北山北部古生代两类花岗岩及有关矿床的钕同位素特征

北山北部地处西伯利亚地台与哈萨克斯坦-北山板块汇聚带内，区内各种类型花岗岩体分布广泛，并且与金属矿床具密切空间分布关系。所有这些花岗岩可划分为两种成因类型，即深源型和浅源型，前者全岩样品εNd（t）值均为正值，而后者的εNd（t）值均为负值。研究结果表明，幔源岩浆活动导致了深源型花岗岩、铜、钼-金和铁矿床的形成，而壳源岩浆活动为浅源型花岗岩、钨和钨-锡-铋矿床的形成提供了物质和动力来源。两种成因类型花岗岩的厘定对于探讨本区地壳演化历史、揭示成矿作用本质和指导找矿勘查均具重要意义。     

太古宙花岗岩中的暗色包体

在华北陆台北缘太古宙花岗质岩石的成因研究中,对其中的暗色包体进行了较详细的矿物学和岩相学研究,从中获得了许多反映花岗质岩浆来源及其成岩演化过程的信息,从而为花岗岩的岩浆起源提供了证据。这些暗色岩包体按成因及来源可分为:深源火成岩包体,围岩包体及深熔同生包体。研究表明,深源火成岩包体是花岗岩的母岩浆(基性岩浆)的早期结晶分离相,有些包体可能代表岩浆源区—上地幔岩的岩块。而深熔同生包体和围岩包体则是在深熔岩浆的形成过程中母岩中难熔组分的聚集物和岩浆上侵过程中捕获围岩的产物。     

藏南邛多江地区花岗岩地球化学特征及成因类型

本文以邛多江变质核杂岩中花岗岩为研究对象、分别对仲格耐和倾日二长花岗岩体及相关岩脉的代表性全岩样品主元素、微量元素和稀土元素进行了系统测定。研究结果表明,所研究的2处花岗岩环(株)无论在岩相学和矿物学上,还是在元素地球化学方面均兼具壳幔型花岗岩特点,部分微量元素的特征比值和稀土元素分布型式完全可与高钾钙—碱性系列火成岩相对比。根据全岩样品的矿物学和地球化学特征,可以推断,仲格耐和倾日花岗岩环(株)是深源岩浆与地壳浅部岩(体)层相互作用的结果,而并非是泥质类岩石通过深熔和岩浆结晶分异的产物。仲格耐和倾日花岗岩体的成岩作用与后碰撞造山作用晚期阶段大规模拆离构造活动有关,属后碰撞造山环境中的壳幔型花岗岩。     

华北地台含钼和含金花岗岩系的地质地球化学及其成矿…

总结了华北地台三个钼矿集中区中典型含钼花岗岩素和七个金矿集中典型含金花岗岩系的特点，对比了含钼和含金花岗岩系产出的地质背景、岩石学及矿物学、微量元素及稀土元素、锶同位素组成等，认为含钙和含金花岩系都是深融浅侵位的钙碱性岩系。含钼花岗岩源岩主要为下地壳源，但有部分地幔物质的加入；含金花岗岩源岩为下地壳源，由于岩系物源的差，分异演化程度和成岩作用的不同，导致它们的成矿作用也不用。     

阿尔泰诺尔特地区花岗岩形成时代及成因类型

诺尔特地区位于阿尔泰北部山区，西伯利亚板块西南缘。花岗岩广泛分布，主要为加里东晚期、华力西中晚期花岗岩，少量燕山期花岗岩。岩石学、岩石化学、稀土元素及同位素研究表明，诺尔特地区各期花岗岩属于向典型的S型花岗岩过渡的系列，由于源区物质中存在幔源混合物，导致了区内各期花岗岩与S型花岗岩在成岩物质来源上的区别。     

花岗岩，明天我们如何研究?

花岗岩研究几百年了，取得了很多成绩，也出现了许多问题。今天的花岗岩研究存在很多争论，主要表现在如下11个方面：中国东部中新生代岩浆活动与太平洋板块俯冲的关系问题、花岗岩分离结晶问题、水岩交换问题、构造环境问题、埃达克岩与压力的关系以及Sr/Y值等问题。针对花岗岩的现状，文中着重探讨了今后花岗岩如何研究的问题，并提出3点建议。一是要解体岩浆岩类，将花岗岩从岩浆岩类中独立出来(与玄武岩并列)。岩浆岩包括幔源以及壳源两种类型的岩石，其中分布最广的是玄武岩和花岗岩。玄武岩是幔源的，花岗岩是壳源的，二者有很大的不同。而仅仅因为玄武岩和花岗岩都属于岩浆岩而要把花岗岩与玄武岩捆绑在一起，用一个理论统一解释玄武岩与花岗岩的问题，实践证明是行不通的。二是花岗岩研究要从源头抓起，从变质岩部分熔融产生的熔体抓起，要改变花岗岩专家过分关注对侵入体研究的偏向，把精力集中到花岗岩起源的研究上来。三是下地壳填图可能是今后很长一个时期花岗岩需要重点研究的领域，是花岗岩地球动力学意义之所在。变质岩部分熔融形成的熔体是与残留体处于平衡的，不同的花岗岩有不同的特征，主要反映了他们形成的源岩的特征。变质岩与花岗岩之间存在因果...     

大兴安岭查巴奇地区中生代侵入岩岩石地球化学特征及构造背景

大兴安岭查巴奇地区中生代侵入岩位于嫩江断裂带西侧,其东侧为隆起带与断陷盆地连结处,该区构造研究可为大兴安岭的隆升造山研究提供信息。研究区花岗质岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,这些侵入岩主要形成于早侏罗世和晚侏罗世,重新修正了前人把研究区二长花岗岩划归晚二叠世的观点。岩石化学特征表明,研究区侵入岩均属于钙碱性岩,具有属于高钾、硅饱和或过饱和岩石;依据系列判别图解显示研究区不同时期的花岗质岩石均为壳幔混熔的I型花岗岩,均形成于长期稳定环境下,两期花岗岩形成环境又存在差异,早期石英和英云闪长岩为挤压型,形成压力较高的深源,晚期二长花岗岩为挤压-引张过渡型,形成于压力相对较小的浅源,形成过程中可能存在花岗岩时空上的演化不均一性,该区中生代侵入岩的形成与地壳厚度的关系可作为大兴安岭中生代地壳乃至岩石圈的减薄及伸展造山过程的辅证。     

海拉尔盆地西部蚀源区岩石提供铀源能力的研究

利用U-Pb同位素组成演化对海拉尔盆地西部西胡里吐盆地蚀源区火山岩类和克鲁伦凹陷蚀源区花岗岩类岩石的研究表明:蚀源区岩石原始铀含量(U0)较高,火山岩类平均U0为10.061×106,铀变化系数(ΔU)平均为49.57%;花岗岩类平均U0为18.381×106,ΔU平均为80%。这些结果显示了蚀源区岩石能为沉积砂体提供预富集的物质基础,也能提供成矿铀源。岩石的U-Ra平衡系数研究表明,火山岩类存在明显的U-Ra不平衡现象,而花岗岩提供成矿铀源应发生在16000a以前。     

稀有元素花岗岩成岩成矿作用——兼评成因认识的演变

本文概括地介绍了世界稀有元素矿化花岗岩的六种成因模式。以地质、地球化学和实验资料论述了稀有元素矿化花岗岩的成岩成矿作用:①主要应是岩浆成因,但又常伴生岩浆期后的交代;②稀有元素锂、氟花岗岩可能的分异是上部液态分离,下部分离结晶;③可能存在深源与浅源两类稀有元素矿化花岗岩。     

江西赣县大地热流特征与热源机制研究

江西省赣县区位于江西省南部、属于我国东南高热流区,但赣县区内大地热流研究尚属空白,制约了区域地热背景的综合认知和进一步研究评价。本次研究基于钻孔测温及岩心样品热导率测试数据,通过分析校正得到赣县地区平均大地热流值为75.9mW/m²,高于我国大陆地区平均热流值,反映了区域具有较高的热背景。通过放射性测试,得到研究区花岗岩体放射性生热率平均为5.68μW/m³,属于高放射性岩体,大面积分布的高产热花岗岩,可为区域地热背景提供稳定的附加热源,此外贯穿本区的深大断裂及其次生断裂给热水提供了深循环通道加热,因此推测研究区地热资源的热源机制为“地下水深循环加热+高产热花岗岩体生热”的模式。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861