重磁电(井)震综合物探技术在识别达巴松凸起石炭系深部火山岩中的应用

近年来, 准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩勘探屡获突破, 展现了火山岩储层良好的勘探前景。由于准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩存在埋藏深度大, 受勘探手段和地球物理资料品质等因素的制约, 深层火山岩的识别与解释目前仍存在诸多困难和问题, 为油田地震勘探工作带来了极大困难。如何通过现有物探方法和技术提高深部火山岩的分辨、识别能力, 具有很强的理论和实际意义。由于特殊地质体在密度、磁化率或电阻率等物性组合方面存在特殊性, 因此可通过多方法综合物探技术对其进行综合识别、限定。本文在深入分析达巴松凸起钻井、物性资料的基础上, 利用重磁电异常信息模式判别技术, 预测了石炭系火山岩的平面展布, 缩小和锁定了深层火山岩地震勘探的有利靶区; 再以地震相分析、地震属性解释、构造制图及综合评价为主要技术手段, 对深层火山岩进行定量识别和预测, 落实和优选了深层火山岩有利勘探目标, 并取得了良好效果。总结了深层特殊地质体勘探的高精度地震资料采集和重磁电震(井)综合应用、联合反演解释等手段, 极大地提高了准噶尔盆地深层火成岩的勘探精度。     

基于正演模拟的火山岩重磁响应特征研究:以川西地区二叠系为例

近期的川西地区深层火山岩勘探成果表明该地区二叠系火山岩具有巨大勘探潜力,但目前以地震为主的勘探手段在精细刻画火山岩分布范围等方面尚存在困难,本研究尝试通过重磁方法为火山岩勘探提供更多有利证据。利用川西地区最新的重磁资料,结合现有地质认识分析川西地区重磁物性特征;根据不同模型的重磁正演模拟结果,总结川西地区深层火山岩重磁响应特征。通过实测重磁资料处理,分析研究区断裂分布特征和高磁异常分布规律。研究表明:(1)正演结果显示磁力异常对火山岩的反应敏感,重力异常对断裂构造反应明显,但对火山岩无明显反应;(2)磁力异常对火山岩的刻画能力较为突出,能够识别出厚度大于45 m的火山岩,但对于火山岩埋深、岩性变化的识别存在困难;(3)通过研究区重力异常解译出的断裂构造与研究区已知断裂构造吻合度较高,同时利用磁力异常刻画的火山岩分布情况与现有认识也具有可比性。重磁勘探在四川盆地火山岩勘探中具有重要作用,重力勘探可探明控制火山岩分布的深大断裂的发育情况,磁力勘探能够识别出火山岩平面分布特征,快速圈定有利靶区,进而为火山岩勘探提供有力的重磁依据。     

重力-地震联合反演解释技术在拉布达林盆地油气资源评价中的应用

内蒙古拉布达林盆地面积大、油气勘探程度很低.由于浅层广泛分布的火山岩的强反射屏蔽作用造成地震勘探对深层成像差,难以评价盆地油气勘探潜力.为了解决盆地主要目的层上库力组底界深度及沉积岩分布不清的问题,对盆地南部二维地震资料开展重力-地震联合反演解释.通过在GM-SYS重磁剖面解释软件中加载地震剖面,建立重力模型,利用地震浅层可靠解释成果做约束条件,消除上覆火山岩的重力干扰,减少了重力反演深层构造界面的多解性,成功地反演了盆地上库力组底界深度、沉积岩厚度,指出巴彦哈达断陷为有利勘探区,在此基础上估算出油气资源量.     

重磁电震井综合地球物理技术应用研究——以西北缘车排子凸起南部石炭系火山岩为例

通过对车排子凸起南部石炭系油藏精细解剖认为,油藏为构造控制的岩性油气藏。目前已有的三维地震资料的石炭系内幕成像较差,对石炭系火山岩平面分布特征未有清晰认识,制约了该区油气勘探的全面展开。利用重、磁、电、震、井综合地球物理技术,对石炭系火山岩目的层进行井震标定、对比追踪,基于密度、磁化率、极化率异常匹配关系,并对石炭系基底断裂、火山岩岩性分布进行研究,在平面、空间上识别出一系列纵横叠置、不同序列、不同期次的火山岩体。据石油地质条件分析,综合评价5个含油气有利目标,8个含油气较有利目标,为下一步油气勘探及井位部署提供了理论依据。研究结果表明,高精度重、磁、电、井、震"五维一体"综合物探技术是解决石炭系火山岩油气勘探的重要手段。     

准噶尔盆地莫索湾—陆西地区基于重磁资料的石炭系火山岩识别

该文首先从研究区内岩石的磁性、密度测量结果出发,阐述了利用重磁方法圈定火山岩的可行性。然后利用频率域滤波和边界增强技术,获得由石炭系火山岩引起的剩余重磁异常及其垂向二阶导数和Tilt导数,据此划定出研究区内火山活动带,并根据准噶尔地区火山机构岩相模式和重磁异常的对应关系,在各火山活动带内圈定火山机构。同时以剩余重磁异常的视密度和视磁化率反演结果为基础,结合重磁异常的组合情况和实测岩石物性数据,确定研究区内火山岩岩性分布情况。最后利用磁力数据开展欧拉反演,定量了解研究区火山岩的埋深情况,并在地震数据的约束下,选择典型剖面开展二维重磁联合正演,刻画剖面地质结构和火山岩垂向分布。总之,通过重磁异常研究,获得了火山岩及其岩性的空间分布情况,为后续进一步的火山岩油气勘探提供了依据。     

重磁电井震“五位一体”火山岩识别技术在滴南凸起石炭系天然气勘探中的应用

2006年克拉美丽气田发现之后,滴南凸起南带被作为寻找下一个千亿方气区的重点领域。但从2011年开始,随着风险探井KM1的失利,该区带钻探工作处于停滞状态。存在的主要地质问题是多井钻揭火山沉积相是否发育规模火山岩情况不明。本文利用重磁电测震"五位一体"综合火山岩体识别技术,重力-地震定构造及地层格局、磁力-电法-测井-地震定岩性岩相,明确了滴南凸起南北分带的构造格局及石炭系展布特征,刻画了多个火山岩体目标,DT1、KM001井相继获得突破,新的石炭系天然气规模气区初步展现。     

庐枞火山岩盆地及其外围重、磁场特征

为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江-枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地的深部构造和地壳结构,2007年初在庐枞火山岩盆地进行了以深反射地震剖面探测为主的,新一轮重力、磁力和大地电磁剖面测量。作者在前人研究的基础上对庐枞火山岩盆地及其外围重、磁场特征进行了研究。作者首先分析长江中下游地区重、磁场的分布特征,然后以区域重、磁场特征为背景来认识庐枞地区重、磁场的分布特征。研究各类地质体的物性参数是开展地球物理解释的前提,文中收集并分析了前人对庐枞地区的岩石物性的较为系统研究成果。为了提取重、磁异常的特征,文中对重、磁异常进行了位场转换和图像处理。利用新的深反射地震剖面探测和大地电磁剖面研究成果,采用定性和定量解释方法对庐枞地区重、磁场的分布特征进行了研究并提出新的认识。庐枞火山岩盆地深部存在隐伏的磁性强的中碱性岩类是产生区域磁异常的主要原因。庐枞火山岩盆地下部火成岩所侵入的地层向盆地东南方向延伸,盆地的西北边界向东南方向倾斜。而在罗河断裂带以西没有火成岩存在。亦即庐枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东发育的非对称火山盆地。另外,在庐枞火山岩盆地西部边缘罗河深部存在切穿莫霍面的断裂带沿北东向延展数十千米。     

内蒙二连盆地北部重磁电资料综合解释预测含油有利区

针对中石化在内蒙二连盆地北部新区的勘探工作,收集、整理并连片处理了区内及外围航磁、重力与电法资料,在此基础上应用常规重磁数据处理技术和有特色的重磁异常优化滤波技术、航磁异常全梯度深度标定技术,结合其它物探资料和已知地质资料进行了综合解释并对成油远景进行了分析,提出了下一步勘探部署建议。进一步证明非地震方法在沉积盆地圈定和含油有利区带预测中具有良好的应用效果,也显示了老资料重新处理解释的不菲效益。     

高精度重力测量在云南勐腊地区某岩盐矿勘查中的应用

云南勐腊地区某岩盐矿进行了1∶50 000高精度重力测量,通过分析重力异常,并反演了穿过异常中心的1条地震剖面以及岩盐体顶底界面,与已知钻孔资料一致,表明反演的可靠性。通过重力异常及反演,结合地质解释推断岩盐体的成因及规模,为下一步勘探评价提供了依据。     

电磁资料在柴达木盆地东部地区石炭系勘探中的应用

以柴达木盆地东部新采集的电磁资料为基础,同时以钻井、地震资料为约束,结合其他勘探资料、重力资料进行柴东地区石炭系综合研究、联合解释。研究过程中,首先对电磁资料进行了前期的预处理和反演,主要采用了一维Bostick反演、一维连续介质反演、二维共轭梯度反演、二维连续介质反演及最优化电性分层等反演技术;而后通过对电磁资料进行联合解释和综合研究,得出了柴达木盆地东部石炭系厚度图、石炭系埋深图等柴东地区综合研究成果;最后利用上述研究成果预测了柴达木盆地东部石炭系含油气有利区带,并且进一步针对柴达木盆地东部石炭系勘探提出了有意义的结论和建议。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)