮,从2.0cm和7.5°减小至1.3cm和4.2°。     

东海、南黄海浮游植物粒级结构及环境影响因素分析

对粒径分级叶绿素a含量进行分析,探讨了南黄海和东海海域2000年秋季表层浮游植物的粒级结构特征及其环境影响因素.在整个调查海域范围内,叶绿素a平均含量为0.72 mg*m-3,各粒级浮游植物叶绿素a含量对叶绿素a总量的贡献有显著差异,小型(Microplankton,>20 μm)、微型(Nanoplankton,3～20 μm)和微微型(Picoplankton,0.45～3 μm)浮游植物的贡献率分别为31.2%,49.0%和19.8%.小型浮游植物主要分布在江苏沿岸和长江口附近;微型浮游植物在整个海域的分布较均匀,以浙江沿岸和南黄海东部为高值区;微微型浮游植物主要分布在南黄海中部和东海东南部.通过浮游植物粒径分级叶绿素a和环境因子的相关性分析,发现在调查海域营养盐与浮游植物叶绿素a的相关系数随着浮游植物粒径的增大而从负逐渐变正,说明高的营养盐含量区域较大粒径的浮游植物占有较大优势.依据浮游植物粒径分级叶绿素a和环境因子对调查站位进行的聚类分析结果和海域水团的分布以及卫星遥感图显示的水色差异之间有密切联系,聚类分析方法是研究浮游植物分布和环境因子之间关系的一种有效方法.     

黄东海沉积物中的还原无机硫

Cold diffusion methods are used to separate and quantify the three reduced inorganic sulfur species into acid volatile sulfide(AVS), pyrite–S and element sulfur(ES) in the sediments of the Yellow and East China Seas. The results show that up to 25.02 μmol/g of AVS, 113.1 μmol/g of pyrite–S and 44.4 μmol/g of ES are observed in the sediments of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Pyrite–S is the predominant sulfide mineral in the sediments, while the concentration of AVS is quite low at most stations in the study area. The amounts and reactivity of organic matter are the primary limited factor for the sulfide formation, while an iron limitation and a sulfate limitation are not observed in the sediments of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The irregular profiles of the three reduced inorganic sulfur species also reflected the comprehensive influence of sediment composition and sedimentation rates.     

东、黄海沉积物-水界面营养盐交换速率的研究

2000年10月和2001年5月随“东方红2号”考察船在东、黄海进行考察,在A2、E2、E4、E5、E65个站位作了培养实验,研究沉积物-水界面在氧化和还原条件下的交换通量。在东海海域,NO3-、PO43-、总磷(TDP)由水向沉积物中扩散,NH4 、SiO32-由沉积物向水中扩散,NO3-、TDP、NH4 在还原条件下的交换通量大于氧化条件下的交换通量,PO43-、SiO32-在氧化还原条件下的交换通量基本一致。在黄海海域,两站位各溶解态营养盐的迁移方向有较大差异。在距离陆地较近的海域,各溶解态营养盐多由水中向沉积物中扩散,且距离陆地越近,交换通量越大。在东、黄海海域,沉积物释放的SiO32-对初级生产力的贡献分别为13%、10%~18%,与河流输送和大气沉降相比,沉积物对黄海、东海SiO32-的贡献分别占90%、86%,说明沉积物是SiO32-的源。而在整个东、黄海海域,对于溶解无机氮(DIN)和PO43-来说,它们的交换通量为负值,即沉积物从水体中吸附溶解无机氮和磷,说明沉积物是DIN和PO43-的汇。     

东海和黄海表层沉积物生物标志物的分布特征及古生态重建潜力

多参数生物标志物法已被广泛用于重建浮游植物生产力和种群结构.但目前还缺乏这一应用的现代证据,尤其是西太平洋边缘海地区.文中作者对东/黄海的表层沉积物中的浮游植物生物标志物的分布进行研究,发现东海表层沉积物中菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、长链烯酮的总含量变化范围为357～3 115 ng/g,黄海的总含量变化范围为2 898 ～6 714 ng/g,硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻生物标志物总量基本具有近岸高、离岸低的趋势,与现场调查资料所得到的趋势基本一致.生物标志物比例结果显示在东海的长江口方向离岸越远硅藻相对比例下降,而在长江口以南则是离岸越远硅藻比例升高.在东海和黄海颗石藻所占比例都很低,但是有离岸越远比例升高的趋势.用生物标志物所重建的种群结构的变化趋势与现场调查资料相符,但其绝对值却与现场资料存在差异.本研究为生物标志物重建种群结构提供了现代数据,但是此方法的定量应用还需做进一步的研究.     

黄东海表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态和分布特征及其对生态系统的潜在影响

For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.     

Winds and Waves in the Yellow and East China Seas: A Comparison of Spaceborne Altimeter Measurements and Model Results

Wind speed and wave height measured by satellite altimeters represent a good data source to the study of global and regional wind and wave conditions. In this paper, the TOPEX altimeter wind and wave measurements in the Yellow and East China Seas are analyzed. The results provide a glimpse on the statistical properties and the spatial distributions of the regional wind and wave conditions. These data are excellent for use in the validation and verification of numerical simulations on global and regional scales. The altimeter measurements are compared with model output of temporal statistics and spatial distributions. The results show that the model simulations are in good agreement with TOPEX measurements in terms of the local mean and standard deviation of the variables (wave height and wind speed). For the comparison of spatial distributions, the quality of agreement between numerical simulations and altimeter measurements varies significantly from cycle to cycle of altimeter passes. In many cases, trends in the spatial distributions of wave heights and wind speeds between simulations and measurements are opposite. The statistics of biases, rms differences, linear regression coefficients and correlation coefficients are presented. A rather large percentage (∼50%) of cases show poor agreement based on a combination of low correlation, large rms difference or bias, and poor regression coefficient. There are indications that wave age is a factor affecting the performance of wave modeling skills. Generally speaking, the error statistics in the wave field is correlated to the corresponding error statistics in the wind field under the condition of active wind-wave generation. The error statistics between the wave field and the wind field become less correlated for large wave ages. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国东部边缘海冬季硅酸盐的分布特征及主要来源

利用2007年1～2月的调查资料,分析讨论了中国东部陆架边缘海(南黄海、东海)冬季硅酸盐的分布特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明:近岸海域硅酸盐的高值区位于受长江冲淡水影响的区域;东海的硅酸盐浓度高于南黄海。长江冲淡水和黑潮水是影响东海和南黄海硅酸盐分布的主要因素。黑潮中层水是东海陆架区硅酸盐的主要来源。     

冬季黄东海溶解有机碳的分布特征

于2007-01-02对黄东海溶解有机碳(DOC)进行采样并用高温催化氧化法进行测定,分析了其质量浓度和平面分布特征。结果表明,DOC的质量浓度范围为0.440～2.491mg/L,平均质量浓度为(0.967±0.284)mg/L;DOC的平面分布呈现近岸高外海低的特征,近岸高值主要集中在长江口以南海域,主要受陆源输入的影响;外海DOC高值区主要集中在28°N以南,126°E以西的海域,来源于浮游植物的初级生产;东海东南部为DOC的低值区,主要受贫营养的黑潮水控制。垂直方向上,DOC由表到底变化较小,表层和10m层受生物活动影响质量浓度相对较高,底层高值主要来自于沉积物再悬浮的作用。     

黄、东海春季和秋季微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力

2000年秋季(10月21日-11月7日)和2001年春季(4月30日-5月15日)用稀释培养法在黄海和东海测定了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食,结果表明:(1)秋季表层浮游植物叶绿素α(Chl α)的内禀生长率为0.40～0.59 d<'-1>,微型浮游动物对Chl α的摄食率为0.21～0.63 d<'-1>,对Ch...     

黄、东海柱状沉积物中生物硅含量的分析

对东、黄海2 0 0 0年10月和2 0 0 1年5月2个航次所获得的表层及柱状沉积物样品进行分析,在单点提取测定方法的基础上采用连续提取方法,利用斜率校正法扣除非生物硅的干扰,测定了东、黄海柱状沉积物中生物硅的含量。从整个东、黄海海域来看,沉积物中生物硅的含量<1% ,属于低含量海域;讨论了沉积物样品处理方法对分析结果的影响,在此基础上分析了不同海区柱状沉积物中生物硅的分布特征以及沉积物中叶绿素、水体中硅酸盐、叶绿素、N/P比值等生态要素与沉积物中生物硅分布的相关关系。