苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源研究--元素地球化学与重矿物方法比较

运用元素地球化学与重矿物方法对苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源进行的比较研究表明,沉积物形成主要由长江与黄河提供物质来源,且又以黄河物源为主。全新世早期长江物质对本区影响范围大于黄河,黄河供给泥沙量较少,对本区影响主要在北部、中部地区。全新世最大海侵之后,黄河曾由苏北入海并携带了大量泥沙,其影响范围明显大于长江,长江仅由狭窄的汊道提供有限的物质而影响范围较小。最近2000年来本区沉积物物源主要由黄河提供。分析表明元素地球化学方法在沉积物物源判别时,可有效的避免水动力因素影响,而相对重矿物方法取得较好的效果。     

苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源研究--元素地球化学与重矿物方法比较

运用元素地球化学与重矿物方法对苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源进行的比较研究表明,沉积物形成主要由长江与黄河提供物质来源,且又以黄河物源为主。全新世早期长江物质对本区影响范围大于黄河,黄河供给泥沙量较少,对本区影响主要在北部、中部地区。全新世最大海侵之后,黄河曾由苏北入海并携带了大量泥沙,其影响范围明显大于长江,长江仅由狭窄的汊道提供有限的物质而影响范围较小。最近２０００ 年来本区沉积物物源主要由黄河提供。分析表明元素地球化学方法在沉积物物源判别时,可有效的避免水动力因素影响,而相对重矿物方法取得较好的效果。     

Tracing the Provenance of the Huguangyan Maar Lake Sediments in Coastal Regions of South China

<正>The Huguangyan Maar Lake(HML)(21°9'N,110°17'E),situated on the Leizhou Peninsula in the southernmost of mainland China,is the deepest recent crater lake among the identified volcanic structures in the Leiqiong Volcanic Field.The bi-lobate lake,with a diameter of~1.7 km and     

中全新世以来琼东南陆架粘土矿物特征及物质来源

以往针对南海北部陆架沉积物物质来源的诸多研究, 在一定程度上忽略了海南岛物质的影响.基于柱状沉积物样品的岩性、粒度、粘土矿物和AMS14C年代分析, 探讨了琼东南陆架沉积区X2站沉积物的物质来源.结果表明, X2站沉积物可划分为上、下两段, 下段(Ⅰ, 240~120 cm)主要为粘土质粉砂, 上段(Ⅱ, 120~0 cm)主要为粉砂质砂.粘土矿物主要由伊利石和高岭石组成, 含有少量绿泥石和蒙脱石.对比分析显示, 伊利石和绿泥石可能主要来自于珠江和台湾岛; 高岭石可能主要来源于海南岛和珠江, 蒙脱石主要来自于近源的雷琼地区, 即海南岛物源对南海北部陆架西段具有一定的影响.近4 ka以来, X2站沉积物的明显变粗和高岭石含量逐渐增高, 说明海南物质的输入增强, 这可能是由于近4 ka以来的气候变化或者人类活动增强所致.      

江汉平原主要河流沉积物磁学特征及其与物源区表壳岩性的响应

为了建立江汉平原沉积物示踪的磁学模型,对汇入江汉平原的主要河流现代沉积物磁学特征进行了研究,结果表明:(1)在江汉平原范围内,无论长江、汉江,还是周边的漳河、沮水、玛瑙河和清江,它们的现代沉积物的磁学参数特征均显示出明显的差异,而且和源区表壳岩性也显示出极好的相关性;(2)长江和汉江现代沉积物中铁磁性矿物均以亚铁磁性矿物为主,它们主导了样品的磁性特征,但长江沉积物比汉江沉积物亚铁磁性矿物含量高;(3)长江和汉江沉积物的亚铁磁性矿物晶粒都以假单畴-多畴为主,并且长江沉积物磁性颗粒总体上要比汉江的粗;(4)在汇入江汉平原的主要支流中,汉江的亚铁磁性矿物含量远远高于其他支流,且磁性矿物的晶粒也比其他支流的粗;(5)除汉江以外的支流中,玛瑙河沉积物中磁性矿物的晶粒比较细且不完全反铁磁性矿物含量较高,漳河中的超顺磁物质含量较高,而清江中不完全反铁磁性矿物含量较高且磁性矿物的晶粒相对较粗.上述结果表明,在江汉平原利用沉积物的磁学特征可达到沉积物物源示踪的目的.      

Detrital Zircon Geochronology and Provenance of Core Sediments in Zhoulao Town,Jianghan Plain,China

In our study,the U-Pb age spectrum of detrital zircons from terrigenous sediments is used to determine the sources.The Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River drain the western Yangtze craton and eastern Tibetan plateau,and take lots of sediments to the Jianghan (江汉) plain.Detrital zircons collected from Zhoulao (周老) core provide an ideal sample for the provenance studies.Here we report LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 125 detrital zircons from one sand sample in the core sediments,which is recovered from a dep...     

江汉盆地周老孔0～108m沉积物的稀土元素特征及其物源判别

对采自干江汉平原沉积中心的钻孔沉积物进行了稀土元素质量分数的测试,探讨了周老孔沉积物的稀土元素特征及其物质来源.结果显示,江汉平原108m以上不同深度沉积物的稀土元素质量分数、w(∑REE)值、轻重稀土元素的质量分数比[w(∑Ce)/w(∑Y)]、Eu异常和Ce异常值等基本没有变化,且均与现代长江沉积物的稀土元素特征相...     

Carolina Bay geoarchaeology and Holocene landscape evolution on the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina

Surface water on the mainly dry, upland interfluves of the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina occurs currently as a sporadic distribution of shallow ponds held within Carolina bays and other small, isolated basins. At seven bays on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site on the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, we investigated Holocene changes in bay morphology, ecology, and prehistoric human activity. At Flamingo Bay, we employed archaeological survey and testing, shovel and auger testing, sediment analysis, and ground-penetrating radar to document stratigraphy and chronology of the sand rim on the eastern side of the bay. Artifact assemblage indicate changes in intensity of human use of the bay. Radiocarbon dates from a sediment core establish time scales for depositional processes at the center of the basin. Ground-penetrating radar data from the other bays indicate that the stratigraphy of all seven bays is broadly similar. We conclude that: (1) Significant modification of the bays, including rim development and basin infilling, occurred during the Holocene; (2) ponds on the early Holocene landscape were larger and more permanent than at present; (3) early Holocene climate, as indicated by both depositional processes and human activity, was not characterized by prolonged periods of extremely dry conditions; and (4) fluvial-centric models of terminal Pleistocene—early Holocene human adaptations require revision to include intensive use of isolated upland ponds. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

长江沉积物源示踪研究进展

近期物源分析方法发展较快,包括稀土元素、同位素地球化学与单颗粒碎屑矿物微区分析方法的广泛运用,以及分不同粒级组分或根据需要选择特定粒级组分进行物源分析逐渐代替了全样分析法,物源示踪效果得到明显的提高。长江作为连接青藏高原与西太平洋边缘海的最重要水系,河流沉积物从源到汇的现代与历史过程备受关注。长江沉积物源示踪研究进展包括:①建立和运用河流入海沉积物示踪端元模型,定性或定量地分析长江沉积物在海域的扩散与沉积分布规律,倾向于运用细颗粒组分矿物学、元素与同位素地球化学等方法,研究程度较高,今后需注意各端元值的时空变化,及受沉积过程的分异作用与早期成岩作用的影响;②建立和运用不同支流的物源示踪模型,研究晚新生代以来长江水系的演化历史,倾向于运用粗颗粒组分的物源分析方法,尤其是单颗粒碎屑矿物微区分析。由于长江流域面积巨大、区域地质复杂,建立支流域的精细物源分析指纹特征尚处在探索阶段,需注意运用碎屑锆石U-Pb定年与稀土元素、Hf同位素组成的综合物源分析法。综合运用多种物源分析法于长江中下游和三角洲盆地若干钻孔地层的研究,已较好地限定长江贯通的时间约在上新世晚期—早更新世之间,但仍存在较大争议,今后需在一些关键区域开展更多的深钻研究,提高物源精细示踪的效果、晚新生代地层测年的精度,并加强钻孔间的的对比研究。     

南黄海NT2孔沉积物物源研究

用等离子体质谱法(ICP—MS)对苏北岸外南黄海陆架区NT2孔72个沉积物样品的稀土元素(REE)进行了分析,研究了中更新世中、晚期以来苏北岸外南黄海陆架区沉积物物源的变化。相关分析揭示NT2孔粒度和化学风化对REE组成影响较小。判别函数和稀土元素配分模式表明南黄海NT2孔沉积物物源主要为长江源和黄河源。 REE判别图解揭示NT2孔上部0~5.50 m和5.50~19.30 m沉积物以长江源为主,中部19.30~27.00 m沉积物以黄河源为主,27.00~54.60 m沉积物以长江源为主,下部54.60~70.31 m沉积物以黄河源为主。研究表明黄河在中更新世中晚期已开始对南黄海陆架沉积作用有明显影响,而长江从晚更新世早期到现代对南黄海陆架起着主要作用。     

苏北盆地东台坳陷古近系碎屑岩物源分析

苏北盆地东台坳陷砂岩统计结果表明,碎屑岩岩屑以火成岩和变质岩岩屑为主,早期（泰州组）以火成岩岩屑为主,晚期（古新统）以变质岩岩屑为主。Dickinson三角投图表明,物源区的大地构造背景属于再旋回造山带。东台坳陷重矿物纵向上变化特征指示古近纪三垛组沉积时期,物源区隆升强烈,剥蚀加速,导致不稳定重矿物显著增加。物源区对比结果揭示出张八岭隆起带是东台坳陷碎屑岩的主要物源区, 其抬升过程对苏北盆地古近系的沉降活动具有强烈的控制作用。     

Wet early to middle Holocene conditions on the upper Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA

A peat core from a cutoff paleochannel of Little River on the upper Coastal Plain of North Carolina provides a continuous pollen record of environmental change for the past 10,500 years and includes a sedimentary record of overbank floods. Palynological and sedimentary data indicate that the early to middle Holocene was wetter than previously suggested from lake sites in the southeastern United States. The period from 9000 to 6100 cal yr B.P. is characterized by high pollen percentages of Nyssa and Quercus, but low percentages of Pinus. Fifteen large overbank flood events are present within this period (5 floods/1000 yr). In contrast, only 6 large overbank flood events occurred since 6100 cal yr B.P. (1 flood/1000 yr). The increases in moisture and flood events probably were controlled by changes in atmospheric circulation related to shifts in the position of the Bermuda High, sea surface temperatures, and El Niño activity that together may have affected the frequency of large floods generated from tropical storms in the region.     

Origin of Dissolved Groundwater Sulphate in Coastal Plain Sediments of the Rio de la Plata, Eastern Argentina

Groundwater of the coastal plain of the Rio de La Plata, Argentina,contains up to 17 g L^-1 SO₄ and 37 gL^-1 TDS. Some of this SO₄ is from paleo-seawater intrusion; however, SO₄ : Cl ratios can be>2 : 1, and most of the SO₄ must, therefore, have another source. Three possible sources were investigated: gypsum, organic matter,and iron sulphides. Dissolved SO₄ showed δ³⁴S valuesfrom -7 to 0‰, typical values for S from iron sulphides or organicmatter, but distinct from that of seawater (+22‰). To test whetherthe SO₄ was derived from oxidation of reduced S, four 4-mcores were taken from marine sediments of the coastal plain. Two were takenfrom higher, drier areas where the highest dissolved SO₄values were encountered, and two were taken from lower, wetter areas thathad much lower SO₄ concentrations. Pore waterSO₄, Cl and alkalinity were determined; solids were analyzedfor SO₄, sulphide-S and organic-S. Sulphide-S was the dominant form of reduced S, averaging about0.5% S in the lower interval (2.5–4 m) of the cores. Sulphidewas absent in the upper 2.5 m in both topographically higher and lowerareas. Sulphate was present in the entire unit in the higher, drier areas,but almost absent in lower areas. Organic-S was insignificant. Our model for the origin of dissolved SO₄ is: fine-grainedpyrite was oxidized during hotter or drier periods. Some resulting dissolvedSO₄ was precipitated as gypsum. Iron from the pyriteprecipitated as FeOOH. Lower, wetter areas formed over time where recharginggroundwater dissolved most of the gypsum. In higher areas with low hydraulicgradients and high net evapotranspiration, SO₄ remained asgypsum and in the dissolved phase. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Bitumoids of Holocene Sediments in the Barents Sea

Doklady Earth Sciences - The results of studying the content, composition, and distribution of chloroform bitumoids (CBs) in the Holocene sediments of the Barents Sea (cruise 68 of the R/V Akademik...     

Holocene Siliceous Sediments in the Sea of Okhotsk

The mineral and chemical compositions and physical properties of diatomaceous clayey–siliceous sediments in the Sea of Okhotsk are studied. Absolute masses of silica accumulation are determined. Their compositional model based on the silica content is similar to that of Late Jurassic and Olenekian–middle Anisian cherts of the Sikhote Alin region. The thickness of the Holocene siliceous unit and the absolute mass of siliceous deposits depended on bioproductivity in the upper water column and the seafloor topography. Absolute masses of SiO₂ am (0.05–5.7 g cm^–2 ka^–1) and SiO₂ fr (0.5–11.6 g cm^–2 ka^–1) are minimal on seamounts and maximal in depressions near foothills. These values match absolute masses of SiO₂ fr accumulations in Triassic and Late Jurassic basins of the Sikhote Alin region (0.33–3 g cm^–2 ka^–1). Comparison of the composition and absolute masses of silica shows that Triassic and Late Jurassic siliceous sequences of Sikhote Alin could be accumulated in the marginal marine basin near a continent.     

Mineralogy of Holocene Sediments from the Southwestern Black Sea Shelf (Turkey) in Relation to Provenance, Sea-level and Current Regimes

Grain size and mineral composition of core sediments were used to investigate influences of various terrestrial and marine conditions, which have prevailed on the southwestern Black Sea shelf during the Holocene. Siliciclastic mud with small amounts of sand and gravel from nearby coastal hinterland is the principal sediment type, whereas sediments deposited near the shelf edge and the Istanbul Strait and off the Duru Lake （a paleo-river mouth） constitued large quantities of sand and gravel of both biogenic and terrigenic origin. Variable amounts of aragonite, 1 nmmicas, quartz, feldspars, calcite and dolomite constitute the dominant non-clay minerals in bulk sediments. The clay mineral assemblage in the 〈 2 μm fraction is made up of smectite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite. Aragonite and calcite are mainly derived from benthic accumulations, whereas feldspars （mainly plagioclase） and smectite reflect magmaticvolcanic provenance and the distribution of 1 nm-micas and chlorite correlate with nearby metamorphic sources onland. Nevertheless, grain size and mineral distribution generally indicate a combination of effects of wind and wave climate, longshore and offshore cyclonic currents, changing sea-level stands and nearby source rock and morphological conditions. It is also suggested that at least part of clay minerals could be derived from the northwesterly Danube River input.     

山东半岛东北部全新统研究新进展

全新世以来山东半岛东北部沿岸的相对海面（基准面）变化控制了入海河流河谷内全新统的发育,并通过影响进入海岸带碎屑物质的类型与数量,深刻影响了海岸带全新统的发育。全新世早期（１０～６ｋａ Ｂ． Ｐ．）快速的相对海面上升导致河谷溯源堆积,河流输沙中的推移质均堆积于河谷中,仅有悬移质进入海岸带堆积,因而海岸全新统下部均为细粒的海湾、湖、沼泽相沉积。全新世中期（６～４ｋａ Ｂ．Ｐ．）时海面虽已相对稳定,但早期基准面上升导致的河谷堆积作用仍在进行,因而中全新统的粗碎屑海岸沉积均为源于基岩海岸侵蚀的含贝壳砂砾石。从全新世后期（４ｋａ Ｂ．Ｐ．以来）开始有较丰富的河流推移质输沙进入海岸带,但由于不同规模河流对相对海面变化的地貌响应有显著差别,不同河流对海岸全新统发育的影响各不相同。上述结论为精确地解释低序列、小尺度地层层序提供了理论依据     

Research Advances in ESR Provenance Tracing Methods of Quartz in Sediments

The ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) signals of quartz is a newly developed sediment provenance tracing method. In this paper, the various ESR signals in quartz, historical development of quartz ESR signals in sediment provenance tracing, thermal stability characteristics of heat treated E’ center, the potential use of quartz nature E’ center and the irradiated Al/Ti center, as well as successful applications in aeolian sediments, river sediments and marine sediments provenance tracing, were briefly reviewed. The most useful ESR centers of quartz include the heat treated E’ center, the nature E’ center, the Al center and the Ti center. According to recent application researches, the heat-treated E’ center is the most commonly practiced among them while the significance of provenance tracing by Al and Ti centers are still in experimental and theoretical stage. Moreover, nature signal intensities of quartz E’ center not only show a significant dependence on lithology both in bedrocks and deposits, but also can reflect the mixture ratio of deposits with different types of sourced bedrocks. As for the study objects, this method has been successfully used in the studies of provenance area of East Asian dust, the temporal and spatial changes of Loess Plateau provenance, the provenance change of aeolian sediment over time and space on Japanese Islands, as well as sediment provenance tracing of Japan Sea sediments. In addition, the ESR provenance tracing of quartz has promising application prospect in quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of fluvial sediment provenance tracing. Along with the development of ESR dating, this method can significantly reflect and reconstruct the relationship among regional tectonic movements, geomorphic evolution, and climate evolution. In future work, the combination of trace elements provenance tracing and ESR signals provenance tracing in quartz will help improve and promote the development of sediments provenance tracing methods.     

Manganese Abnormity in Holocene Sediments of the Bohai Sea

Manganese abnormity has been observed in the Holocene sediments of the mud area of Bohai Sea. On the basis of grain size, chemical composition, heavy mineral content and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating of foraminifer, relationships between manganese abnormity and sedimentation rates, material source, hydrodynamic conditions are probed. Manganese abnormity occurred during the Middle Holocene when sea level and sedimentation rates were higher than those at present. Sedimentary hiatus was not observed when material sources and hydrodynamic conditions were quite similar. Compared with the former period, the latter period showed a decrease in reduction environment and an inclination toward oxidation environment with high manganese content, whereas provenance and hydrodynamic conditions showed only a slight change. From the above observations, it can be concluded that correlation among manganese abnormity, material source, and hydrodynamic conditions is not obvious. Redox environment seems to be the key factor for manganese enrichment, which is mainly related to marine authigenic process.     

松潘地区尕海盆地上白垩统热鲁组物源分析及其意义

运用Dickinson三角图解和碎屑锆石年龄分析方法,对松潘地区白龙江隆起西段尕海盆地上白垩统热鲁组物源及沉积背景进行了研究.热鲁组砂岩岩屑以变质岩为主,碎屑物质成分和结构成熟度较低;Dickinson三角图解显示热鲁组砂岩物源主要来自再旋回造山带的石英再旋回和过渡再旋回带;碎屑锆石分析显示最新年龄为137Ma,指示该地层时代应晚于早白垩世早期;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄基本上继承了区域上三叠纪地层的碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,说明热鲁组碎屑物质主要来自于区域上三叠纪地层,较少或几乎没有来自前三叠纪地层,而现今展布于盆地周围的下伏前三叠纪地层,晚白垩世时期尚未出露遭受剥蚀,同时这一结论也与松潘地区的热年代学数据揭示的构造背景相一致.