提升猎雷军士岗位胜任力的特情复现系统研究

猎雷是对抗智能引信水雷的重要方式,但受“战场环境、水雷情况、装备故障和装备运用”等因素的影响,猎雷效率较低。猎雷军士是执掌反水雷装备的第一人,提升猎雷军士的岗位核心胜任力对反水雷作战具有重要意义。围绕院校培养猎雷军士的现实需求,首先阐述了猎雷军士的岗位核心胜任力,并从特殊环境、潜在对手、装备特殊性能和特殊故障几个方面对猎雷特情进行了分析,在此基础上提出了基于模拟仿真技术加实际水域猎雷的特情复现训练方法。     

海洋环境对猎雷声呐探测识别的影响及对策建议

猎雷是各海军强国重点发展方向,猎雷作战中首要的就是探测识别水雷。从传播损失、混响、 目标强度以及海流、潮汐等多个方面分析了海洋环境对猎雷声呐探测识别的影响,并从猎雷作战角度提出了有关参数设置、作战方式、数据处理等对策建议,可为部队探测识别水雷等目标提供有效参考。     

探猎雷装备探测概率分类方法研究

探猎雷装备作为海军反水雷部队的主要装备,其探测应用研究对提高建制式反水雷装备的作战效能具有重要意义。从作战部队探猎雷实战使用流程出发,结合探猎雷装备应用现状,提出了声呐探测目标的概率分类方法,建立了探测概率分类方法模型,对实际应用需解决的问题进行了探析。对开展海区水雷目标数量评估、目标的识别比对以及声呐探测航次优化等装备作战运用有一定的启发和促进作用。     

一种猎雷声呐信号被动定向技术研究

介绍了一种猎雷声呐脉冲信号被动定位的测向方法。反猎水雷采用被动声自导方式,利用猎雷声呐发射的窄带脉冲信号,采用自适应 notch 滤波器估计信号的包络、频率、相位差。采用时延差粗测与相位差精测相结合的方法实现时延估计。此方法不仅对 CW 脉冲信号可测向、测距,还可适用于调频、跳频信号。 该方法已通过仿真及实测数据验证有效。     

肾毒止痒方联合氯雷他定治疗维持性血液透析相关皮肤瘙痒30 例

目的：观察肾毒止痒方外洗联合氯雷他定口服治疗维持性血液透析相关皮肤瘙痒的临床疗效。方法：将60 例维持性血液透析相关皮肤瘙痒患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。2组均予规律血液透析和基础治疗,对照组在此基础上给予氯雷他定片口服治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用肾毒止痒方外洗治疗。比较2组临床疗效、瘙痒视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、改良Duo’s瘙痒评分及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分。结果：总有效率治疗组为90.0%（27/30）,高于对照组的70.0%（21/30）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。2组瘙痒VAS评分、改良Duo’s瘙痒评分及PSQI评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：肾毒止痒方外洗联合氯雷他定口服可有效改善血液透析相关皮肤瘙痒的症状,提高患者睡眠质量,具有较好疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

先进的“兰德索尔特”级扫/猎雷艇

兰德索尔特级是瑞典卡尔斯克鲁纳造船厂近年来建造的一种现代化的扫/猎雷艇。首艇于1984年4月进入瑞典海军服役,目前已建成6艘,另有一艘正处于建造之中。该级艇装备有多种先进的扫/猎雷具,可用于扫除各种类型的水雷。实践证明,它适于在各类海床和水文条件下使用,包括岩质、沙质和泥质海床;即使在恶劣的海况条件下,它也具备较好的工作能力。兰德索尔特级为全玻璃钢型扫/猎雷艇,艇体采用独特的多层结构形式,其中两层之间填充有泡沫塑料     

深海大型爬行机器人研究现状

对海底不同作业形式的深海大型爬行机器人进行了分类综述,依据当前深海大型爬行机器人在各方面的应用,将其分为了深海采矿机器人和深海挖沟机器人两大类,并对这两类中的一些性能突出的机器人进行了详细的介绍。重点介绍我国第一代、第二代多金属结核采矿机器人,SMD的3个多金属硫化物开采机器人,中科院深海所的富钴结壳规模采样爬行机器人,喷射式挖沟爬行机器人QT2800和机械式挖沟爬行机器人BT2400。并对深海大型爬行机器人的海底复杂行走技术和导航定位技术进行了阐述。行走技术方面,重点介绍Nexans公司的带有铰接式行走腿系统的Spider Dredger,中南大学的铰接履带式采矿机器人和北京矿冶研究总院的复合轮式机器人。导航定位方面,介绍了当前一些在用的深海导航定位技术。最后,对未来深海大型爬行机器人的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于声场模型的猎雷声呐探测成像仿真方法

针对猎雷声呐对水雷目标探测仿真问题,提出一种基于运动学信息与水下声场传播耦合分析的探测成像仿真方法。利用Bellhop3D声场分析方法对水下声信道信号冲击响应进行计算,结合信号复分析方法得到信号传播信道参数以构建声散射模型,以运动耦合方式综合分析声呐搭载平台位置、姿态及速度等因素对回波信号的影响,通过综合考虑上述因素来模拟目标回波信号,从而利用较为真实的等效回波信号进行图像重构。以高频前视声呐为例,对声呐探测沉底水雷目标情况进行了仿真,结果表明,该方法能够得到高频声呐对沉底水雷目标的探测图像,与实际情况具有一致性,可为进一步构建反水雷相关模拟仿真训练系统提供参考。     

五花八门的贝类行走术

如果问海贝是如何运动的,不论大人或小孩都会回答“爬嘛”。其实这只是贝类运动的一种方式。在贝类大家族中有各种奇特的运动,正可谓“八仙过海、各显神通”。贝类属软体动物,爬行是最基本的一种形式,特别是那些营底栖匍匐生活的海贝,依靠蹠面呈扁平状的足,海底爬行,运行自如。多板贝类习惯于夜晚行动,依靠足部和环带肌肉的伸缩前进。胡桃蛤每分钟可爬行几厘米,鲍爬行速度最高,达每分钟50厘     

从0107号台风看雷暴与登陆点的关系

农谚中有“一雷压九台”的说法，是指在强雷暴出现的地区，热带气旋登陆的机会不大。这是否有科学依据呢？通过对2001年07号台风的路径分析，并结合对1955-2000年46a间在广东沿海地区登陆的热带气旋的统计分析，对这一现象做了初步探讨。     

A Probabilistic Expert System Approach for Sea Mine Burial Prediction

Knowledge of the extent of burial of bottom sitting sea mines is critical to mine detection due to the significantly degraded capabilities of mine-hunting systems when the mines are buried. To provide an enhanced capability for predicting mine burial in support of U.S. Navy mine countermeasure (MCM) operations, an expert system approach to predicting sea mine burial has been developed. This expert system serves as a means to synthesize previous and current research on sea mine burial due to impact upon deployment and subsequently due to scour, the two dominant burial mechanisms in littoral waters. Prediction systems for impact and scour burial have been implemented as simple Bayesian networks whose probabilistic basis provides means of accounting for the inherent uncertainties associated with mine deployment methods, simplified physics-based burial models, and environmental variability. Examples of burial predictions and comparisons to results from field experiments are illustrated. In addition, a proposed risk metric is developed and applied to provide a geospatial mapping of mine burial probability.     

Mine avoidance techniques for underwater vehicles

It is shown that by implementing certain mine avoidance techniques, an underwater vehicle equipped with an obstacle avoidance sonar (OAS) and a navigation system can safely navigate an unknown minefield. The mine avoidance techniques take into account the physical limitations of the sonar and the navigation system, the maneuverability constraints on the underwater vehicle, and the required safe standoff distance from all mines. Extensive computer simulations have verified the mine avoidance capability in more than 50 different minefields. In all 50 simulations the vehicle reached a predetermined end point and maintained at least the specified, minimum safe standoff distance from each mine. The simulation accurately models the major difficulties associated with the sonar, the navigation system, and the vehicle dynamics. The sonar model includes surface, bottom, and volume reverberation; thermal, ambient, and flow noises; actual receiver and projector beam patterns; and false alarms and missed detections. The navigation system model contains the effects of biases, random noises, and scale factor errors. The vehicle dynamic model simulates angular velocities and accelerations associated with underwater vehicles     

Precoding Based Channel Prediction for Underwater Acoustic OFDM

The life duration of underwater cooperative network has been the hot topic in recent years. And the problem of node energy consuming is the key technology to maintain the energy balance among all nodes. To ensure energy efficiency of some special nodes and obtain a longer lifetime of the underwater cooperative network, this paper focuses on adopting precoding strategy to preprocess the signal at the transmitter and simplify the receiver structure. Meanwhile, it takes into account the presence of Doppler shifts and long feedback transmission delay in an underwater acoustic communication system. Precoding technique is applied based on channel prediction to realize energy saving and improve system performance. Different precoding methods are compared. Simulated results and experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a better performance, and it can provide a simple receiver and realize energy saving for some special nodes in a cooperative communication.     

论海水养殖的养殖容量

养殖容量应是一个包含环境、生态和经济等诸多因素的综合概念。养殖容量可定义为：单位水体内在保护环境、节约资源和保证应有效益等各个方面都符合可持续发展要求的最大养殖量。合理地利用养殖容量就是要形成一个结构优化和功能高效的养殖生态系统,使所投入的物质得到反复循环、初级生产力得到多途径利用,从而提高生产效益和养殖效益,避免物质的浪费及自身和环境的污染。从养殖生态系统运转的驱动因素来分析,主要靠太阳辐射直接提供能源的系统,如海带养殖系统、扇贝筏式养殖系统等,可称为自养型或自然营养型养殖系统;主要靠人工投饲来提供能源的系统,如对虾池塘养殖系统、吃食性鱼类网箱养殖系统等,可称为异养型或人工营养型养殖系统。这两类养殖系统在生态学上有很多互补性,它们的复合可提高养殖水体的养殖容量。     

三门峡水库断面系统设计与实现

三门峡水库断面系统由Visual Basic 6.0和Excel软件开发而成,通过断面控制文件调用断面数据文件,具有单个或批量生成断面图、编辑断面图、输出断面图数据的功能。较之前生成的断面图更加规范、统一,断面图生成操作界面简单、方便、快捷,节省了工作时间和劳动力,具有较强的实用价值。     

水雷作战效能海洋环境影响评估

提出并定性分析了海洋环境对水雷作战效能的影响,提出了构造模糊隶属函数,归一量化描述不同环境参数;采用层次分析法构建水雷作战效能指标参数,建立水雷作战效能与海洋环境参数之间的关联和层次结构,构造环境参数到水雷效能的训练样本;采用机器学习方法对海洋环境影响下水雷作战效能进行评估。通过实例,给出了水雷作战效能量化评估过程。     

Full-Scale Mine Burial Experiments in Wave and Current Environments and Comparison With Models

A mine burial field experiment was carried out on two sandy seafloors between January and April 2004 in the Bay of Brest, France. Burial recording mines (BRMs) were used to measure burial and mine orientation at 15-min intervals. Sonar and bottom photographs were also used to characterize sediment morphology and mine burial. These observations are compared with the predictions of mine burial using the following three models: a momentary liquefaction model, a current-induced scour model, and a wave-induced scour model. Analysis combines mine burial data, sediment data, seabed observations, and hydrodynamic measurements. At the first site, ldquoRascas,rdquo the seabed dynamics are dominated by tides and river runoff. Almost no mine burial was measured during the experiment which is in agreement with predictions of mine burial models (current-induced scour and liquefaction). Dynamics at the second site, ldquoBertheaume,rdquo are driven by tides and ocean waves. A long storm (one week) and several swell events were experienced and significant mine burial was observed in conjunction with high significant waveheights. Mine burial models suggest that burial at ldquoBertheaumerdquo was dominated by wave-induced scour rather than current-induced scour or momentary liquefaction.     

An Acoustic-Instrumented Mine for Studying Subsequent Burial

The U.S. Navy is supporting the research to develop and validate stochastic, time-dependent, mine burial prediction models to aid the tactical decision making process. This research requires continuous monitoring of both mine behavior during burial, and the near-field processes responsible for burial. A new instrumented mine has been developed that far exceeds the capabilities of the earlier optically instrumented mine in terms of the burial processes that can be measured. The acoustic-instrumented mine (AIM) utilizes acoustic transducers to measure burial and scour, localized flow rates, and sediment size and concentration in the water column. The AIM also includes sensors for measuring mine orientation and movement, as well as oceanographic information such as significant waveheights, wave period, and water temperature. Four AIMs were constructed and deployed during the Indian Rocks Beach (IRB, FL) and Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA) mine burial experiments. The results from the field experiments have proven that the sensor suite is viable in providing a wealth of data that are critical in understanding and modeling the complex subsequent burial process.     

基于 GIS 的富钴结壳资源量计算系统开发

富钴结壳资源量计算和资源评价是大洋富钴结壳矿区圈定工作的重要内容之一。阐述了基于GIS组件MO构建富钴结壳资源量计算系统的主要功能模块组成和设计思路。该系统利用VC采取面向对象的方法编程,设计开发了富钴结壳资源量计算评价程序,实现了地质块段法等多种计算方法。该系统吸纳了资源评价和矿区圈定中水深、丰度、品位和坡度等几个重要评价指标,可方便地实现钴结壳资源量计算,为大洋富钴结壳矿区圈定和矿产资源开发提供依据和参考。     

Dynamics and control of a towed underwater vehicle system, part I: model development

Autonomous vehicles are being developed to replace the conventional, manned surface vehicles that tow mine hunting towed platforms. While a wide body of work exists that describes numerical models of towed systems, they usually include relatively simple models of the towed bodies and neglect the dynamics of the towing vehicle. For systems in which the mass of the towing vehicle is comparable to that of the towed vehicle, it becomes important to consider the dynamics of both vehicles. In this work, we describe the development of a numerical model that accurately captures the dynamics of these new mine hunting systems. We use a lumped mass approximation for the towcable and couple this model to non-linear numerical models of an autonomous surface vehicle and an actively controlled towfish. Within the dynamics models of the two vehicles, we include non-linear controllers to allow accurate maneuvering of the towed system.