西藏铁格隆南浅成低温热液型-斑岩型Cu-Au矿床流体及地质特征研究

铁格隆南铜金矿床(荣那矿段)是在西藏班公湖_怒江成矿带上多龙矿集区内发现的青藏高原首例高硫化型浅成低温热液型Cu(Au)矿床。文章通过对铁格隆南铜金矿床金属矿物、蚀变矿物组合、蚀变分带及流体包裹体地球化学特征的研究,初步确定了矿床类型,探讨了矿床成因。铁格隆南矿区存在硫砷铜矿、铜蓝、蓝辉铜矿等典型的高硫化态矿物组合和黄铜矿、斑铜矿等斑岩型矿床的典型矿物,此外,还识别出久辉铜矿、斯硫铜蓝、吉硫铜矿等少见的Cu_S二元体系矿物组合。矿床蚀变矿物组合以典型的强酸性环境下的明矾石_高岭石_地开石等黏土矿物组合为特征,并见金红石、锐钛矿、硬石膏、磷锶铝石、叶蜡石、水铝石等特征蚀变矿物。蚀变分带特征为石英_明矾石_高岭石/地开石带和高岭石_地开石带组成的高级泥化带叠加在绢英岩化带和钾化带的顶部和外围。矿区存在高温、高盐度(404~430℃,32.39%~38.94%)的岩浆流体和中低温、低盐度(239~292℃,0.35%~4.18%)的高硫化型矿化流体。高温、高盐度富气相(主要是H2O、HCl、SO2)的岩浆流体与大气降水的混合,形成的强酸性高氧逸度的中低温、低盐度流体,是高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床蚀变和矿化形成的关键。多龙矿集区具有较典型的斑岩型_浅成低温热液成矿系统的矿物组合、蚀变组合及成矿流体特征,因此预测矿集区内还能找到类似的斑岩型_浅成低温热液型矿床。     

北祁连西段鹰咀山蚀变碎裂岩型金矿床控矿因素和成因

本文论述了北祁连西段鹰咀山金矿床区域地质背景、矿床成矿地质条件、矿体特征、围岩蚀变、矿化和矿床地球化学特点，认为金矿床主要受多级断裂系统和火山碎屑岩控制，金矿化与蚀变碎裂岩带关系密切，是一种蚀变碎裂岩型金矿床。流体包裹体测温结果为中高温，成分以低盐度以及富CO2和H2O为特征；稳定同位素组成表明，成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主，晚期混有大量大气降水。     

塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系碳酸盐岩中两种来源热流体的地质与地球化学证据

塔里木盆地西北缘西克尔-巴楚-柯坪地区处于巴楚-柯坪断隆带活动区,构造活动强烈.该区出露的中下奥陶统鹰山组发育大量的热液蚀变现象,既有溶蚀形成的大小孔洞、疏松灰岩层,也有各类充填的脉体,如萤石矿、硫磺石膏矿等.通过野外露头观察和采样,并对受热流体作用的样品进行了包裹体测温测盐、微量元素和硫同位素分析.结果显示研究区主要有两种流体来源:岩浆热液和地层热液.研究表明:(1)岩浆热液主要影响研究区南西段,形成萤石、重晶石、方铅矿等矿物,流体包裹体盐度低(0.5％ ～7.5％ NaCleqv)、均一化温度相对较高(142 ～ 283℃);地层热液作用范围则主要位于研究区北东段,生成白云石、方解石、石英等矿物,流体包裹体盐度高(16％ ～ 23.3％ NaCleqv)、均一化温度低(70～ 138℃);而研究区中段同时受到两种来源热液的混合作用,包裹体盐度(7.5％～18.3％ NaCleqv)和均一化温度(142 ～ 163℃)介于前两者之间;(2)热液硬石膏、硫磺的硫同位素富含32S,δ4S平均为-9.57％,说明硬石膏是H2S气体与灰岩反应的产物,硫化氢很可能来自有机物的热裂解.     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿作用

文章对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿床流体包裹体的温度、盐度、密度和成分等进行了系统的分析研究,厘定了成矿流体的类型及基本性质,并对该地区铀成矿的物理化学条件和成矿流体来源进行了初步探讨。研究表明,该地区白岗岩型铀矿床的成矿流体可分为2个期次:主成矿期和叠加改造期。主成矿期的流体为岩浆晚期的残余高温、低盐度热液,其气相成分主要是CO2,含少量H2O、N2和CH4;叠加改造期的流体为中-低温、低盐度热液,其气相成分以CO2和H2O为主,含少量CH4和N2,来源于岩浆期后热液与大气水的混合。     

新疆西天山高硫化型京希-伊尔曼德金矿床的识别标志及其找矿意义

经过详细的野外地质勘查、热液蚀变及蚀变矿物学研究，流体包裹体和同位素研究，首次将西天山京希－伊尔曼德金矿床确定为高硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床。该矿床的主要识别标志为：发育以多孔状石英为特征的硅化蚀变带和高级泥化蚀变带；成矿流体性质为低盐度[W(NaCl)为0.3-4.2%]、低pH值（3－4）和高氧化态；氧同位素δ（^18O)为1.7 ‰-4.3‰,δ(D)为－60‰--80‰。金主要富集在高级泥化带和中心硅化蚀变带内。系统研究和总结了成矿地质－地球化学制约因素以及区域、靶区和勘探区尺度的找矿标志。     

新疆青河县科克萨依金矿构造-流体演化

科克萨依金矿位于新疆北部青河县境内,额尔齐斯构造-成矿带东南的布尔根地区。通过野外调查和室内综合研究,对其构造-蚀变、成矿流体进行了详细分析,讨论了构造-流体演化特征。研究表明:(1)金矿化与韧性剪切带的构造-蚀变作用密切相关,糜棱岩化强烈,强片理化、亚晶、变形纹、流动构造等结构发育。SEM-CL显示重结晶结构、溶解结构以及多期复合剪切结构特征,表明变形变质作用强烈。伴随构造-热液活动,硅化、黄铁矿化强烈,并具一定的空间分带,与金矿化关系密切。(2)包裹体类型有L_(H_2O)-V_(H_2O)、L_(H_2O)-L_(CO_2)、L_(H_2O)型三种,流体的演化表现为早期中高温、低盐度、富CO_2,随着中晚期阶段剪切带变形增强导致变形分解以及裂隙愈合,逐渐演化成中低温、低盐度的富H_2O流体。(3)科克萨依金矿具有造山型金矿特点,剪切带构造-热液蚀变为主要的控矿因素,其构造-成矿流体的演化特征与剪切带演化过程吻合。     

滇中小水井金矿床成矿流体地球化学及矿床类型

水井金矿床赋存于哀牢山造山带红河断裂东缘韧-脆性剪切构造破碎带中,容矿岩石为砂-泥岩、灰岩之角砾岩、碎裂岩。硫、碳同位素研究表明,流体中碳、硫来自深部或地幔;氢氧同位素的组成特征则表明成矿热液主要为天水下渗及地下水循环从构造活动及岩体获得热源而形成的混合热液流体。矿物包裹体类型以液相为主,少量气相出现。矿石中的石英包裹体液相成分阳离子以Na＋、K＋为主,阴离子以Cl-、SO42-为主,气相成分以H2O、CO2为主,间有CH4、CO出现,属H2O—CO2—NaCl体系。主要成矿阶段包裹体均一温度为180℃~260℃之间,成矿深度约为1.0km,流体密度0.65~0.9g/？3,流体盐度w（NaCleq）4.97%~7.76%。小水井金矿床属于浅成条件下,由中低温、低盐度、低密度的混合热液流体在韧-脆性剪切构造带中形成的金矿床,成因类型应归属于浅成造山型金矿床,应用类型为构造蚀变岩型金矿。     

西藏曲水县色甫金铜矿成矿流体性质与来源

色甫金铜矿是新近在冈底斯南缘新生代斑岩成矿带内揭示的一个叠加于热液脉型铜矿上的浅成低温热液型金矿.详细的野外地质调查显示,色甫金铜矿和邻近的鸡公西矿区范围内先后经历了早始新世磁铁矿化、晚始新世-早渐新世与韧性剪切活动有关、早中新世钼矿化和铜矿化以及稍晚的金矿化等多期热液活动.对各期流体活动形成的石英中流体包裹体的岩相学、显微测温、显微激光拉曼和氢-氧同位素分析显示,与磁铁矿化有关的流体为岩浆热液混合建造水的高温、高盐度富水流体;与钼矿化有关的流体为岩浆热液与大气降水混合的高温、高盐度富水流体;与铜矿体形成有关的流体为具有岩浆贡献的中高温含CO2低盐度流体与大气降水来源的低温低盐度富水流体混合的产物;与金矿体形成有关的流体为具有岩浆贡献的中温含CO2±CH4±N2的中低盐度流体与大气降水来源的低温低盐度富水流体混合的产物.利用流体包裹体显微测温对其捕获温压估算的结果显示,铜矿体和钼矿化体形成前,该地区有过1.5~4.1 km的剥蚀,之后至金矿体形成前时有过近6 km的剥蚀,金矿体形成后剥蚀为0.8~1.2 km.矿区后续工作应优先针对近南北向断裂中赋存的蚀变岩型金矿开展工作.     

西藏邦铺斑岩钼(铜)矿床钾硅酸盐化热液黑云母电子探针分析及早期成矿流体特征

热液黑云母的化学组成对于揭示早期成矿流体的物理化学性质和流体演化过程具有重要意义。邦铺矿床是冈底斯成矿带东段一个大型的斑岩型钼(铜)矿床,其钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内热液黑云母广泛发育,本文对采自该矿床闪长玢岩钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内的热液黑云母进行了电子探针分析。结果表明,热液黑云母的SiO_2、TiO_2、Al_2O_3、FeO~T、MgO和K_2O等主要氧化物的平均含量为38.95%、1.42%、13.55%、14.22%、16.23%和9.77%,具有明显的高镁低铁、高钾低钠钙等特征,且异常高的K/Na值(82.5)可能是指示斑岩型钼矿化的重要指标。依据化学组成估算热液黑云母结晶时流体的氧逸度和温度,显示钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内早期成矿流体具有高温、高氧逸度特征,且深部流体平均温度(458℃)明显高于浅部流体(366℃),成矿流体从深部向浅部运移的过程中,温度和压力逐渐降低,导致钼、铜硫化物从流体中析出从而成矿。该成果为进一步研究矿床成矿流体的演化和成矿机制提供了重要线索。     

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床成矿流体特征

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床为一大型矽卡岩型矿床。成矿作用分为两期5个阶段,包裹体显微测温研究表明:Ⅰ-1阶段主要发育气液两相包裹体(VL型)、富气相包裹体(LV型)及含Na Cl子矿物三相包裹体(SL型)。VL型包裹体均一温度变化范围为375.4℃~479.8℃,盐度为10.73%~13.73%Na Cleqv;LV型包裹体均一温度变化范围为415.2℃~458.4℃,盐度为5.32%~7.67%Na Cleqv;SL型包裹体均一温度变化范围为434.6℃~497.5℃,盐度为42.15%~45.25%Na Cleqv。Ⅰ-1阶段流体属中-高温、高盐度的不混溶Na Cl--H2O体系热液。Ⅰ--2阶段发育VL型和LV型两类包裹体,VL型包裹体均一温度的变化范围为202.3℃~345.7℃,盐度为5.17%~11.22%Na Cleqv;LV型包裹体均一温度为265.7℃~381.9℃,盐度1.98%~5.01%Na Cleqv。Ⅰ--2阶段流体性质为中温、中等盐度的不均匀Na Cl--H2O体系热液。Ⅱ--2阶段(主成矿阶段)主要发育VL型包裹体,均一温度分布于165.9℃~258.7℃,盐度为0.83%~5.62%Na Cleqv,说明流体性质为中--低温、低盐度的均一Na Cl--H2O体系热液。在流体由中--高温、高盐度不均匀Na Cl--H2O体系向中--低温、低盐度的均一Na Cl--H2O体系热液演化的过程中,金属元素逐渐富集并最终形成矿床。包裹体中碳氢氧同位素的研究证明早期流体来源以岩浆水为主,并有少量大气降水的参与;而晚期流体来源主要为大气降水。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861