Impact Assessment of Watershed Programme Through Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System

Impact assessment of watershed development activity assumes greater importance in present day agriculture. Considering the ability of remote sensing technology in watershed monitoring and impact assessment, a study was carried out to investigate the Impact Assessment of Karnataka Watershed Development Project (DANIDA) in Koralahallihalla Sub watershed in Sindagi taluk of Bijapur district in Northern Karnataka using satellite data of two periods i.e., IRS 1?C, LISS-III data of 30 December, 1997 (pre-treatment) and IRS P6, LISS-III data of 17 December, 2004 (post-treatment). The land use/land cover map was derived from the supervised classification. The results revealed that there has been no major shift in cropping patterns over a period of 7?years (1997?C2004). However, rabi cropped area has decreased drastically (187?ha), which might be due to the continuous droughts that occurred during the implementation period. On the other hand, kharif and double cropped area have increased marginally (103?ha and 96?ha, respectively). Increase in double cropped area showed that there was increase in irrigated land, which were earlier being used as rainfed and wastelands turned in to cultivated lands as seen in scrub lands and rabi cropped areas of the sub watershed. Wastelands in the sub-watershed has decreased marginally (36?ha). The vegetation vigour of the sub-watershed has been derived from the NDVI maps of both the periods. These NDVI maps indicate that there was a significant change in biomass status of the sub watershed. The vegetation vigour of the area was classified into three classes using NDVI. Substantial increase in the area under high and low biomass levels was observed (319?ha and 77?ha, respectively). The benefit-cost analysis indicates that the use of remote sensing technology was 2 times cheaper than the conventional methods. Thus, the repetitive coverage of the satellite data provides an excellent opportunity to monitor the land resources and evaluate the land cover changes through comparison of images for the watershed at different periods.     

地理遥感信息模型与地理数学

地理图像信息模型是在地形模型、物理模型、数学模型的基础上提出的一种新型模型。概述了地理图像信息模型的基本概念、技术与应用。提出了符合地理科学自身规律的非线性数学方法 ,解决了确定性问题与不确定问题的结合 ,从形式逻辑计算发展到辩证逻辑的计算 ,从抽象公式的计算发展到抽象思维与形象思维结合的公式与图像合为一体的计算 ,从而解决了地理数学问题 ,为发展地理数学奠定了基础。     

遥感科学与技术专业地理信息系统课程教学探讨

地理信息系统(GIS)是遥感科学与技术专业的一门重要的基础课。结合西安科技大学遥感科学与技术专业的培养目标,本文对地理信息系统的课程安排、教材选择、理论和实践教学等方面进行了探讨,并针对目前教学实践过程中存在的教学内容抽象、实践课时较少和考核方式单一等问题,提出了相应的改进措施,以期提高教学质量。     

矿山测量、遥感与地理信息系统专家--郭达志教授

郭达志教授,1938年生于福建省龙岩市。1960年毕业于北京矿业学院(现中国矿业大学)并留校任教,1960年至1962年参加研究生班学习。1983～1985年被选派到英国诺丁汉大学留学,主修光电测量技术和数字制图。1988年以来先后多次到加拿大、美国、澳大利亚等国开展合作科研与学术交流。郭教授曾任中国矿业大学测量与地球物理勘探研究所所长、测量物理系系主任,校学术委员会委员、学位委员会委员等职。1989年至2005年连续四届担     

Use of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System in the delineation and characterization of ground water prospect zones

The present study was carried out to delineate and characterize ground water prospect zones using IRS-ID LISS-III geocoded data on 1:50,000 scale. The information on lithology, structure, geomorphology and hydrology were generated and integrated to prepare ground water prospect map for a region in western Rajasthan. The information on nature and type of aquifer, type of wells, depth range, yield range, success rate and sustainability were supplemented to form a good database for identification of favourable zone. Geographical Information system (GIS) was used to prepare database on the above layers, analysis of relationship and integrated map preparation. The study area has a complex geomorphology. The geology is dominated by rocks of post Delhi Intrusive and Quaternary sediments. On the basis of hydrogeology and geomorphic characteristics, four categories of ground water prospect zones: high, moderate, low and very low ere delineated. The high prospect zones are alluvial plains and valley fills mainly influenced by quaternary formations with yield expectation between 100-200 lpm. The moderate zone has pediment surfaces covered by shallow soil cover in addition to weathered and fractured aquifer material with expected yield of water between 50-100 lpm. The low potential zones mainly comprise inselbergs and rocky surface with expected discharge below 50 lpm. The very low prospect zones act as run-off generating zones.     

遥感图像信息系统数据模型设计

通过分析遥感图像信息系统需要存储和管理的各种数据,建立了各种数据之间的拓扑结构图,设计了基于遥感影像的发散式的影像数据库,建立了遥感图像信息系统数据模型.实验表明,该数据模型能够合理地存储和管理多种遥感影像及相关数据.     

遥感图像信息系统数据模型设计

通过分析遥感图像信息系统需要存储和管理的各种数据,建立了各种数据之间的拓扑结构图,设计了基于遥感影像的发散式的影像数据库,建立了遥感图像信息系统数据模型.实验表明,该数据模型能够合理地存储和管理多种遥感影像及相关数据.     

利用遥感影像红外波段辅助地理国情信息提取

地理国情监测成果,直接关系到国家的重大战略决策的正确性.本文选取呼兰区的部分区域和五常市的部分区域为试验区,以10 m空间分辨率的Sentinel-2数据为主要数据源,合成每月NDVI时间序列数据,有效利用植被季相变化和物候差异,提取区域的针叶林和阔叶林的空间分布信息.同时,利用NDWI对水体进行自动化提取,充分发挥当...     

遥感测绘单位信息化体系架构研究

本文从信息化测绘和数字化测绘的区别与联系出发,通过分析遥感测绘单位在从数字化测绘体系向信息化测绘体系发展过程中的优势与面临的问题,研究了在遥感测绘单位构建信息化测绘平台的主要内容,对相关测绘单位具有一定的参考价值。     

地理国情普查中遥感影像解译样本地面照片信息采集录入方法探讨

分析了地理国情普查生产中如何采集地面照片及相机姿态等相关信息,并介绍了如何采用编程的方法批量处理地面照片及信息入库,以及生产中遇到的一些问题及解决方法。     

Analytical Modelling of Positional and Thematic Uncertainties in the Integration of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems

This paper describes three aspects of uncertainty in geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. First, the positional uncertainty of an area object in a GIS is discussed as a function of positional uncertainties of line segments and boundary line features. Second, the thematic uncertainty of a classified remote sensing image is described using the probability vectors from a maximum likelihood classification. Third, the "S-band" model is used to quantify uncertainties after combining GIS and remote sensing data.     

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in infrastructure development

Road transportation network development is a vital component of infrastructure development. Absence of database on roads of Trivandrum district was felt as a major hindrance in prioritizing improvement/development/repair of the roads for better traffic efficacy. High resolution PAN imagery (IRS-IC, September-December 1999, 1:25,000 scale) was visually interpreted to decipher road net work for preparing an elaborate database for Kerala Highway. The data were incorporated on 1:25,000 scale SOI base maps. Field verification was carried out to identify and categorize the PWD roads as per their administrative sections. Final maps were digitized in ARC/INFO environment. Information about terrain conditions was also generated using satellite remote sensing images and aerial photographs. Incorporating the height source and elevation data in the value field and taking mass points as input, a TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) model of a sample area near Vellanad, 22 km east of Trivandrum city was created to analyse the terrain-road network interrelationship. Our case study involving draping of road network on TIN model as well as on geomorphology map established that this methodology could be used to define alternative and efficient route corridors, with particular emphasis on selection of the least-cost route and prioritization of repair.     

面向对象的遥感影像信息提取研究

结合地理国情监测,从理论和实践上分析了面向对象的遥感影像信息提取的意义,提出了面向对象的遥感影像多尺度信息提取的算法、流程及关键技术环节,在应用的基础上对解译结果进行了分析与评定,总结了经验及技巧,指出了目前应用中仍存在的难点和今后的研究重点。     

基于规则替换法的多源遥感数据地表覆盖信息提取

为了更加有效地利用海量多源遥感数据提取地表覆盖信息,根据多源遥感图像决策级融合技术原理,提出了基于规则替换法的信息复合方法。通过对三江平原典型内陆淡水湿地的分类实验,验证了该方法的可行性与适用性,从而为地表覆盖状况调查及监测提供了一种新的技术方法。     

遥感与地理信息系统及其在土地利用管理中的应用

遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)是支撑现代地理学的两大空间技术工具,近年来两者的结合引起了人们的普遍关注和研究。本文阐述了RS和GIS的特点和发展趋势,探讨了RS和GIS之间的密切联系和相互支撑关系,并结合自己的工作实践浅谈了RS和GIS在土地利用动态监测和现状调查中的应用。     

航空遥感与地理信息系统相结合在杭州西湖风景区用地调查中的应用

为了满足城市发展对用地资料的需要，采用彩红外航空遥感和地理信息系统相结合的方法，对杭州西湖风景区的用地情况进行调查，文中介绍这次工作的技术路线、航空遥感资料判读与用地图编制、资料建库与应用等方面的情况。     

Groundwater Prospect Zoning Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System: A Case Study in Dala-Renukoot Area, Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh

In the present study, ground water prospect zones in Dala-Renukoot area, in Sonebhadra district. Uttar Pradesh, India have been delineated, through integration of various thematic maps using ARC/INFO GIS. Thematic maps in respect of geology, geomorphology. slope, drainage, land-use/land cover, lineament and lineament intersection frequency were prepared on 1:50,000 scale using remote sensing and conventional methods. These maps were scanned and registered with reference to a basemap and are input as separate layers using ARC/INFO GIS. Each theme was assigned a weightage depending on its influence on the movement and storage of groundwater and each unit in every theme map is assigned a knowledge based ranking from 1 to 5 depending on its significance to groundwater occurrence. All the themes are overlaid, two at a time and the resultant composite coverage is classified into five groundwater prospect categories. This output map is correlated with the groundwater data collected in the field.     

遥感影像植被信息提取方法研究及思考

从植被光谱特征出发,对植被信息提取的方法和现状进行了综述,其中主要介绍了几种具有代表性的植被提取方法,如:植被指数提取法、NDVI与波段合成法、HIS融合法、分级分类提取法、基于知识库提取法等,对各种方法的原理、特点、优势与限制进行了分析、对比、思考,并展望了下一步研究方向。     

Estimation of Light Pollution Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques

The primary focus of this research is to estimate light pollution in the urban and suburban regions of Pakistan with the help of satellite remote sensing (SRS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Analog maps and multi-temporal nighttime images of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) onboard Operational Linescan System (OLS) sensor were used in this study. A series of direct and indirect light pollution maps of the study area were generated and analyzed. The results of the study show that in the urban environment, light pollution is mainly due to artificial nightlight sources.