略阳煎茶岭铜镍硫化物矿床Re—Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

采用矿石Re-Os同位素方法对陕西省煎茶岭硫化镍矿床矿石进行了成矿年代学研究,获得了878士27 Ma(1σ)的等时线年龄,首次厘定了该矿床成矿时代为新元古代,成岩成矿基本同时.通过对878 Ma硫化镍矿石初始Re-Os同位素体系的γOs计算和Re/Os值分析表明,其yOs和Re/Os值变化范围大,深部条带状矿石的Re/Os值仅为0.05,yOs为-6.70;块状矿石的Re/Os值范围为4.24～24.43,γOs为-15.37～+280.65,说明成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染;两件样品的γOs为负值(-15.37,-6.70),可能指示其超镁铁质岩浆来源于Re亏损地幔.煎茶岭超基性岩体年龄及其镍矿石的Re-Os等时线年龄与扬子克拉通北缘火山岩浆活动时间相对应,它们是扬子克拉通西北缘晋宁期构造岩浆成矿作用的产物.     

Multiple Sources of Metals of Mineralization in Lower Cambrian Black Shales of South China: Evidence from Geochemical and Petrographic Study

Black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in southern China (Huangjiawan mine, Zunyi region, northern part of the Guizhou Province) host regionally distributed stratiform polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐platinum group elements (PGE)‐Au phosphate‐ and sulfide‐rich ores. These are confined to a ≥0.2‐m thick ore horizon composed of mineralized bodies of algal onkolites, phosphate nodules, and sulfide and shale clasts in a mineralized phosphate‐ and organic matter‐rich matrix. Compared to footwall and hanging wall shales, the ore bed is strongly enriched in Ni (up to 100‐fold), As (up to 97‐fold), Mo (up to 95‐fold), Sb (up to 67‐fold), Rh (up to 49‐fold), Cu (up to 37‐fold), Pd (up to 33‐fold), Ru (up to 24‐fold), Zn (up to 23‐fold), Pt (up to 21‐fold), Ir (up to 15‐fold), Co (up to 14‐fold), and Pb (up to 13‐fold). Even footwall and hanging wall black shales are significantly enriched by Mo (21‐fold) and Ni (12‐fold) but depleted in Cr in comparison to average Cambrian black shale. Organic matter is represented by separate accumulations dispersed in the rock matrix or as biotic bitumen droplets and veinlets in ore clasts. Similar organic carbon (C_org) values in an ore bed and enclosing footwall and hanging wall shales of little mineralization indicate that metal accumulation was not controlled only by biogenic productivity and organic matter accumulation rate. Evaporitic conditions during sedimentation of the basal part of the Niutitang Formation were documented by an occurrence of preserved Ni‐, V‐, Cr‐, and Cu‐enriched phosphate‐rich hardground with halite and anhydrite pseudomorphs on the paleosurface of the underlying Neoproterozoic carbonates. Neoproterozoic black shales of the Doushantuo Formation are characterized by increased metal concentrations. Comparison of metal abundances in both hardground and Doushantuo black shales indicate that black shales could have become a source of metal‐rich hardground during weathering. The polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐PGE sulfide‐rich ore bed is interpreted to represent a remnant of shallow‐water hardground horizon rich in metals, which originated in a sediment‐starved, semi‐restricted, seawater environment. During the Early Cambrian transgression an influx of fresh seawater and intensive evaporation, together with the hydrothermal enrichment of seawater in a semi‐restricted basin, resulted in the formation of dense metalliferous brines; co‐precipitation of metals together with phosphates and sulfides occurred at or above the oxic–anoxic sediment interface. Metal‐enriched hardground was disintegrated by the action of waves or bottom currents and deposited in a deeper part of the anoxic basin. Contemporaneously with the formation of a polymetallic Ni‐Mo‐PGE‐Au sulfide ore bed, economic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX)‐type barite deposits were forming in a stratigraphically and geotectonically similar setting. The results of geochemical study at the Shang Gongtang SEDEX‐type Ba deposit indicate that concentrations of Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn and other metals decrease from top of the barite body toward the hanging wall black shale. Lower Cambrian black shales of the Niutitang Formation above the barite body also display similar element abundances as Neoproterozoic black shales of the Doushantuo Formation, developed in the footwall of the barite body. But the geochemical composition of the sulfide layer is different from the Ni‐Mo ore bed, showing only elevated Pb, Cu, Ni and Mo values. It is suggested that hydrothermal brines at Shang Gongtang might have leached metals from footwall Neoproterozoic sequences and became, after mixing with normal seawater, an additional source of Ag, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Ni, PGE, V and other metals.     

贵州遵义黑色岩系多金属层中铂族元素的赋存状态

本文运用逐级化学提取和重液分离,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱分析,研究了遵义地区黑色岩系多金属层中铂族元素的赋存状态及其沉淀富集规律。实验结果表明,铂族元素主要赋存于硫化物类矿物中,其中Pt和Pd的赋存形式有所不同,有一部分Pt还存在于粘土矿物中,Pd则除部分在粘土矿物中外,还可能有独立矿物存在。结合前人的研究,可以认为成矿溶液中铂族元素可呈不同形式的络合物迁移;粘土矿物、有机质及金属硫化物在PGE富集过程中起着地球化学障的作用。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗乌兰德勒钼铜多金属矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质特征

中蒙边境内蒙古苏尼特左旗乌兰德勒钼铜多金属矿床是内蒙古二连—东乌旗成矿带上近几年国土资源地质大调查工作过程中新发现的一个规模较大的矿床,包括赋存于上部细粒石英闪长岩、中粗粒花岗闪长岩中细脉浸染状矿体和赋存于隐伏的细粒二长花岗岩中的浸染状矿体,属典型的斑岩型钼矿床。文章通过采集WZK1钻孔211.2～214m细脉浸染状矿石的辉钼矿纯样,获得辉钼矿的等时线年龄为(134.1±3.3)Ma,并对比了矿区细粒二长花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP年龄(131.4±1.6)Ma,两者基本一致,表明矿床的形成主要与隐伏的燕山期细粒二长花岗岩有着密切关系。测定的辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄能够精确代表该矿床的成矿时间,表明在乌兰德勒区域找矿工作中,需要密切关注燕山期构造-岩浆活动的相关成矿作用。     

黑龙江省翠宏山钨钼多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年及其地质意义

翠宏山钨钼多金属矿床是小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带内一个重要的矽卡岩型矿床,钨、钼、锌均达大型规模。为确定该矿床的形成时代,对取自岩体内接触带钨钼矿体的7件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素测年研究。结果表明:辉钼矿中Re质量分数为（0.376 9～0.973 7）×10^-6,Os质量分数为（1.272～3.234）×10^-9;获得的模式年龄为(199.0±3.1)～(203.9±3.8) Ma,加权平均年龄为（201.6±1.4）Ma(MSWD=0.80),等时线年龄为（198.9±3.7）Ma(MSWD=0.83)。结合区域成矿作用分析认为:翠宏山多金属矿床的形成时代为早侏罗世,与成矿带内的霍吉河和鹿鸣等斑岩型（细网脉型）钼矿床同属燕山早期大规模构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物。根据本次辉钼矿Re-Os定年结果,结合前人在矿区内所测多个花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄认为:与翠宏山多金属矿床具成因联系的岩体应为二长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩,成岩成矿作用与古太平洋板块俯冲有关。辉钼矿中Re质量分数、成矿岩体的物质源区综合研究表明,翠宏山多金属矿床的成岩成矿物质具有壳幔混源特征。     

内蒙古卓资县大苏计钼矿辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质意义

内蒙古卓资县大苏计钼矿是近年来华北陆块北缘中西部地区新发现的斑岩型钼矿床。通过对含辉钼矿石英斑岩中采集的辉钼矿样品进行铼-锇同位素年龄测定,获得铼-锇等时线年龄为(222.5±3.2)Ma,模式年龄变化于(222.1±3.2)Ma～(224.6±3.4)Ma,表明辉钼矿形成时代为晚三叠世。该铼-锇同位素年龄值指示华北陆块北缘存在着印支期成矿地质作用,对在该地区寻找印支期钼多金属矿床具有重要的指导意义。     

小秦岭地区大湖-秦南钼矿床矿化类型、Re-Os定年及找矿方向

小秦岭地区大湖—秦南钼矿床位于华北地台南缘,属于小秦岭-外方山成矿亚带。矿化类型可分为含钼次生石英岩型和细脉浸染型。含钼次生石英岩型矿石构造有角砾状构造、团块状构造、蜂窝状构造、细脉网脉状构造和块状构造;蚀变以细脉浸染状钾化、硅化、碳酸盐化、高岭土化、硬石膏化为特征。细脉浸染型矿化通常与花岗质岩石关系密切,偶尔也见于含钼次生石英脉边部的片麻岩中;蚀变通常为钾化、硅化、绢云母化和少量的黄铁矿化、高岭土化、碳酸盐化等。含钼次生石英岩型含有含钼花岗质岩石角砾。野外证据表明,含钼花岗质岩石向含钼次生石英岩内部表现为,含钼花岗质岩石角砾逐渐变小,并逐渐被含钼次生石英岩包裹,含钼石英脉增厚,高岭土化、硬石膏化增强。这一特征反映了二者之间的成因联系。两种矿化类型中获得的12件辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄分别为（223.6±4.1）~（196.1±3.0）Ma以及（197.8±3.2）和（196.1±3.3）Ma,Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为（199+14/-25）Ma。这些年龄数据表明,该区的成矿作用发生于印支期或早燕山期。钼矿化时空上与花岗斑岩脉和正长斑岩一致,含钼花岗质岩石的矿化和蚀变样式与斑岩型矿床类似。辉钼矿中w（Re）为0.894×10^-6~2.964×10^-6,反映钼成矿物质来源于地壳。这一时期,区域上以碱性岩岩脉产出为特征,因此本区成矿作用形成于陆内伸展环境下,应注意找寻与印支期花岗质岩石有关的斑岩型钼矿床。     

安徽滁州琅琊山铜矿辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质意义

首次运用铼-锇同位素方法对滁州琅琊山铜矿床中的辉钼矿进行定年。5件辉钼矿样品的模式年龄为(128.9±1.8)Ma～(130.3±1.9)Ma,187Re-187Os等时线年龄为(128.6±2.2)Ma,其加权平均方差(MSWD)为0.45,为滁州琅琊山铜矿床提供了准确的形成时限。分析结果表明,滁州琅琊山铜矿床是早白垩纪(燕山晚期)区域构造-岩浆活动的产物。琅琊山铜矿床辉钼矿中铼含量较高,推断成矿物质主要是壳幔混源,且主要是幔源。     

湘东南将军寨钨矿花岗岩地球化学特征及铼-锇同位素定年

将军寨钨矿是湘东南白云仙矿田中一个典型的石英脉型黑钨矿床。岩石学和岩石地球化学研究表明,将军寨钨矿花岗岩体为一复式岩体,是同源岩浆演化的产物,具有壳源花岗岩的特征。文章研究了白云仙矿田将军寨钨矿花岗岩的地球化学特征,并进行石英脉型黑钨矿石中辉钼矿的铼-锇同位素定年,以精确厘定将军寨钨矿的形成时间,揭示湘东南地区钨、锡等有色金属成矿的时限及其地球动力学背景。铼-锇同位素定年结果表明,辉钼矿中铼的含量偏低,表明将军寨钨矿的成矿物质来源可能是以上地壳为主。4件辉钼矿样品的铼-锇同位素模式年龄为(151.3±2.5)Ma～(163.6±2.3)Ma,其等时线年龄为(169.6±2.7)Ma,这表明将军寨钨矿形成于燕山早期,为华南中生代大规模成矿作用的产物。     

吉林大黑山超大型钼矿辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质意义

吉林大黑山钼矿位于吉黑成矿省,是20世纪50年代发现的一超大型斑岩型钼矿床。文章首次对采自矿床不同类型矿石中的辉钼矿进行了铼-锇同位素定年,获得等时线年龄为(168.2±3.2)Ma,其加权平均方差(MSWD)为0.56,表明大黑山钼矿主要形成于燕山早期。结合该区域其他钼矿的成矿年龄,燕山早期可能为吉林中部钼矿的成矿集中期。根据辉钼矿中的铼含量及矿床硫同位素特征表明,矿床的成矿物质来源为壳幔混源。矿床的形成可能与谷太平洋板块的俯冲有关,构造作用与岩浆作用的耦合是成矿的关键因素。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床矽卡岩中辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其成矿意义

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床中辉钼矿是主要的矿石矿物,普遍发育,产出于不同的矿石类型(角岩型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型)矿石中。辉钼矿大多分布于裂隙、节理面上和石英脉或不同岩性岩石中。矽卡岩型矿石中辉钼矿呈微细粒浸染状、团斑状、脉状等,直接分布于矽卡岩中或矽卡岩中后期的石英脉中。采集西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床矽卡岩型矿石中不同产状的辉钼矿,进行铼-锇同位素测年,得到等时线年龄为(15.34±0.10)Ma,模式年龄变化于(15.21±0.22)Ma～(15.50±0.22)Ma,说明甲玛的辉钼矿成矿年龄集中在15Ma左右。结合前人的年代学研究成果,认为甲玛铜多金属矿成矿时代与冈底斯斑岩铜矿带斑岩铜矿的成矿年龄相近,可以否定甲玛铜多金属矿海底喷流沉积成矿成因的观点,为甲玛铜多金属矿的成矿成因和斑岩-矽卡岩型矿体的深部找矿提供了理论依据。