地学多源数据集成方法分析与应用

地学数据库是地调成果数据资料的汇总和集成,是地质调查信息化建设的重要体现.随着地学信息资源的不断积累,以应用为目的的多源数据信息的集成开发和利用将是推进国家地质工作不断前进的动力,能更好地为地调科研和社会大众服务.阐述了地学多源数据的产生,并对多源数据的集成方法进行了分析,介绍了通过GIS软件实现多源数据集成的技术基础和应用方法.     

基于SOA的油气资源评价系统设计与实现

传统的开发模式很难将多源、异构的地学数据集成起来。本文建立了以SOA为．基本架构、分层的油气资源评价服务体系结构，使用Web服务对已有的数据访问组件和地学计算组件进行封装和发布，与新开发的地学Web服务组件一起由WSM统一注册和管理，使用BPEL进行灵活地流程设计满足不同评价的业务需要，通过门户等多种客户端工具调用评价服务并将结果展示给用户。应用结果表明，采用SOA实现了地学数据和应用一体化集成与共享，迭到了油气资源评价系统要求，为地学系统开发提供了一个新的参考模型。     

地学G4 I 系统中空间元数据的设计技术

地学G4 I 系统是以四学科( 地质学、地理学、地球化学及地球物理学) 地学数据集成为基础,以中大比例尺矿产资源评价为服务目标的计算机系统。由于跨学科地学空间数据集成涉及到众多技术,其中空间元数据的内容与应用构成本系统的重要组成部分。笔者就元数据的概念及元数据在本系统中的具体内容、作用、标准及研究现状等进行探讨,并针对本系统提出元数据管理子系统的设计框架。     

面向应用的多源地学数据集成管理方案初探

在分析了基层地勘部门地学数据管理现状以及专业应用系统对多源地学数据应用需求的基础上,以基层部门能够共享和重复应用现有地学数据为目标,从数据存储、管理、访问以及管理系统架构等关键问题上,研究了地学数据集成管理系统平台建设,初步尝试了基于GIS建立面向专业应用的多源地学数据的集成管理方案。     

空间数据仓库元数据的结构体系

给出了空间数据仓库元数据的基本概念，说明了空间数据仓库元数据的相关技术．重点论述了空间数据仓库元数据的结构体系是由11类信息组成，它们分别是空间数据标识信息、区域范围信息、邻接信息、表示信息、数学基础信息、数据集内容信息、质量信息、分发信息、安全信息、联系信息和时间信息，并设计出了空间数据仓库元数据的组织结构。     

地学数据仓库系统的设计及关键技术问题

数据仓库是实现数字地球、数字国土的数据基础,是实现空间数据共享的关键技术之一。但目前国际上的地学数据仓库,其设计并没有考虑到地学数据的多源、多分辨率、多格式等特点,只是商业数据仓库在地学领域的简单照搬,所应用的领域也比较有限。基于矿产资源预测的地学数据仓库系统的设计,按数据流向可分为四层：常规数据库、基础数据库、主题数据库和应用系统。在这种框架中,库间数据的转换、库中数据的组织、数据引擎等是系统设计的关键问题。示例给出了云南省1：200000数据仓库的系统原型。     

非标准化地质数据存储模式研究

地质数据中存在大量非标准化的数据,此类数据主要以MapGIS的数据格式存储.针对此类数据管理难、复用水平较低的现状,建立了以元数据服务器(MDS)为核心的数据存储模式,提出了弹性的迁移机制完成数据的重构,使用了动态数据驱动生成索引元数据框架,同时实现数据访问安全机制,用户授权等功能.此模式利用MDS (Metadata Server)实现对数据的管理、检索和调阅,这使散落在单机上的地质数据能够自主迁入空间数据仓库,实现统一管理,增强了数据的可复用性,     

基于面向服务体系结构（SOA）的钾盐资源潜力系统

为了对中国钾盐矿产资源潜力进行全面预测,建立了全国性的钾盐矿产资源潜力预测系统。对收集的钾盐信息进行系统地整理,在Oracle空间数据库中建立面向对象的空间数据模型,基于面向服务体系结构进行系统的框架设计,将属性数据和空间数据的操作发布为Web服务,客户端通过网络调用服务实现空间与属性数据的一体化管理及分析,采用面向对象语言C#和ArcObjects二次开发具体实现本系统。系统可通过Web服务与其他地学系统有机集成,对地学数据基于服务集成与共享及一站式服务具有重要参考价值。     

ArcGIS在北山高放废物处置库预选区地学数据管理中的应用

以甘肃北山高放废物处置预选区所积累的数据为基础,研究地学信息数据管理平台的建立,实现对各种空间数据及其他非空间数据统一管理与应用,并提出了基于ArcGIS产品的预选区数据管理与共享的解决方案。     

基于MAPGIS的地学空间数据库中数据质量的研究

MAPGIS作为基础平台目前广泛应用于我国地学空间数据库的建设之中,其空间数据的质量直接影响地学空间数据库的优劣.空间数据的精度,属性数据的正确性与完整性,空间数据拓扑关系的正确性是影响空间数据库质量的主要因素.通过实践总结,阐述了控制上述3方面数据质量的具体手段和方法,从而达到确保数据质量,满足建立地学空间数据库的要求,建成质量优良的地学空间数据库.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.