深切怀念我们的导师——李连捷院士

李连捷院士是杰出的土壤地理学家、我国土壤学的创始人之一 ,也是土壤地质学派的创史人。他有关土壤发生的地学基础背景的正确而鲜明的学术思想引导着土壤地理和土壤资源的研究、土地资源开发和研究生培养工作。他一方面不断学习国际上在这方面的学术发展动向及前沿 ;另一方面紧密结合中国发展的生产实际。他在 2 0世纪 5 0～ 6 0年代以综合考察 ,70年代以后以扎根基点的形式发展土壤科学、培养研究生。他一生刚正不阿、高风亮节 ,实为一代宗师。     

回顾中国土壤分类历史,缅怀一代宗师李连捷教授

李连捷先生是著名的土壤学家。因为有地质学的背景,他的土壤发生与分类研究特别注重地学因素,其中包括成土母质的影响。1932年他在燕京大学毕业后,跟随J.Thorp开始了他的土壤学专业生涯。J.Thorp1936的中国土壤分类系统即基于李连捷与他的同事们累积的土壤调查资料。李先生毕生从事土壤地理与土地资源研究,走遍中国许多地区,对揭示中国土壤的特性、发生和分布做出了突出贡献。解放前,李先生的土壤调查工作主要是建立土类和土系。解放后,他参加和领导了许多重大的服务于农业发展的土壤综合考察工作。通过土壤调查和教学活动,他为我国的土壤分类发展做出了突出贡献。他总是追求土壤分类的革新。他在晚年引入和介绍了美国土壤系统分类,支持建立“中国土壤系统分类”。     

恩师,您怎么走得那么急?——诀别之际的点滴回忆

2008年3月6日,北京传来噩耗：刘东生院士永远离开了我们。 没有人相信这是真的：先生身体不是好好的吗？虽然耄耋之年也听说稍有微恙,但经过治疗和调养很快出了院。不是吗？先生73岁那年去南极,79岁赴北极,86岁下南海,88岁走罗布泊,今年该91岁高寿了,还准备再给研究生上课,春节前出院,准备节后就上班呢! 但是,走了还是走了;先生近七十年的学术生涯画上了句号,但和蔼可亲的音容笑貌、平易近人的态度、孜孜不倦的精神和永不停歇的脚步永远驻留在人们的脑海中。 为悼念先生,回忆先生的为人,他的学生韩家懋研究员写下一篇短文,聊表怀念之情。     

成功的科学家——杨钟健先生——纪念恩师百岁诞辰浅论杨钟健学术道路

杨钟健先生(1897～1979)是我们敬爱的导师。他是一位成功的科学家。他离开我们已经18年了。他的一生与中国的古脊椎动物学和古人类学的发展是密不可分的。在今天纪念他诞辰100周年之际,我们回忆一下杨先生的科学道路,这将对这两门科学的发展能够有所借鉴。我自己在这方面学习不够,领会也不深,本文是抛砖引玉,希望更多的同志来探讨和研究杨先生的学术道路,以利后来学子们的学习。     

人物介绍——李月湘

李月湘,男,1955年8月生,湖南衡东人,高级工程师（研究员级）。1978年8月毕业于中南矿冶学院（现中南大学）地质系矿产地质勘探专业。现就职于核工业北京地质研究院,长期从事铀矿地质科研工作。先后主持或参加了国防科工委、中国核工业集团公司、中国核工业地质局、     

严谨治学一生，成果斐然学界——追忆恩师李文达先生

本文回顾了李文达先生的生平履历、工作经历,概要总结了李文达先生的主要学术成就,包括长江中下游硫化物矿床氧化带及铁帽评价研究、宁芜玢岩铁矿及其成矿模式、华南红土化作用地球化学及红土型金矿研究、中国东南部中生代火成岩与成矿作用研究等。列出了李文达先生的主要学术论著。     

为我国土壤科学的发展奋斗终生的李连捷院士

文章简述了李连捷先生为中国的土壤科学和为生产服务而奋斗的一生。20世纪40年代,他在去美国深造之前,就在国内到贵州、广西和华南的许多省区进行了大面积的土壤调查工作。新中国成立后,他欣然接受先后到黑龙江、青海和内蒙古等省区进行荒地资源垦殖的调查任务,并于50～60年代,先后参与和组织了对西藏、新疆等地多专业的大型综合考察。通过这些考察,为西部大开发摸清和积累了大批可贵的自然资源资料,为我国土壤的发生和分类、土地资源的合理利用以及国民经济的发展做出了积极贡献。李先生在他近半个世纪的教学工作中,为我国培养了大批土壤科学人才。他一生刚正不阿、高风亮节,为我们树立了学习的榜样。在李连捷先生逝世10周年之际,仅以此文表达对他的深切怀念。     

缅怀马溶之教授——纪念马溶之诞辰100周年

马溶之先生是我国著名土壤学家,首任中国科学院土壤研究所所长。由于他的广泛实践、深入探索和勇于创新,对中国土壤地理,包括土壤制图、土壤区划和土壤分布规律做出了杰出的贡献。他是中国土壤分类的革新者,推动了不同时期中国土壤分类的发展,其中,对干旱土、紫色土和水稻土有创新性研究。由于马先生对古土壤发生演化的研究,提供了古环境变化和黄土的生成信息,丰富了第四纪研究的内容,并从农业土壤研究的实践出发,深刻认识人为作用对土壤的影响,马先生有远见地意识到"人类世"的来临。作为全国土壤科学的组织者和领导者,马先生在为土壤资源开发、土壤改良和粮食安全以及为国民经济的建设呕心沥血而受到广泛的赞扬和尊敬。     

美国地球系统科学教育概况及对我国地球科学教育的启示

近年来，地球系统科学的概念在地球科学界越来越成为最受关注的话题。许多国家的地球科学战略及与地球科学领域的国际研究计划中，都引入了地球系统科学的观念。地球系统科学的出现源自于人类活动对全球变化影响的显著增强和地球监测能力的迅速提高。在地球科学各分支学科研究的基础上，地球系统科学可以使人们更深入地理解控制地球过去、现在和未来状态的物理、化学和生物相互作用。     

李连捷教授在南山

李连捷教授作为 1 973～ 1 978年北京农业大学专家工作组最年长的一位 ,深入湘桂交界的南岭西部的山地 ,为引种奶牛、肉牛建设山地牧场进行草地和土壤调查。当时生活和交通条件等均很差 ,近 70岁高龄的李老跋山涉水 ,步行到有关山地、坪地进行调查 ,并修建梯田 ,引种牧草 ,为开发南山牧场进行科学规划。特别是对南山的花岗岩风化土壤的保护和山地沼泽的保护等生态保护和合理用肥提出了关键性建议 ,保证了南山牧场的顺利发展 ,南山的人民永远不会忘记.     

关于李四光教授往事的回忆

李四光先生是我国老一辈地质学家之一,对地质学的许多分支学科作出了重要贡献。他建立了地质力学,并以发现中国第四纪冰川而闻名于世。我对1933年11月他在中国地质学会第十届年会上关于庐山第四纪冰川的理事长演说至今记忆犹新。作为一个科学家,他强调一个地质工作者首先要做好野外工作,一切地质假说和理论必须以事实为依据。作为新中国的第一任地质部部长,他鼓励地质工作者要为祖国的社会主义建设作出贡献。     

长江三角洲北翼如东县兵房钻孔粒度特征与沉积环境——缅怀恩师施雅风院士

将长江三角洲北翼如东县兵房孔(BF10)岩芯自下而上分为5个阶段(A,B,C,D和E段),对岩芯的岩性、沉积物粒度参数、频率分布曲线、概率累计曲线以及分选系数-中值粒径(σi-d(0.5))图和C-M图进行分析,结合已有文献资料和测年数据,研究表明:阶段A以粉砂和砂为主,分选中等以上占96％,概率累计曲线为三段式,以推移和跃移搬运为主,包含递变悬浮和均匀悬浮两个区域,水动力强度中等,属浅海环境;阶段B以砂为主,分选中等以上占96％,分选好的比例有所增加,概率累计曲线为三段式,以推移和跃移搬运为主,包含悬浮和滚动区、递变悬浮区,水动力强度中等,也属浅海环境;阶段C以粉砂和砂为主,分选中等以上比例超过86％,概率累计曲线为四段式,以推移和跃移组分为主,存在悬浮和滚动区、递变悬浮区、均匀悬浮区,该段沉积环境和水动力条件复杂,属于滨海环境;阶段D以砂为主,分选中等以上占95％,概率累计曲线为三段式,以推移和跃移组分为主,包含递变悬浮区和均匀悬浮区,水动力减弱,属受海洋作用控制的海湾环境;阶段E以粉砂为主,分选极好比例超过85％,概率累计曲线为三段式,以推移和跃移搬运为主,属均匀悬浮区,沉积水动力最弱,该段为粒径向上变细的潮坪环境.     

浅谈自然科学博物馆的科普教育功能和发展对策

阐述了自然科学博物馆的现状、存在的问题、面临的困境及应有的功能，并以湖南省地质博物馆为例，剖析了博物馆生存危机的深层次原因。自然科学博物馆的发展，一方面应立足于自然科学博物馆的科普教育功能，充分发掘其科学文化内涵，另一方面应通过引进联展、提高人员素质、改变管理模式等方式来促进博物馆的可持续发展。     

The occurrence and significance of biogenic opal in the regolith

Biogenic opal produced by vascular plants, diatoms, and siliceous sponges have been found in soils and terrestrial sediments of all continents except Antarctica since the middle of the 19th century. The opal particles range in size from fine silt to fine sand. Almost all soils contain detectable opal up to levels of 2–3%, and a significant number contain values in excess of 5%. Even higher values have been found from soils and sediments of all continents in a wide range of soil types. The most important factor is poor soil drainage and seasonal to permanent water logging. This encourages the proliferation of silica producing organisms. Such conditions have been found in the soils and aquatic sediments of the monsoonal tropics, tropical rain forests, temperate forests, tropical savanna, tropical islands, semi-arid grasslands and savanna, and temperate woodland and grassland. The presence of a volcanic substrate also appears favourable in some cases, but is not necessary. Biogenic opal preferentially collects in the A horizon of soils and, to a lesser extent, in the B horizon. This preferential distribution facilitates identification of palaeosols in stacked soil sequences. Biogenic opal is also a component of windblown dust, even in arid environments. Biogenic opal is significant to regolith processes in a number of ways. Firstly, as in the case in marine environments, it is likely to be important in silica cycling and storage because of its greater lability compared to quartz. Secondly, dissolution and reprecipitation of opal A as opal CT or micro-quartz may play a role in cementation and silicification of regolith to form silica hardpans and silcrete. Thirdly, the organisms that form biogenic opal can have considerable palaeoenvironmental significance and be valuable in reconstructing regolith evolution. Finally, some forms of biogenic silica, in particular sponge spicules, can present a health hazard. Their high abundance in some soils and sediments needs to be considered when assessing the health implications of airborne dust.     

Thinking like a geologist: The culture of geology Mawson lecture 1996∗

Geology plays a crucial role in both the scientific and the popular culture; it has transformed the way ordinary people look at the world over the last two centuries. Much of this transformation is understood in terms of information about the age of the earth, the disposition of the continents, and the evolution of living things. The two main concerns of this paper are with geology as education, and geology as a system of thought, a way of thinking about the world. My central question is how does a grounding in geology affect the cast of mind, the way one thinks, perceives and behaves? What is the culture of geology? Conclusions are of two kinds. Some of the propositions advanced about the nature of geology in relation to the other sciences and our general culture are: (i) there is no hierarchy of the sciences; (ii) geology is a Romantic science rather than a Classical one; (iii) there is no such thing as the scientific method; (iv) geologists often attempt to reconcile competing hypotheses; (v) geological phenomena are often of an almost irreducible complexity and their investigation is beset by problems of scale, both spatial and temporal; and (vi) the concept of ‘universality’ has a distinctive application in geology. Among the non‐professional uses of geology are: (i) human history is incomplete without environmental history; (ii) geology has application in environmental planning and management, but this requires judgement and experience as knowledge of the geology is not enough, it is equally important to know when it can safely be overridden, when it is useful background, and when it is critically important to decision‐making; and (iii) an awareness of the geology of a region enhances the sense of place—our sense of our individual and communal identities owes much to an awareness of place.     

Societal Responsibility and Development Trends of Global Soil Studies and the Provisions for China: Lessons from the Status of the 《World’s Soil Resources Report》

2015 is the International Year of Soil (IYS) adopted by the 378th Congress of the United Nations. The Status of the World’s Soil Resources was released by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, which was the policy report about the status of the world soil resources for the first time. The universal values of the global community were strengthened by the challenges for the global society from the risk and safety of the change of soil quality, functions, services and soil health. One third of the world soil resources were suffering serious degradation, which could affect the food security in the future, regional development and local conflicts in the report. The major task of the global monitoring, regulation and management of the world soil resources and the social responsibility of supporting the sustainable soil management by education, research and technology development were highlighted. The social responsibility and global development trends of soil science and management strategies were discussed by the keywords, the distribution of contributing authors and the citation of the references, as well as the main contents of the report. The keywords distribution of the report showed that the focus of the soil research included the change of soil quality, processes, functions and services induced by the natural driving forces, human’s activity and soil degradation, as well as the hotspots covered soil carbon/nitrogen-water-biological pool and distribution related with the biogeochemistry, global climate change and ecosystem functions and human health. The number and structure of the cited papers showed that the integration research based on the mega-data analysis were the prominent development trend of the soil science. The geographic distribution of all the contributing authors showed that dominant discourse of the global soil science were grasped by the developed countries including Europe and the United States, China had just limited effects on the global soil science. It is urgent to promote China’s soil science research and the services for global society.