瓦斯突出煤层的无线电波响应特征

在瓦斯突出煤体和非突出煤体的电学性质研究基础上,研究了瓦斯突出煤层的无线电波响应特征,为利用无线电波透视技术探测瓦斯突出煤体和进行瓦斯突出带的非接触式预测提供了理论基础。     

瓦斯突出煤层的无线电波响应特征

在瓦斯突出煤体和非突出煤体的电学性质研究基础上 ,研究了瓦斯突出煤层的无线电波响应特征 ,为利用无线电波透视技术探测瓦斯突出煤体和进行瓦斯突出带的非接触式预测提供了理论基础     

透视法预测煤与瓦斯突出的尝试

在瓦斯矿井采面内,当存在地质构造形成的煤层松动破碎带和软分层带,容易发生煤与瓦斯突出。透视法是利用电磁波在这些破碎带和软分层带的传播过程中,被折射、反射、吸收和屏蔽,使信号减弱或消失,形成的透视阴影区来分析工作面内地质构造,达到预测煤与瓦斯突出的目的。经实际试验,取得了一定效果。      

基于模糊聚类分析和模糊模式识别的煤与瓦斯突出预测

煤与瓦斯突出发生的内在机理复杂,突出影响因素与突出事件之间的相关规律具不精确性和模糊性,使得基于经验的传统预测方法和基于数学建模的统计预测方法的应用受到很大限制。提出了采用模糊聚类分析与模糊模式识别方法相结合的煤与瓦斯突出区域预测方法。首先采用模糊聚类分析对煤与瓦斯突出的样本集合进行分类,建立不同程度的模糊模式,然后对待预测样本进行模糊模式识别,以此来预测待测样本的煤与瓦斯突出危险程度。实例验证表明,本法预测可靠。      

基于混沌理论的煤与瓦斯突出前兆时序预测研究

煤与瓦斯突出的预测研究通常是通过监测对煤与瓦斯突出的启动比较敏感的指标来进行,指标监测数据的大小和变化规律是进行预测的基础。首先介绍了一步预测和多步预测的基本原理,然后对2组瓦斯浓度数据序列利用全域法、零阶局域法和一阶局域法进行了对比计算;计算结果表明,加权一阶局域法的预测精度相对较高,该方法对混沌性强的数据序列的预测精度高于混沌性弱的数据序列的预测精度。     

MTT-92型煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪

介绍了电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯突出危险的基本原理、MTT-92型煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪的技术指标、电原理框图及在白皎矿的试验效果,从而说明煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪可以作为预测煤与瓦斯突出危险的一种新型物探手段。      

广州嘉禾煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的预测预报

嘉禾二叠纪煤矿工作面的煤与瓦斯突出预测预报方法采用钻屑指标法。在工作面测定钻屑量值、瓦斯解吸特征值并作统计与分析,判断煤层的突出危险性,以工作面实测最大值来确定突出危险性等级。根据工作面发生的煤与瓦斯突出和钻屑指标法的各实测值,嘉禾煤矿的煤与瓦斯突出临界值为：钻屑量８０ｋｇ／ｍ、瓦斯解吸特征值０．７０ｍＬ／（ｇ·０．５ｍｉｎ）。产生煤与瓦斯突出的原因与煤层的地质构造作用、煤的物理性质、围岩性质及开     

基于灰色关联-遗传神经网络的煤与瓦斯突出预测模型

在综合分析影响煤与瓦斯突出的各种评价指标的基础上,基于人工神经网络极强的非线性逼真能力,建立了煤与瓦斯突出强度预测的遗传神经网络模型。模型采用灰色关联理论完成了评价指标的优化,并利用遗传算法对BP网络初始权值和阈值的确定进行了优化。以重庆南桐矿区砚石台矿为例,对煤与瓦斯突出强度进行了预测,结果表明,采用本模型的预测结果与矿井实际突出状况一致,模型可靠,具有一定的理论与实际意义。     

基于ArcIMS的煤与瓦斯突出预测WebGIS研究与开发

将WebGIS应用于煤与瓦斯突出预测中,对于煤矿安全生产有重要价值。在分析ArcIMS结构、功能和支持环境的基础上,提出了基于ArcIMS煤与瓦斯突出区域预测WebGIS的实现方案;深入探讨了系统需求、数据准备与组织、服务器配置及客户端定制与开发等技术要点。通过煤与瓦斯突出预测WebGIS的开发和应用表明,构建方案切实可行,可以在“数字矿山”进程中采用。      

桑树坪矿煤与瓦斯突出点预测敏感指标研究

煤与瓦斯突出是一种极其复杂的动力现象,准确预测煤与瓦斯突出对煤矿安全生产尤为重要。根据井下实测的大量数据,采用现场数据统计分析并结合数值分析研究,确定了韩城桑树坪煤矿煤与瓦斯突出点预测的敏感指标是钻屑解吸指标K1,而钻屑量指标S_max和瓦斯涌出初速度指标q在研究区敏感性不明显。      

安阳矿区煤与瓦斯突出预测模型的建立与应用

利用灰色关联分析法确定控制矿井煤与瓦斯突出的主导因素,根据人工神经网络建立煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测的系统结构,在此基础上,选用突出矿井的15个煤与瓦斯突出实例作为学习样本对网络进行训练,最后运用3个煤与瓦斯突出实例作为预测样本对所建模型进行验证。结果表明利用灰色理论—神经网络方法建立的预测模型能够满足煤与瓦斯突出预测的要求。通过分析和计算安阳矿区煤层的开采深度、地质构造(尤其是断层)与突出危险程度关系密切,在煤与瓦斯突出的预测、防治工作中可以作为首选指标来考虑。     

瓦斯突出地球物理场的响应特征

研究了瓦斯突出地球物理场的电磁波和弹性波响应特征,其响应是构成瓦斯突出地球物理场的介质条件所表现出来的。关键层应力墙瓦斯突出机理认为,瓦斯突出煤层由关键层和伴随层构成。关键层和伴随层在空间的分布规律和相互作用体现在物理场的差异上,把关键层（或瓦斯突出煤体）作为地球物理场中的异常体进行研究是可以利用地球物理方法识别的。突出地球物理场响应特征的研究为从地球物理研究瓦斯突出预测理论和方法提供了科学思路。     

Mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst

In response to the severe situation of coal mine gas disaster in China, a new method of reducing the danger of coal and gas outbursts and improving gas drainage and utilization in coal mines was introduced in this paper. The main idea of this method is to mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to eliminate or reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst. This method can be implemented by drills along seam and hydraulic jet when the mined seam with a relatively weak risk of coal and gas outbursts is soft or has a soft layer. This method was first applied in the Yian mine to verify its effectiveness. The results of application showed that mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam can effectively eliminate the danger of coal and gas outburst and improve gas drainage and utilization. As this method needs less time and lower cost than conventional protective layer mining, it is of great significance for mining coal seam with the danger of coal and gas outburst.     

A concept of prediction of rock and gas outbursts

Summary The paper presents the prediction and modelling of rock and gas outbursts, since these are good examples of multivariable hazards in rock masses. A critical evaluation of outburst modelling is discussed and the need for system modelling of complex natural hazards is pointed out. The concept of an outburst as an event in a random field is presented. Within this conceptual framework a non-physical approach to outburst prediction, making use of measured data, is demonstrated. The approach uses the cause-effect black box scheme to study relations between the causes and effects of outbursts. The system is assumed to be described by relations of a monotonic type, between causes and effects of outbursts. These assumptions are verified using data from the Lower Silesian Coal Basin (Poland).     

Control of gas emissions in underground coal mines

A high level of knowledge is now available in the extremely relevant field of underground gas emissions from coal mines. However, there are still tasks seeking improved solutions, such as prediction of gas emissions, choice of the most suitable panel design, extension of predrainage systems, further optimization of postdrainage systems, options for the control of gas emissions during retreat mining operations, and prevention of gas outbursts. Research results on these most important topics are presented and critically evaluated. Methods to predict gas emissions for disturbed and undisturbed longwall faces are presented. Prediction of the worked seam gas emission and the gas emission from headings are also mentioned but not examined in detail. The ventilation requirements are derived from the prediction results and in combination with gas drainage the best distribution of available air currents is planned. The drainage of the gas from the worked coal seam, also referred to as predrainage, can be performed without application of suction only by over or underworking the seam. But in cases where this simple method is not applicable or not effective enough, inseam-boreholes are needed to which suction is applied for a relatively long time. The reason for this is the low permeability of deep coal seams in Europe. The main influences on the efficiency of the different degasing methods are explained. Conventional gas drainage employing cross measure boreholes is still capable of improvement, in terms of drilling and equipment as well as the geometrical borehole parameters and the operation of the overall system. Improved control of gas emissions at the return end of retreating faces can be achieved by installation of gas drainage systems based on drainage roadways or with long and large diameter boreholes. The back-return method can be operated safely only with great difficulty, if at all. Another method is lean-gas drainage from the goaf. The gas outburst situation in Germany is characterized by events predominantly in the form of ‘nonclassical' outbursts categorized as ‘sudden liberation of significant quantities of gas'. Recent research results in this field led to a classification of these phenomena into five categories, for which suitable early detection and prevention measures are mentioned.     

模拟储层条件下突出煤的导电性质研究

研究了模拟储层条件瓦斯突出煤的导电性质,得到了瓦斯突出煤在不同储层条件下的电阻率变化特征,为研究瓦斯突出地球物理场的电磁波响应特征提供了基础.     

顺煤层剪切带煤与瓦斯突出机理分析

为了确定顺煤层剪切带的煤与瓦斯突出机理,在对顺煤层剪切带的受力状态进行分析的基础上,应用Mohr-Coulomb理论研究了顺煤层剪切带的形成机制,并探讨了顺煤层剪切带内的煤层变化特征、瓦斯含量和瓦斯压力特征及地应力对煤与瓦斯突出的影响。结果表明:当煤层倾角接近剪切滑动的临界角时,易产生薄煤区,而远离临界角时,煤层厚度增加,煤层厚度剧烈变化部位为应力集中区并具有较高的应力梯度;顺煤层剪切带内的压应力、煤层的面理化结构和煤层厚度的剧烈变化使其在宏观上形成了高瓦斯含量和高瓦斯压力特征,微观上糜棱煤细颈瓶型的孔隙形态为发生煤与瓦斯突出提供了必要的介质条件;在紧闭褶皱区,煤与瓦斯突出类型以突出为主,在宽缓褶皱区和伸展型顺煤层剪切带内,煤与瓦斯突出类型以压出和倾出为主。顺煤层剪切带内的高地应力、高瓦斯压力和发育的构造煤等3个因素是煤与瓦斯突出发生的主要原因。      

瑞利波勘探技术在探测瓦斯聚集区域中的应用

在煤矿生产过程中,煤与瓦斯突出的问题经常发生,我国瓦斯灾害已成为煤矿群死群伤的头号杀手。煤与瓦斯突出是地应力、瓦斯、煤体结构等诸因素综合作用的结果。其中,地质构造因素起着主导控制作用。地质构造复杂的区域通常属于瓦斯灾害易发区域。发生煤与瓦斯突出的位置,多与地质构造破坏带有关,或发生在小断层,或发生在小背斜褶曲,或发生在裂隙带。笔者简要介绍了一种探测有地质构造区域的方法——瑞利波探测法。该方法利用了瑞利波的频散特性与岩土的物理力学性质的相关性的原理,通过对井下实地采集的数据进行分析、处理、解释,所预测的异常区域与实际的瓦斯卸压孔所显示的异常区域相符,是一种有效的探测方法,对保证煤矿安全生产有指导作用。     

断层端部地应力影响因素数值分析

断层端部是煤与瓦斯突出事故的主要危险地段。利用有限差分数值模拟软件FLAC3D模拟断层端部地应力场分布情况。结果表明:断层倾角、断层性质、断层内摩擦角、煤层弹性模量、煤层泊松比和边界应力比是影响断层端部应力大小的主要因素。其中断层内摩擦角和边界应力比对断层端部应力的影响最为敏感,是断层端部应力集中程度的主控因素;断层倾角对断层端部应力的影响比较大,倾角为45°时断层端部应力最大。利用该软件,在临近断层开采区内对断层端部应力集中程度和应力集中范围的预测,有助于确定断层防水煤柱的留设宽度和预防煤与瓦斯突出事故的发生。      

煤瓦斯突出研究现状及其研究方向探讨

本文通过学习总结煤炭行业近200年来对煤瓦斯突出的研究成果和工作经验, 了解其具体的研究思路方法、研究历史发展过程、研究现状及存在的关键问题, 探讨采用地质力学理论方法进行煤瓦斯突出研究的可能性与可行性.