基于改进的Hough变换ASAR图像船只尾迹自动识别算法

文章提出了一种基于改进的Hough变换先进合成孔径雷达(ASAR)图像船只尾迹自动识别算法。算法首先检测出船只并将船只部分用图像灰度均值代替,然后设定阈值修正Hough变换域中的峰值检测,再通过改进的Hough变换自动实现了船只尾迹的检测和识别,最后利用约束条件来确定尾迹的起点和终点。实验结果表明,文中算法能够自动检测到船只尾迹,并且能识别出尾迹的类型,反演出尾迹的起始点,对海洋监测和管理具有重要的意义。     

一种大视场星图星点提取的阈值算法

确定区分星点与背景的阈值是星空图像处理的重要环节。介绍了根据背景灰度统计特征确定阈值的算法,根据星空图像灰度直方图的走势,提出一种基于灰度直方图的阈值算法;通过对实际拍摄大视场星图的处理,基于统计的阈值容易将亮背景中的亮噪声误认为星点提取,而基于直方图的阈值能够滤除这些噪点;针对星图中星点亮度不一的情况,提出在全局阈值的基础上应用Bernsen算法计算局部阈值提取暗星点,实验证明该算法能较充分地提取暗星图像。     

破碎波与非破碎波的特征差异

借助风浪实验现场的破碎事件记录,采用多种判据同时判别的方法划分破碎波与非破碎波,考查了各种破碎判据指标在破碎波与非破碎波上的分布差异.结果表明;依Hilbert变换计算的动力学判据指标和运动学判据指标在破碎波与非破碎波上的分布有明显分离,存在一个稳定的阈值区分破碎波与非破碎波;由小波方法计算的动力学判据指标在破碎波与非...     

风浪破碎判据的实验检验

利用已有风浪破碎实验观测数据检验了风浪破碎判据的可靠性。实验测量了风浪波面位移的时间序列,并人工同步标记出破碎发生的时刻。研究了4种常用判据,包括波陡、瞬时波面斜率、波峰水质点水平速度与相速度之比,以及波峰水质点向下加速度与重力加速度之比。采用破碎判据对所测风浪序列中的破碎波进行识别,根据人工标记数量计算破碎率以确定破碎阈值。计算结果表明,几何判断阈值接近Stokes波极限值,而运动学和动力学判断阈值则明显偏离。进而检验了判据识别出的破碎波与人工标记破碎波的一致性。在达到破碎阈值的波中,约35%~55%与人工标记相对应,约有45%~65%的波,虽然满足了阈值条件,却并未发生破碎,说明风浪的破碎可能并非完全取决于其中任一判据所关注的波浪特征量。     

破碎波群的显著特征指标

群发性是风浪破碎的显著特征,最近的研究表明风浪破碎研究应该基于波群而不是单个波。本文探讨破碎波群区别于非破碎波群的显著特征指标。依据一系列风浪破碎实验数据,采用多种判据与实验现场目测的破碎标记信号相结合的原则划分破碎波群与非破碎波群,考查波群特征量、单个波几何特征量、局地破碎判据指标、波包络几何特征量以及波群能量结构特征量等5大类28个指标在破碎波群与非破碎波群上的分布差异。结果表明:波陡、峰前波陡、瞬时波面斜率、运动学判据指标和动力学判据指标等在破碎非破碎波群上的分布几乎没有交叠;后两者尤为理想,分布明显分离,是破碎波群区别于非破碎波群的显著指标;而其它各指标在破碎波群非破碎波群上的分布都有不同程度的交叠,不能单独依据它们区分破碎波群与非破碎波群。     

波浪在珊瑚礁地形上破碎特性试验研究

对波浪在珊瑚礁地形上的传播特性进行了物理试验研究,将珊瑚礁地形简化为坡度为1∶5的陡坡(向海坡)加较长水平礁坪段的地形,对规则波和不规则波在该地形条件下的波浪破碎及波高沿程衰减进行了研究。结果表明,波高较小时,波浪破碎发生在礁坪上,但随着入射波高的增大,破碎位置逐渐向来浪方向移动,直至在向海坡段破碎。对于在礁坪上破碎的波浪,相对水深db/L0一定的条件下,破碎波高与入射波陡H0/L0相关,且变化趋势受相对水深db/L0的影响。同时给出了该地形条件下波浪破碎指标以及礁坪段破碎后沿程波高的计算公式。     

一种海浪破碎的判别方法

本文提出一种以波面斜率为判据的海浪破碎的判别方法,其中使用的波相速(作为时间函数)是由Hilbert变换技巧自固定点波面高度记录计算出来的.用实验室机械产生的波列对此方法作了检验,效果较满意;将此方法用于外海风浪破碎的判别,就仅取得的6和5m/s风速下的结果而言,是定性合理的.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法和模糊熵水下图像分割

由于水下图像受到水下光照条件以及水质的一些特性影响,存在对比度低、灰度不均、目标边缘模糊等特点。传统基于最大熵原理的阈值法尽管能实现某些特定的分割任务,但是采用凸模糊集的隶属函数和穷举法存在计算复杂度高、时效性差等缺点。在传统模糊熵分割算法的基础上,重新定义了模糊熵,并根据最大熵原理,利用改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)来搜索分割阈值。通过水下图像处理试验证明,该算法对简单背景的图像分割是有效的;与传统分割方法相比,具有更强的自适应性和抗噪性。     

波浪场中污染物混合系数的实验研究

海岸区域的波浪引起的污染物的输移扩散存在不同于水流的情况特征.通过物理模型实验研究了不破碎波浪和破碎波浪中污染物输移扩散的混合系数,提出了确定混合系数的方法,给出了不破碎波浪和破碎波浪两种情况下混合系数经验公式,并与他人的结果进行了对比,结果吻合.     

破碎波群间隔统计分布

基于一系列实验室风浪破碎实验,讨论破碎波群间隔的统计分布。实验时风速分别设定在6～9 m/s间几个不同的风速水平,破碎波群间隔定义为两个相继发生破碎的波群中破碎首发时刻之间的时间间隔,破碎依据波面信号和实验者同步记录的破碎标记信号判别,分布拟合检验采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验。数据分析结果表明:1)所有实验信号的破碎波群间隔都服从Gamma分布;2)低风速情形的破碎波群间隔大多服从指数分布——Gamma分布的一种特殊情形;3)相同实验条件下的破碎波群间隔具有相同的分布。这意味着破碎波群的发生可以视为一种更新过程。     

Intermittency of wind wave group breaking

Knowledge on intermittency of wave breaking is so far limited to a few summary statistics, while the probability distribution of time interval between breaking events can provide a full view of intermittency. Based on a series of experiments on wind wave breaking, such probability distributions are investigated. Breaking waves within a wave group were taken as a single breaking event according to recent studies. Interval between successive wave groups with breaker is the focus of this paper. For intervals in our experiments with different fetch and wind conditions, their distributions are all skewed and weighted on small intervals. Results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests on time series of these intervals indicate that they all follow gamma distribution, and some are even exponential type. Average breaking-group-interval decreases with friction velocity and significant steepness until the wind is strong enough;most of them are more than 10 times the dominant wave period. Group breaking probability proposed by Babanin recently and the average number of breaking waves in wave groups are also discussed, and they are seemingly more reasonable and sensitive than traditional breaking probability defined in terms of single wave.     

Singularity and Breaking of the Third Order Stokes Waves

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Approach to Calculating Methods of Wave Breaking Depth and Height

- Engineers in coastal engineering have been paying much attention to the research subject on wave breaking. In this paper, previous research results on the calculating methods of wave breaking depth and height are enumerated, the laws of wave transformation before and after wave breaking are investigated, an adequate supposition is made, and the effect of beach slope, bed friction and breaking turbulence on wave breaking is considered. By applying the theory of wave energy dissipation rate and combining with proper formulas of solitary waves, a new calculating formula of wave breaking depth and height on the movable bed is derived and examined with the data from experimental pools of different sizes, and it is proved to be of practicability.     

关于波浪破碎特性的研究

有关波浪破碎问题的研究是海岸工程界十分关注的课题。本文列举了前人有关波浪破碎特性方面的研究成果；分析了波浪破碎前后波高的变化规律，作出了适当的假定；并考虑了动床海滩坡度、底摩擦以及紊动对波浪破碎特性的影响。应用波动能量耗散率理论，并结合孤立波理论的有关公式，作者推导了计算动床海滩上破碎指标ｒ_ｂ的公式，并进而给出破碎水深ｈ_ｂ与破碎波高Ｈ_ｂ的计算公式。通过不同规模实验水槽的资料验证表明，这组计算式具有广泛的实用性。     

基于波形不对称性的波浪破碎指标

为了探寻波浪破碎与波形不对称性的关系,通过对1/200缓坡上波浪破碎实验研究结果的进一步分析,运用最小二乘法,拟合了波形不对称性参数与相对水深的关系,以及用波形不对称性参数表示的波浪破碎指标表达式。所得规则波的结果与Kjeldsen的深水波结果相同,而不规则波的结果比规则波的小。研究还表明,这一破碎指标与相对水深有关系,随着水深变浅,指标值增大。     

Determining the onset and strength of unforced wave breaking in a numerical wave tank

A numerical wave tank is used to investigate the onset and strength of unforced wave breaking, and the waves have three types of initial spectra： constant amplitude spectrum, constant steepness spectrum and Pierson-Moscowitz spectrum. Numerical tests are performed to validate the model results. Then, the onset of wave breaking is discussed with geometric, kinematic, and dynamic breaking criteria. The strength of wave breaking, which is always characterized by the fractional energy loss and breaking strength coefficient, is studied for different spectra. The results show how the energy growth rate is better than the initial wave steepness on estimating the fractional energy losses as well as breaking strength coefficient.     

Determining the Onset and Strength of Unforced Wave Breaking in A Numerical Wave Tank

A numerical wave tank is used to investigate the onset and strength of unforced wave breaking, and the waves have three types of initial spectra: constant amplitude spectrum, constant steepness spectrum and Pierson-Moscowitz spectrum. Numerical tests are performed to validate the model results. Then, the onset of wave breaking is discussed with geometric, kinematic, and dynamic breaking criteria. The strength of wave breaking, which is always characterized by the fractional energy loss and breaking strength coefficient, is studied for different spectra. The results show how the energy growth rate is better than the initial wave steepness on estimating the fractional energy losses as well as breaking strength coefficient.     

基于水槽实验的近岸波浪破碎计算研究

将前人波浪破碎计算及判定公式进行汇总、整理并分成3类;同时,为了对选取公式进行比较,文还将上述公式分为两类破碎波高计算模型,一类是直接计算模型;另一类是联立拍岸浪波高计算模型与破碎判据,建立的间接计算模型。在此基础上,结合实验数据,对破碎波高和破碎指标进行误差分析得出,间接计算模型中,Goda提出的破碎判据效果最好,为下一步拍岸浪精细化预报以及其区域计算模型的建立提供参考。     

Prediction of impact pressure induced by breaking waves on vertical cylinders in random seas

This paper presents a method to statistically predict the magnitude of impact pressure (including extreme values) produced by deep water waves breaking on a circular cylinder representing a column of an ocean structure. Breaking waves defined here are not those whose tops are blown off by the wind but those whose breaking is associated with steepness. The probability density function of wave period associated with breaking waves is derived for a specified wave spectrum, and then converted to the probability density function of impact pressure. Impacts caused by two different breaking conditions are considered; one is the impact associated with waves breaking in close proximity to the column, the other is an impact caused by waves approaching the column after they have broken. As an example of the application of the present method, numerical computations are carried out for a wave spectrum obtained from measured data in the North Atlantic.