Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Qolqoleh Deposit, Northwestern Iran

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandai‐Sirjan Zone, northwest of Iran. Gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh deposit is almost entirely confined to a series of steeply dipping ductile–brittle shear zones generated during Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision between the Afro‐Arabian and the Iranian microcontinent. The host rocks are Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences consisting of felsic to mafic metavolcanics, which are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, sericite and chlorite schists. The gold orebodies were found within strong ductile deformation to late brittle deformation. Ore‐controlling structure is NE–SW‐trending oblique thrust with vergence toward south ductile–brittle shear zone. The highly strained host rocks show a combination of mylonitic and cataclastic microstructures, including crystal–plastic deformation and grain size reduction by recrystalization of quartz and mica. The gold orebodies are composed of Au‐bearing highly deformed and altered mylonitic host rocks and cross‐cutting Au‐ and sulfide‐bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the mineralization is in the form of dissemination in the mylonite and the remainder was clearly emplaced as a result of brittle deformation in quartz–sulfide microfractures, microveins and veins. Only low volumes of gold concentration was introduced during ductile deformation, whereas, during the evident brittle deformation phase, competence contrasts allowed fracturing to focus on the quartz–sericite domain boundaries of the mylonitic foliation, thus permitting the introduction of auriferous fluid to create disseminated and cross‐cutting Au‐quartz veins. According to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity, hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones: silicification and sulfidation zone (major ore body); sericite and carbonate alteration zone; and sericite–chlorite alteration zone that may be taken to imply wall‐rock interaction with near neutral fluids (pH 5–6). Silicified and sulfide alteration zone is observed in the inner parts of alteration zones. High gold grades belong to silicified highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains and silicified sulfide‐bearing microveins. Based on paragenetic relationships, three main stages of mineralization are recognized in the Qolqoleh gold deposit. Stage I encompasses deposition of large volumes of milky quartz and pyrite. Stage II includes gray and buck quartz, pyrite and minor calcite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and gold ores. Stage III consists of comb quartz and calcite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold ores. Studies on regional geology, ore geology and ore‐forming stages have proved that the Qolqoleh deposit was formed in the compression–extension stage during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision in a ductile–brittle shear zone, and is characterized by orogenic gold deposits.     

陕西省马鞍桥金矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学与矿床成因

马鞍桥金矿床产于西秦岭造山带商丹断裂带南缘的E-W向脆-韧性剪切带中,矿体定位受剪切带控制并集中于变形强烈的部位,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质沉积建造。出露于矿区的香沟花岗斑岩脉发生蚀变和金矿化,但未达工业品位。矿化岩石和矿石的铅同位素比值与地层接近,而与香沟花岗岩相异,暗示矿石铅不可能来自花岗岩。碳-氧同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体来源于碳酸盐地层或相似岩石建造的变质或改造脱水作用;从成矿早阶段经主阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体的δ¹⁸O及δD值逐渐降低,指示成矿流体从早阶段的变质热液或地层改造热液向晚阶段的大气降水热液演化。马鞍桥金矿分布于大陆内部造山带中,成矿作用与始于印支晚期的陆内造山作用有关,后者以陆内俯冲、推覆叠置和陆壳变质变形等为特点。马鞍桥金矿床地质特征和同位素地球化学组成与阳山超大型金矿床相似,应为类卡林型金矿床或属介于造山型和卡林型之间的过渡类型金矿床。     

贵州泥堡金矿床的流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学研究及其矿床成因意义

泥堡金矿床是黔西南台地相区以断控型矿体为主、层状型矿体为辅的复合型金矿床。断控型矿体主要发育于低角度的逆冲断层中,层状型矿体主要发育于断控型矿体之上穹窿构造核部的上二叠统龙潭组和中二叠统大厂层中。根据脉体的穿插关系和矿物共生组合,将成矿过程从早到晚划分为石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿-毒砂阶段和方解石-石英-多金属硫化物±萤石阶段。泥堡金矿床两类矿体中流体包裹体类型相同,包括水溶液包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和CO_2包裹体。层状型矿体早阶段石英中流体包裹体均一温度范围为194~305℃,盐度范围为0.70%~7.81%NaC leqv,石英的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为22.7~23.6‰,计算得到的δ~(18)OH 13.5‰,~-62‰;2O为12.6‰~石英中流体包裹体水的δD_(H_2O)为-84‰中阶段石英中流体包裹体均一温度范围为125~278℃,盐度范围为0.53%~6.46%NaC leqv,石英的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为16.6‰~23.5‰,计算得到的δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为4.4‰~11.3‰,石英中流体包裹体水的δDH~-65‰;3~2O为-80‰晚阶段方解石中流体包裹体均一温度范围为13197℃,盐度范围为0.53%~7.45%NaC leqv,萤石中流体包裹体均一温度范围为102~264℃,盐度范围为0.18%~4.49%NaC leqv,方解石的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为20.6‰~22.7‰,计算得到的δ~(18)OH 3‰~10.4‰,2O为8.方解石中流体包裹体水的δD_(H_2O)为-56‰~-47‰,δ13CV-PDB为-6.6‰~-1.6‰。断控型矿体中阶段石英中流体包裹体均一温度范围为126~296℃,盐度范围为0.35%~8.29%NaC leqv,石英的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为21.9‰~23.7‰,计算得到的δ~(18)OH9.8‰~11.6‰,2O为石英中流体包裹体水的δDHNaC leqv,2O为-85‰;晚阶段方解石中流体包裹体均一温度范围为118~236℃,盐度范围为0.53%~7.02%方解石的δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为19.8‰~21.5‰,计算得到的δ~(18)OH~10.4‰,2O为8.7‰方解石中流体包裹体水的δDH‰~-55‰,2O为-67δ13CV-PDB为-7.0‰~-4.7‰。流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究结果表明,两类矿体成矿流体性质和来源一致,且具有相似的演化过程。泥堡金矿床的成矿流体来源于大气降水和海水的混合,并且从早阶段到晚阶段,海水所占的比例逐渐增大,碳主要来自海相碳酸盐岩的溶解。     

云南哀牢山老王寨大型造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学

云南哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期金矿带,而老王寨是其中最大的金矿。流体包裹体研究显示:老王寨金矿含金石英脉中流体包裹体类型主要为NaCl-H₂O型和CO₂-H₂O型,其均一温度为102~302℃, 峰值为160~180℃;流体盐度范围变化较大,介于2.5%~12.9% NaCleqv之间,峰值为6.0%~7.5% NaCleqv,显示老王寨成矿流体具有中低盐度和中低温度的特征。 氢氧同位素测定显示成矿流体δD_H2O=-115‰~-90‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O=5.2‰~6.8‰,显示其组成主要为岩浆水,可能与有机沉积物发生过同位素交换。流体包裹体碳同位素组成(δ¹³C为-6.5‰~-3.9‰)基本落在幔源碳变化范围之内,说明其中CO₂可能来自地壳深部,甚至上地幔。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出老王寨金矿为喜马拉雅期造山型金矿。     

南天山萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床稀土微量元素特征及其成因意义

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿位于新疆乌恰县的南天山构造带中,是我国20世纪90年代发现的第一例“穆龙套型”金矿.矿床形成于印支期,矿化与石英脉密切相关,显示了与穆龙套金矿的相似性.成矿流体演化经历了早期高温无矿化石英阶段,中期中低温矿化石英阶段,晚期低温碳酸盐脉阶段.早期无矿石英的稀土及微量元素含量均低于矿化石英.矿化石英包体中流体的稀土元素配分模式显示较一致的轻稀土富集和Eu正异常,指示流体中较高的钙离子或相对还原环境;流体中Pb含量较高,而蚀变强烈的围岩则显示出明显的Ca和Pb流失,这表明成矿流体可能部分来源于与围岩发生交代作用的蚀变流体,矿质沉淀可能与流体混合作用相关.早期石英包体中流体的稀土和微量元素含量较低则指示早期阶段可能未发生流体混合.萨瓦亚尔顿Ⅳ号矿脉为最大矿带,其含矿石英包体中流体微量元素一般高于其它矿脉石英,可能显示较强的流体混合及成矿作用.Ⅱ号矿脉在流体稀土及微量元素含量上显示与Ⅳ脉更为相似.萨瓦亚尔顿金矿稀土微量元素研究表明围岩组分可能为成矿流体主要来源之一,而流体混合则为成矿重要机制,这与前期流体包裹体及同位素研究结论一致,也符合造山型金矿的一般特征.     

西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨

李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制.本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与...     

小秦岭文峪金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

文峪金矿位于小秦岭矿田南部,其产出受脆-韧性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为太华群变质杂岩.根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,可以将文峪金矿流体成矿过程分为早、中、晚三个阶段,其热液石英中发育CO2-H2O型、纯CO2型和H2O溶液型三种类型流体包裹体.平阶段石英中原生包裹体主要是CO2-H2O型和纯CO2型,其成分为CO2+H2O±N2±CH4,均一温度集中在290～330℃,盐度为1.02％～9.59％ NaCleqv;中阶段为主成矿阶段,该阶段石英中包含了所有3种类型的包裹体,其中以CO2-H2O型包裹体为主,获得CO2-H2O和水溶液包裹体均一温度集中在250～290℃,盐度为0.02％～12.81％NaCleqv;晚阶段石英仅发育水溶液型包裹体,具有较低的均一温度(114～239℃)和盐度(4.18％～8.95％ NaCleqv).根据CO2-H2O型包裹体计算早、中阶段压力分别为130 ～ 178MPa和85 ～ 150MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为4.7～6.5km和3.1～5.5km.总体而言,文峪金矿的初始流体具有中高温、富CO2、低盐度的变质流体特征,晚成矿阶段流体演化为低温、低盐度水溶液流体,流体的不混溶导致了主成矿期矿质的大量沉淀,文峪金矿为中浅成的造山型矿床.     

青海滩间山金矿床地质地球化学及成冈机制

滩间山金矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘中西段。金矿体产于万洞沟群碳质千岩－片岩地层中,受同碰撞造山期构造岩浆活动控制。岩石地球化学特征显示,酸性－偏碱性岩脉中Ａｕ与Ａｓ同步富集。矿床中成矿元素之间的相关性表明,Ａｕ主要来自岩浆热液。稳定同位素组成表明,矿床中的硫、碳、铅以及流体中的水主要来自岩浆。矿床地质特征及同位素地质年代学结果显示,矿床形成于晚华力西期。     

Fluid inclusions,C-H-O-S-Pb isotope systematics,geochronology and geochemistry of the Budunhua Cu deposit,northeast China:Implications for ore genesis

The Budunhua Cu deposit is located in the Tuquan ore-concentrated area of the southern Great Xing'an Range,NE China.This deposit includes the southern Jinjiling and northern Kongqueshan ore blocks,separated by the Budunhua granitic pluton.Cu mineralization occurs mainly as stockworks or veins in the outer contact zone between tonalite porphyry and Permian metasandstone.The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages involving stage Ⅰ quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite;stage Ⅱ quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite;stage Ⅲ quartz--polynetallic sulfides;and stage IV quartz-calcite.Three types of fluid inclusions(FIs) can be distinguished in the Budunhua deposit:liquid-rich two-phase aqueous FIs(L-type),vapour-rich aqueous FIs(V-type),and daughter mineral-bearing multi-phase FIs(S-type).Quartz of stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ contains all types of FIs,whereas only L-type FIs are evident in stage Ⅳ veins.The coexisting V-and S-type FIs of stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ have similar homogenization temperatures but contrasting salinities,which indicates that fluid boiling occurred.The FIs of stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳyield homogenization temperatures of 265-396℃,245-350℃,200-300℃,and 90-228℃ with salinities of3.4-44.3 wt.%,2.9-40.2 wt.%,1.4-38.2 wt.%,and 0.9-9.2 wt.% NaCl eqv.,respectively.Ore-forming fluids of the Budunhua deposit are characterized by high temperatures,moderate salinities,and relatively oxidizing conditions typical of an H_2 O-NaCl fluid system.Mineralization in the Budunhua deposit occurred at a depth of0.3-1.5 km,with fluid boiling and mixing likely being responsible for ore precipitation.C-H-O-S-Pb isotope studies indicate a predominantly magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids and materials.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses indicate that ore-forming tonalite porphyry and post-ore dioritic porphyrite were formed at 151.1±1.1 Ma and 129.9±1.9 Ma,respectively.Geochemical data imply that the primary magma of the tonalite porphyry formed through partial melting of Neoproterozoic lower crust.On the basis of available evidence,we suggest that the Budunhua deposit is a porphyry ore system that is spatially,temporally,and genetically associated with tonalite porphyry and formed in a post-collision extensional setting following closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

胶东石城金矿床成矿流体特征及成矿作用

石城金矿位于胶东牟平-乳山成矿带南端,为多金属硫化物型金矿床。其成矿流体阶段可分为3个,相应的流体包裹体特征为:(1)成矿早期(第1阶段)富CO2包裹体;(2)主成矿期(第2阶段)H2O包裹体和含CO2包裹体;(3)成矿后期(第3阶段)H2O包裹体。第1阶段均一温度为256～360℃,盐度3.71%～6.88%NaCl,第2阶段均一温度为168～270℃,盐度4.49%～10.24%NaCl,第3阶段均一温度为123～178℃,盐度0.35%～7.59%NaCl。其中主成矿期为中低温、低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl流体体系。H、O同位素表明石城金矿成矿流体为岩浆水与大气水形成的混合热液,C、O同位素则反映了地幔富CO2流体参与了成矿作用,而S同位素进一步揭示了金矿的成矿物质来源为壳幔相互作用的结果。石城金矿的出现表明研究区至少存在两期成矿事件,早期成矿时代约120Ma,主要为石英+黄铁矿型矿石,晚期成矿时代小于111Ma,主要为多金属硫化物型矿石,以石城金矿为代表。     

Geology, Geochemistry and Genesis of the Hongshijing Gold Deposit in Ruoqiang,Xinjiang

1IntroductionTheHongshijinggolddepositislocatedinthenorthofLuobupouLakeofRuoqiang ,about 30 0kmsouthwestofHamiCity ,Xinjiang .ItwasdiscoveredbytheSixthGeologicalTeamofXinjiangduringgeo chemicalexploration .TheHongshijinggolddeposit,whichoccursinthegold bearingformationcomposedofMiddleandLateCarboniferousvolcanicandpyroclasticrocks ,isabrittle ductileshearzonetypegolddepositcontrolledbyariftbelt.TheHongshijinggolddepositislocatedinthesouthwestoftheHongshi jing -Maotoushanmineralizationb…     

淘金冲金矿成矿流体地球化学和矿床成因研究

包裹体地球化学和氢氧同位素研究结果表明，淘金冲金矿床成矿溶液为中低温，中压，弱碱性和还原性的Ｃａ－Ｍｇ－Ｃ－Ｓ体系，成矿液早期以变质水为主，中晚期则以建造水为主（大气降水来源），明显具混合成因特点，其矿成因类型属受地下水改造成因的层控金矿或特征的“江南型”金矿。     

豫西东闯金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素研究

东闯金矿床位于华北板块南缘的小秦岭金成矿带中部地区。矿体呈脉状、透镜状赋存于东西向压扭性断裂中,赋矿围岩为太古界太华群变质岩系。成矿作用可分为4个阶段,从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度分别为296~342℃、257~341℃、250~314℃和175~267℃;对应流体盐度w(NaCleq)为5.23%~6.63%、1.63%~8.77%、3.38%~8.61%和8.55%~11.1%,以5%~9%为主,流体成分以H2O-NaCl-CO2为主。估算成矿压力为100~160MPa,静岩压力深度3.6~5.3 km。包裹体水的δDV-SMOW值为-49‰~80.2‰,多数在50‰~60‰之间,δ18O水计算值为3.33‰~7.88‰。碳酸盐矿物δ13CV-PDB为-5.1‰~-1.3‰,δ18OV-SM为9.9‰~15.29‰。矿石硫化物的δ34SV-CDT为-2.75‰~5.52‰,均值1.11‰,而其206Pb/204Pb=16.973‰~17.068‰、207Pb/204Pb=15.322‰~15.394‰、208Pb/204Pb=37.323‰~37.491‰。流体包裹体研究以及H-O、S、C、Pb同位素结果表明,东闯金矿床的成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆,矿质主要来自太华群地层。该矿床为低盐度、中成、中高温岩浆热液型金矿床。     

40Ar/39Ar dating,fluid inclusions and S–Pb isotope systematics of the Shabaosi gold deposit,Heilongjiang Province,China

The Shabaosi deposit is the only large lode gold deposit in the northern Great Xing'an Range. The gold ore bodies are hosted by sandstone and siltstone of the Middle Jurassic Ershi'erzhan Formation, and are controlled by three N–S‐trending altered fracture zones. The gold ore bodies are composed of auriferous quartz veinlets and altered rocks. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄ system, with salinities between 0.83 and 8.28 wt% NaCl eq., and homogenization temperatures ranging from 180 to 320 °C. The δ³⁴S values of sulphides show a large variation from −16.9‰ to 8.5‰. The Pb isotope compositions of sulphides are characterized by a narrow range of ratios: 18.289 to 18.517 for ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.548 to 15.625 for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and 38.149 to 38.509 for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb. The μ values range from 9.36 to 9.51. These results suggest that the ore‐forming fluids/materials were mainly of magmatic hydrothermal origin, derived from magmas produced by partial melting of the lower crust. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of auriferous quartz veinlets from the Shabaosi gold deposit is about 130 Ma. The Shabaosi gold deposit has counterparts in similar orogenic gold deposits, and was formed during the post‐collisional setting of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Orogen. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西秦岭凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床地质地球化学特征

西秦岭凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床位于八卦庙造山型金矿床西侧5km左右,是一个新探明的剪切带型金矿。其成矿作用过程可分为早期石英-绢云母-硫化物阶段、中期多金属-硫化物阶段和晚期碳酸盐阶段。对早、中期的石英流体包裹体测试结果表明,丝毛岭金矿床成矿流体以富CO2、中温、低盐度为特征,总体上属于中温低盐度CO2-H2O体系,流体包裹体类型的多样性是流体不混溶性的产物。从早阶段到主成矿阶段成矿流体的温度、压力和盐度均有降低,硫逸度增高,有利于金的沉淀富集。H、O、S、C同位素研究结果,以及与八卦庙金矿床的对比分析表明,二者的成矿流体具有相似性和同源性,都是以深部来源为主的多源流体。由于丝毛岭金矿床产出的层位高于八卦庙金矿床,其成矿环境相对开放。     

Geology,geochronology, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Wangu gold deposit in northeastern Hunan Province,Jiangnan Orogen,South China

The Wangu gold deposit in northeastern Hunan, South China, is one of many structurally controlled gold deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen. The host rocks (slates of the Lengjiaxi Group) are of Neoproterozoic age, but the area is characterized by a number of Late Jurassic–Cretaceous granites and NE-trending faults. The timing of mineralization, tectonic setting and ore genesis of this deposit and many similar deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen are not well understood. The orebodies in the Wangu deposit include quartz veins and altered slates and breccias, and are controlled by WNW-trending faults. The principal ore minerals are arsenopyrite and pyrite, and the major gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Alteration is developed around the auriferous veins, including silicification, pyritic, arsenopyritic and carbonate alterations. Field work and thin section observations indicate that the hydrothermal processes related to the Wangu gold mineralization can be divided into five stages: 1) quartz, 2) scheelite–quartz, 3) arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz, 4) poly-sulfides–quartz, and, 5) quartz–calcite. The Lianyunshan S-type granite, which is in an emplacement contact with the NE-trending Changsha-Pingjiang fracture zone, has a zircon LA-ICPMS U–Pb age of 142 ± 2 Ma. The Dayan gold occurrence in the Changsha-Pingjiang fracture zone, which shares similar mineral assemblages with the Wangu deposit, is crosscut by a silicified rock that contains muscovite with a ca. 130 Ma ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age. The gold mineralization age of the Wangu deposit is thus confined between 142 Ma and 130 Ma. This age of mineralization suggests that the deposit was formed simultaneously with or subsequently to the development of NE-trending extensional faults, the emplacement of Late Jurassic–Cretaceous granites and the formation of Cretaceous basins filled with red-bed clastic rocks in northeastern Hunan, which forms part of the Basin and Range-like province in South China. EMPA analysis shows that the average As content in arsenopyrite is 28.7 atom %, and the mineralization temperature of the arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage is estimated to be 245 ± 20 °C from arsenopyrite thermometry. The high but variable Au/As molar ratios (>0.02) of pyrite suggest that there are nanoparticles of native Au in the sulfides. An integration of S–Pb–H–O–He–Ar isotope systematics suggests that the ore fluids are mainly metamorphic fluids originated from host rocks, possibly driven by hydraulic potential gradient created by reactivation of the WNW-trending faults initially formed in Paleozoic, with possible involvement of magmatic and mantle components channeled through regional fault networks. The Wangu gold deposit shares many geological and geochemical similarities as well as differences with typical orogenic, epithermal and Carlin-type gold deposits, and may be better classified as an “intracontinental reactivation” type as proposed for many other gold deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen.     

湖北竹山县银洞沟矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

银洞沟大型银多金属矿床位于南秦岭造山带,矿体主要受东西向的银洞岩背斜控制,呈脉状产于武当山群变火山岩.热液成矿作用包含4个阶段:(Ⅰ)细粒石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段;(Ⅱ)细粒石英-银金矿化阶段;(Ⅲ)粗粒石英阶段,含少量方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿;(Ⅳ)块状铁白云石-石英阶段.银洞沟矿床流体包裹体可分为3类:NaCl-H2O型(W型)、CO2-H2O-NaCl型(C型)和CO2-CH4型(PC型).Ⅰ阶段石英中的流体包裹体以W和C型为主,含少量PC型,相比Ⅰ阶段,Ⅱ阶段的C型包裹体更多,而Ⅲ阶段仅发育W型包裹体.显微测温表明,Ⅰ阶段流体包裹体均一温度为308 ～ 436℃,盐度为5.1％～10.2％ NaCleqv;Ⅱ阶段均一温度为220～375℃,盐度为2.0％～ 10.7％ NaCleqv;Ⅲ阶段均一温度为122 ～272℃,盐度为0.4％～7.2％ NaCleqv.根据C型包裹体估算前两个阶段压力分别为330 ～463MPa和180～363MPa,相应成矿深度分别为12.5～17.5km和6.8 ～13.8km.从Ⅰ到Ⅲ阶段,δ18OW、δD平均值分别由8.4‰和-72‰,变化至0.9‰和-67‰,指示初始成矿流体来自变质热液,晚阶段混入了大气降水.流体包裹体与氢氧同位素数据表明,银洞沟矿床成矿流体为中温、低盐度、富CO2的变质热液,属于造山型矿床,流体的混合可能是金属沉淀的主要机制.     

湘西合仁坪金矿床硫、铅同位素地球化学

湘西柳林汊一带广泛分布钠长石_石英脉型金矿,合仁坪金矿床是其典型代表。文章对合仁坪金矿床的硫、铅同位素进行了研究,并与区域石英脉型金矿床进行对比,探讨了该矿的成矿物质来源,并初步确定了其矿床成因。研究表明,合仁坪金矿床硫化物的δ34S值范围较窄(-4.8‰~4.4‰),平均为-0.6‰,该矿床的硫为深源硫,由深部变质流体带入;铅的同位素组成较均一,并表现出明显的造山带铅的特点。结合区域成矿作用,进一步研究揭示,合仁坪金矿床为一典型的造山型金矿,其成矿可能与湘西雪峰山地区加里东期的造山作用有关。     

甘肃安家岔金矿床铅同位素地球化学研究

通过对安家岔金矿床铅同位素地球化学特征研究及其与邻区地层、岩浆岩和有关矿床铅同位素的对比结果表明：（１）本矿床石铅是一种以高放射成因为主的混合型铅，且明显表现出有大气降水参与热液成矿的铅同位素地球化学特征，反映本矿床属于沉积－强烈改造型金矿床；（２）本矿床成矿物质的直接来源主要为志留系；（３）本区的金矿成矿作用和主要与志留系重熔有关的岩浆岩的关系最为密切，因此，在志留系展布区内，Ｉ类岩浆岩密集出现     

胶东三山岛金矿中深部成矿流体对比及矿床成因

三山岛金矿位于胶东西北部,属于典型的破碎蚀变岩型金矿。流体包裹体研究表明该矿床为中温、中低盐度H₂O-CO₂-NaCl±CH₄流体;中深部成矿流体对比研究表明,在纵深超过2000m范围内,成矿流体具有较一致的成矿流体介质条件,主成矿均一温度为170~330℃,成矿压力为50~255MPa。H、O、C同位素表明,深源流体参与了成矿作用,很可能是与金矿床伴生的基性幔源岩浆脱水形成的岩浆水,在地壳浅部遭受到大气降水的混合,而S同位素研究进一步揭示了成矿物质具有多源性,矿区浅表在成矿晚期可能受到了表生硫影响而导致δ³⁴S偏高。水岩反应、成矿应力场转变及表面吸附电化学还原反应等导致金沉淀成矿。