储良广眼砧穗不亲和问题研究

储良广眼的砧穗不亲和现象在众多个体中呈现从亲和至不亲和连续变化，随砧、穗周长差异的增大，不亲和症状表现突出。砧、穗周长比值与几个生长指标存在显著相关，提出以砧／穗比作为衡量不亲和程度指标。靠接加砧结果表明对严重不亲和树出现的症状有较大的缓解。     

为了人民的安康——中国开展农业地质环境大调查——带毒的土地：不愿看到的现实

国以民为本。21世纪头20年中国要建成全面小康社会，小康社会的标准很多，经济状态，人均GDP，教育和科技水平，人均寿命和健康程度，生态环境，人和自然的亲和度，等等，这些标准构成一个社会发展准则，就是“以人为本”。     

耐盐水稻地方品种的主要性状分析

通过对湛江地区水稻品种的耐盐性，品质性状及主要农艺性状进行分析，结果表明，“咸水禾”品种具有一定的耐盐性，可用1／5海水灌溉，但其耐盐性不高；灌溉水含盐量的高低，对株高和穗粒结构影响较大；3个品种的出糙率均偏低，外观品质较差，并指出出增强抗盐性、提高品质应是目前改良耐盐水稻地方品种的主攻方向。     

融入北京奥运奖牌的昆仑玉

2008年北京奥运会在奖牌中镶嵌昆仑玉石,是奥运历史上第一次在奖牌中加入了非金属元素。“金镶玉”寓意着金玉良缘,奥运会奖牌在金牌上使用白玉,银牌使用青白玉,而在铜牌上使用青玉。玉环的内环周长31．9mm,外环周长57．7mm,厚3mm,奖牌式样给人惊喜,但为什么要选择昆仑玉,其品种的主要特征有哪些呢？     

西北太平洋秋刀鱼椎骨形态的初步研究

根据2011年7—9月于西北太平洋采集的秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)样本,对其椎骨形态特征进行观察与测量,并利用主成分分析方法研究形态参数,研究了主要形态参数与叉长的关系。结果显示,秋刀鱼具有66~67枚椎骨,其中具有67枚椎骨的秋刀鱼比率较大(67.57%),肋骨39对,具有66和67枚椎骨的秋刀鱼在26~28 cm间比例较大,椎骨数目与秋刀鱼生长不相关(r=0.13)。横轴直径、外径不存在性别间差异(P0.05),纵轴直径、观察面面积、观察面周长之间存在性别间差异(P0.05),骨长性别差异极显著(P0.01)。椎骨的纵轴直径、横轴直径、周长和面积的变化趋势基本一致,于第20枚椎骨出现最大值,外径和骨长则先增加后缓慢减小,最大值出现在第10枚椎骨附近,椎骨各形态参数最大值出现在尾椎部位。椎骨形态参数主成分分析结果,横轴直径作为椎骨宽度的表征指标,外径作为椎骨长度的表征指标。横轴直径、外径的变化适合用对数函数表示,分布范围主要在1.5~2.5 mm,与秋刀鱼的叉长呈显著正相关,适合用对数函数表示。     

初得家书

查慎行·清 九十日来乡梦断, 三千里外客憨疏。 凉轩灯火清砧月, 恼乱朝团一纸书。     

对饮用矿泉水评价指标和管理的再认识

饮用矿泉水作为一种新型饮料已被广大群众所接受，但真正进入国内、国际市场的数量与其丰富的资源形势不相匹配。原因是我国目前评价指标与国际通用指标尚不接轨。本文对其中一些问题提出质疑，试图修正现行评价指标和改善管理制度，以推动我国饮用矿泉水的进一步开发。     

多元指标的海上溢油信息提取

 海上溢油给海洋生态环境带来了巨大的影响,甚至需要几十年才能恢复。运用卫星遥感进行海上溢油监测已成为目前溢油监测的主要手段。本文对海上溢油遥感监测方法进行了分析,鉴此,提出了一种SAR数据的多元指标溢油信息提取方法。首先,对图像进行分割,然后,建立溢油形状参数、纹理特征指数、物理特性指数等主要指标,并以层次分析法得出每一类指标的权重。针对每一类指标,以经现场验证的溢油图像为基础,选择形状参数,如周长与面积比值、复杂度等,建立溢油形状判读等级;选择纹理特征参数,以灰度共生矩阵的相关性、熵、变化等来表达溢油的纹理特性,建立溢油纹理特征判断等级;选择溢油物理特征,如溢油与海水的标准差、均方根差、对比度等,建立溢油物理参数判断等级。在此基础上,建立海上溢油遥感信息提取指数,计算分割图斑的溢油遥感信息提取指数,以此判断溢油遥感信息提取的置信度,为溢油识别提供依据。     

转基因水稻恢复系产量构成性状的杂种优势分析

为探明转抗真菌蛋白基因水稻的杂种优势利用价值，选用6个转基因的水稻恢复系与多个不育系杂交，计算转基因水稻恢复系杂种一代的超父优势、超原种优势和单株产量竞争优势，并对其产量构成性状进行相关与通径分析。结果表明：不同品种或同一品种的不同转基因株系间的超父优势表现不同，整体上优势较明显的性状是有效穗数和单株产量；七丝软占转化后代的杂种F1普遍存在显著正向超原种优势，而E32转化后代所配杂种的超原种优势则较多表现为负值；产量竞争优势分析结果则表明转基因水稻选配优良组合几率并不比常规育种方法低，其中E10、EF38的杂种F1存在较强的产量竞争优势；对转化后代杂种F1的单株产量贡献最大的性状依次为有效穗、穗实粒数和千粒重。     

香蕉新品系“93—1”选育初报

从香蕉（Musa AAA）组织培养繁殖后代中，选育出特长果指香蕉新品系“93-1”，主要特点为植株表现中矮秆（216cm），茎粗中等（67.1cm），苗期叶色浓绿，叶形椭圆形，叶形比（长／宽）1.91，叶尖急尖，叶基凹陷呈耳垂状；果穗7-12梳，平均8．07梳／穗，穗长81.6cm，单穗重22．8kg，单果重213．5g，果指数123．4条／穗，果指特长（25＋8cm）；可溶性固形物含量21．8％；全生育期321d（春植）至368d（夏植），约44片叶。“93—1”适宜在广东雷州半岛及海南岛栽培种植。     

Origin distribution patterns and floating population modeling: Yiwu City as a destination

Existing quantitative migration studies are mainly at the inter-region or inter-province level for lacking of detailed geo-referenced migration data.Meanwhile,few of them integrate explorative spatial data analysis and spatial regression model into migration analysis.Based on aggregated registered floating population data from 2005 to 2008,the phenomena that population floating to Yiwu City in Zhejiang Province is analyzed at the provincial and county levels.The spatial layout of Yiwu’s pull forces is proved as a V-shaped pattern excluding Sichuan Province based on map visualization method.Using the migration ratio in 2007 as an explanatory variable,two models are compared using ordinary least square,spatial error model and spatial lag model methods for county-level data in Jiangxi and Anhui provinces.The model with migration stock provides an improved fitting over the model without migration stock according to the model fitting results.The floating population flocking into Yiwu City from Jiangxi is determined mostly by migration stock while the determinant factors are migration stock and distance to Yiwu City for Anhui.The distance-decay effect is true for migration flow from Anhui to Yiwu City while the distance rule is not confirmed in Jiangxi with the best fitting model.The correlation between per capita net income of rural labor forces and migration ratio is not significant in Jiangxi and significant but at the 0.1 level only in Anhui.Further analysis shows that the distance,income and man-land ratio are important factors to explain population floating at earlier stage.However,as the dynamic population floating process evolves,the determinant factor would be migration stock.     

A continuous time delay-difference type model(CTDDM) applied to stock assessment of the southern Atlantic albacore Thunnus alalunga

A continuous time delay-difference model(CTDDM) has been established that considers continuous time delays of biological processes.The southern Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga) stock is the one of the commercially important tuna population in the marine world.The age structured production model(ASPM) and the surplus production model(SPM) have already been used to assess the albacore stock.However,the ASPM requires detailed biological information and the SPM lacks the biological realism.In this study,we focus on applying a CTDDM to the southern Atlantic albacore(T.alalunga) species,which provides an alternative method to assess this fishery.It is the first time that CTDDM has been provided for assessing the Atlantic albacore(T.alalunga) fishery.CTDDM obtained the 80%confidence interval of MSY(maximum sustainable yield) of(21 510 t,23 118 t).The catch in 2011(24 100 t) is higher than the MSY values and the relative fishing mortality ratio(F_(2011)/F_(MSY)) is higher than 1.0.The results of CTDDM were analyzed to verify the proposed methodology and provide reference information for the sustainable management of the southern Atlantic albacore stock.The CTDDM treats the recruitment,the growth,and the mortality rates as all varying continuously over time and fills gaps between ASPM and SPM in this stock assessment.     

马氏珠母贝黄壳色选系F1和养殖群体形态性状比较

<正>马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类,长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类,用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来,我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡,严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力,国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作,这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究[1-5]。     

A continuous time delay-difference type model (CTDDM) applied to stock assessment of the southern Atlantic albacore <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus alalunga</Emphasis>

A continuous time delay-diff erence model (CTDDM) has been established that considers continuous time delays of biological processes. The southern Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) stock is the one of the commercially important tuna population in the marine world. The age structured production model (ASPM) and the surplus production model (SPM) have already been used to assess the albacore stock. However, the ASPM requires detailed biological information and the SPM lacks the biological realism. In this study, we focus on applying a CTDDM to the southern Atlantic albacore (T. alalunga) species, which provides an alternative method to assess this fishery. It is the first time that CTDDM has been provided for assessing the Atlantic albacore (T. alalunga) fishery. CTDDM obtained the 80% confidence interval of MSY (maximum sustainable yield) of (21 510 t, 23 118t). The catch in 2011 (24 100 t) is higher than the MSY values and the relative fishing mortality ratio (F ₂₀₁₁/F _MSY) is higher than 1.0. The results of CTDDM were analyzed to verify the proposed methodology and provide reference information for the sustainable management of the southern Atlantic albacore stock. The CTDDM treats the recruitment, the growth, and the mortality rates as all varying continuously over time and fills gaps between ASPM and SPM in this stock assessment.     

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对上市公司股票期权制度的博弈分析

通过对资产管理公司与我国上市公司经营者之间的完全信息的动态博弈的一阶段和二阶段博弈分析.明确了只有资产管理公司对经营者施加可信的威胁,经营者才有可能努力工作,不进行股价操纵,从而达到实施股票期权的目的.     

华贵栉孔扇贝两种壳色群体生长和消化酶活力比较

以华贵栉孔扇贝桔黄和紫褐壳色个体为亲本建立两个壳色群体,从壳长、壳高、壳宽和体重几方面进行生长比较,并对两个群体做了淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力比较。结果表明:桔黄壳色群体的平均壳长、平均壳高、平均壳宽和平均体重显著大于紫褐壳色群体(P<0.05)。在24℃、27℃、30℃和33℃条件下,桔黄壳色群体的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力显著高于紫褐壳色群体(P<0.05);不同壳色群体生长与其淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力有关。     

Changes in natural mortality of Atlantic cod (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gadus morhua</Emphasis>) on Eastern Georges Bank

The assessment of Eastern Georges Bank cod with the assumption of a constant natural mortality of 0.2 has over-estimated stock productivity, resulting in a severe retrospective pattern since the late 2000s. Comparing relative exploitation rate (ratio of fishery catch at age to survey abundance indices at age) with total mortality calculated from the age distribution in surveys indicated a conflict when constant natural mortality was assumed. This inconsistency implies an increase in natural mortality since the mid-1990s. In this paper, natural mortality estimated by Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) indicated that natural mortality for this stock has increased to 0.8 since the mid-1990s for ages 6+. Potential factors contributing to this elevated natural mortality, including poor fish conditions and increased losses due to seal predation were discussed.     

Changes in Natural Mortality of Atlantic Cod(Gadus morhua) on Eastern Georges Bank

The assessment of Eastern Georges Bank cod with the assumption of a constant natural mortality of 0.2 has over-estimated stock productivity, resulting in a severe retrospective pattern since the late 2000 s. Comparing relative exploitation rate(ratio of fishery catch at age to survey abundance indices at age) with total mortality calculated from the age distribution in surveys indicated a conflict when constant natural mortality was assumed. This inconsistency implies an increase in natural mortality since the mid-1990 s. In this paper, natural mortality estimated by Virtual Population Analysis(VPA) indicated that natural mortality for this stock has increased to 0.8 since the mid-1990 s for ages 6+. Potential factors contributing to this elevated natural mortality, including poor fish conditions and increased losses due to seal predation were discussed.     

北部湾二长棘鲷生长、死亡及其群体组成

利用2006年7月至2008年3月北部湾渔业商业捕捞底拖网和刺网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾二长棘鲷的生长、死亡及其群体组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,北部湾二长棘鲷优势体长70～140 mm,占82.2%;优势体重为20～60 g,占54.29%;ARSS分析表明雌雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),繁殖期性比为1.21∶1;von Bertalanffy生长方程的主要参数分别为:L∞=292.8 mm,K=0.167,t0=-1.116;体重的生长拐点为5.463龄;总死亡系数、自然死亡系数和捕捞死亡系数分别为1.041 4、0.282 8和0.752 6,当前开发率为0.728。