INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES AND RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF HENAN PROVINCE, CHINA

The fast growth of rural industry in China has generated regional development of large rural areas. What role does industrial linkages play in Chinese rural industrialization? This is a same question as the relation between industrial linkages and regional development which has been discussed for decades and no final conclusion reached. The paper pursues the discussion and focuses on rural areas in China with special reference to Henan Province. On the basis of data from an investigation on nearly 200 industrial enterprises, this study emphasizes that the linkages play a very important role in spreading development of industry in rural areas. It is recommended that the national policies should prompt industrial linkages to upgrade the technological level of rural industry and to integrate rural industry with urban industry.     

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON POSSIBLE SCENARIOS OF FLOOD AND DROUGHT IN CHINA IN THE CASE OF GLOBAL WARMING

ＴＨＥ ＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹ ＳＴＵＤＹ ＯＮ ＰＯＳＳＩＢＬＥ ＳＣＥＮＡＲＩＯＳ ＯＦ ＦＬＯＯＤ ＡＮＤ ＤＲＯＵＧＨＴ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＮＡ ＩＮ ＴＨＥ ＣＡＳＥ ＯＦ ＧＬＯＢＡＬ ＷＡＲＭＩＮＧ ＣｈｅｎＪｉａｑｉ（陈家其）（Ｎａｎｊｉｎ...     

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE TIDE-SURGE INTERACTION IN THE EAST CHINA SEA AND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Nearshore sea levels in the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) during tropical cyclones-Typhoon 8007(Joe, 1980) and Typhoon 7209(Betty 1972) were simulated. The tide-surge interactions in the two regions are remarkable and locally produced. The corresponding nonlinear effects were derived from the different nonlinear terms. The contribution of the quadratic friction term is the most important, the shallow term comes second the convective term is the least; the phases of the interactions generated by the various nonlinear terms are asynchronous. Both the quadratic friction and the convective term can stimulate and aggravate the surge structure with more peaks. The bottom friction features have crucial influences on tides and surges, and the interaction is sensitive to the changes of tide and surge.     

A STUDY ON THRESHOLDS IN THE CHANGE OF ALLUVIAL FAN AND DELTA OF THE HUANGHE RIVER, CHINA

In the river systems, the environmental change always undergoes a process from quantitative to qualitative change. The upper limit of the qualitative change is called threshold. When the process reaches or goes beyond the limit, the original event series will be replaced by the other event series. Investigations show that the evolution of the Huanghe River alluvial fan and delta has also under gone a process from quantitative to qualitative change. The geometric forms in each process are roughly the same. This threshold of the geometric forms not only provides us a quantitative index for plotting the periodicity of the alluvial fan and delta, but also is of importance for estimation of the trend of natural environmental change.It is shown that there are three periodic alluvial fans of the Huanghe River since the middle Holocene and four periodic delta since 1855 A.D., the thresholds of their geometric forms are from 0.93 to 0.94 and from 1.2 to 1.21 respectively.The changing trend in the past and the na     

THE PROCESS AND STRATEGY OF URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHWEST CHINA

ＴＨＥＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＡＮＤＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＹＯＦＵＲＢＡＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＷＥＳＴＣＨＩＮＡＺｈａｎｇＺｈｉｌｉａｎｇ（张志良）（ＰｉｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＬａｎｚｈｏｕＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FORMATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA WARM CURRENT Ⅰ.BAROTROPIC CASE

In this work, Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was used to study the formation of the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) in the barotropic case. Monthly averaged wind stress and the inflow/outflow transports in January were used in the numerical simulation which reproduced the SCSWC. The effects of wind stress and inflow/outflow were studied separately. Numerical experiments showed thatthe Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait and the slope shelf in the northern SCS are necessary conditions for the founation of the SCSWC. In a flat bottom topography experiment, the wind stress drivennortheast current in the northern SCS is a compensatory current.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FORMATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA WARM CURRENT Ⅱ. BAROCLINIC CASE

In this part, Levitus‘ climatological temperature and salinity are incorporated in the numerical model developed in Part I. Diagnostic and prognostic experiment on the thermohaline circulation were conducted. The smooth Levitus‘ data do not include any information on the South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC), so it is not in the model-produced diagnostic thermohaline circulation. Although the SCSWC does not appear in the wind-driven circulation in the barotropic case, it appears in the prognostic wind-driven circulation in the baroclinic case. This implies that the differing circulation pat-terns between barotropic case and bareclinic case are due to the stratification. The prognostic thermohaline circulation with wind stress and inflow/outflow transports at open boundaries are also discussed. Coupling of density and dynamic forces makes the circulation pattern more complicated, Even though the stratification is not always a direct cause of the formation of the SCSWC, it is at least an indirect cause.     

KARST ENVIRONMENT AND ECO-POVERTY IN SOUTHWESTERN CHINA： A CASE STUDY OF GUIZHOU PROVINCE

1INTRODUCTIONIn the 1980s and 1990s, there was widespread belief a-mong environmentalists that uncontrolled population growth would be responsible for environment degrada-tion of all types. This neo-Malthusian belief originally surfaced in the publication of ThePopulationBombin the late 1960s. In ensuing years this belief, combined with work on environment carrying capacity and a growing environmental movement, led to the seeming-ly commonsense conclusion that high population growth and …     

A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM AND CHARACTEROF THE INDUSTRIALAND SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE OF FDI IN CHINA

1 BACKGROUND OF STUDYChina has begun to take part in the great practice ofinternational competition and opening-up in the last 1 /5 time of 20th century. In the last two decades, Chinahas become one of the areas that have the greatest potential in industrial production, thus it has rankedsecond only to USA in the flow of international capital.By the end of 1998, the real value of FDI China hasutilized has added up to $268. I billion. China has wonworld attention as a huge market for …     

THE CHARACTER AND CHANGE TENDENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN THE ZHUJIANG DELTA－A CASE STUDY OF SHUNDE CITY

ＴＨＥＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＡＮＤＣＨＡＮＧＥＴＥＮＤＥＮＣＹＯＦＡＧＲＩＣＵＬＴＵＲＡＬＬＡＮＤＵＳＥＩＮＴＨＥＺＨＵＪＩＡＮＧＤＥＬＴＡ－ＡＣＡＳＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＳＨＵＮＤＥＣＩＴＹＺｈａｎｇＬｕｏｃｈｅｎｇ（张落成）（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...     

EVOLUTIONARY CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKES AND PALAEOCLIMATIC UNDULATION IN THE Q AID AM BASIN,CHINA

The Qaidam Basin is. a tectonically controlled depression at 2700 m altitude on the northern margin of the Tibet Plateau. A succession of Neogene clastic sediments indicates lake depocentre migration from NW to SE. Towards late Pliocene, evaporative conditions developed with formation of gypsum, halite, celestite, mirabilite and bloedite. Continued deformation through Pleistocene developed a series of NW- SE trending domes and troughs. This setting continued to exert a controlling influence on basin and brine evolution and the progressive development of sulfate to chloride brines as, dry conditions intensified in late Pleistocene, at the end of which, extensive flat floors were formed in Dalangtan, Qarhan and other playas.The, model, which was set up based on the synthetic analyses, divides the fluctuating palaeoclimate since 750ka,B. P. into 11 warm and humid stages and 10 dry and cold stages. The water of the lakes evaporated during the dry-cold periods and were freshened during the warm-humid periods     

STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIMETHYL SULFIDE IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

A method is described for determining dimethylI sulfide (DMS) in seawater. DMS was first extractedfrom the seawater using organic reagent, then reverse-extracted by 5% HgCl2. In the laboratory DMS wasreleased by concentrated HCI and finally measured by GC-FPD. The limit of detection me O.05 ng ofS. Measurements of DMS along surface transects and on wtital profibe across the EaSt China Sca (Ers)continental sheif showed tha itS conodIations of S in the surface seawater ranged from 64-180 ng/L andthat itS vertical djstribuion was divided into 3 trpes. Model talculations of a stagnant film show a DMSflux of 10.6 umol/m_2d the air-sea inteIha.     

BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF SEA-SURFACE MICROLAYER （SML） IN DAYA BAY, CHINA IIA. BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SML AND THE CORRELATION AMONG THEM

Two cruises for multi-discipline investigation were conducted in October and November,1998 in Daya Bay to collect: (1) samples from five levels including sea-surface microlayer (SML), subsurface (SSL), surface, body (mid-column) and bottom water; and (2) observational data on chlorephylla and notri-eras, and important factors such as turbidity, BOD, COD, TN, TP and phytoplanklon. Results showed that there was no enrichment of chlorophyll-a in the SML, but quite notable enrichment of some organic matter and nutrients. Compared with the findings in earlier researches, PO4^-P and SiO3-Si have decreased, and the N/P ratio has increased obviously to even more than 100 in the SML. It is concluded preliminarily that PO4-P and SiO3-Si mainly determine phytoplankton growth in Daya Bay at present.     

CO_2 CONCENTRATION AND FLUX NEAR GROUND IN MARSH OF THE SANJIANG PLAIN OF NORTHEAST CHINA

I.INTRODUCTIONIntherecentyears,theresearchershavepaidattentiontotheproblemsofcarbonbalanceandcarboncycleintheearthecosystem,withtheincreaseofCQZamountintheearthatmosphere.Mireisoneoftheecotypesinwhichcarbonaccumulationrateisthefastest,anditisthestrongestsinkforac(Branirgd,1980).Butthereislicitedinformationavailableaboutopconcentrationovermire.SomemeasurementsaboutthetemPOralandspatialgradientofopconcentrationhavebeenmadewithinoraboveasugarbeetcanopy(Brown,1970),corncanopy(Alien,1971;R…     

A STUDY ON THE FLORISTIC PLANT GEOGRAPHY OF XISHA ISLANDS, SOUTH CHINA

邢福武，李泽贤，叶华谷，陈炳辉，吴德邻ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＦＬＯＲＩＳＴＩＣＰＬＡＮＴＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＹＯＦＸＩＳＨＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳ，ＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＸｉｎｇＦｕｗｕ；ＬｉＺｅｘｉａｎ；ＹｅＨｕａｇｕ；ＣｈｅｎＢｉｎｇｈｕｉ；ＷｕＤｅｌｉｎ（...     

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE NUTRIENTS NEAR THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY WITH THE FLOW OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER WATER

Investigations from August, 1985 to July , 1986 showed that the high concentration area of PO4-P , SiO3-Si and NO3-N gradually reduced with the reduction of the area of the Changjiang River diluted water from summer, autumn to winter , and that the seasonal distributions and variations of the nutrients concentrations were mainly controlled by the river flow and were also related to the growth and decline of phytoplankton . The conservation of SiO3-Si and NO3-N in the estuary in the flood season was poorer than that in the dry season .. The behaviour of PO4-P in the estuary shows that aside from -biological removal, buffering of PCU-P is possible in the estuary . The highest monthly average concentrations and annual average concentrations in the river mouth were respectively 0.88 and 0.57 umol/L for PO4-P,191.5 and 96.2 umol/L for SiO3-Si, and 81.6 and 58.6 umol/L for NOs-N . The Changjiang's annual transports of PO4-P , SiO3-Si and NO3-N to the sea were about 1.4×104tons , 204.4×104 tons and 63.6×104     

STUDY OF WATER—TRANSPORT THROUGH SOME MAIN STRAITS IN THE EAST CHINA SEA AND SOUTH CHINA SEA

OCCAM global ocean model results were applied to calculate the monthly water transport through 7 straits around the East China Sea(ECS)and the South china Sea(SCS).Analysis of the features of velocity profiles and their variations in the Togara Strait,Luzon Strait and Eastern Taiwan Strait showed that;1)the velocity profiles had striped pattern in the Eastern Taiwan Strait,where monthly flux varied from 22.4 to 28.1 Sv and annual mean was about 25.8 Sv;2)the profiles of velocity in the Togara Strait were characterized by core structure,and monthly flux varied from 23.3 to 31.4 Sv,with annual mean of about 27.9 Sv;3)water flowed from the SCS to the ECS in the Taiwan Strait,with maximum flux of 3.1 Sv in July and minimum of 0.9 Sv in November;4)the flux in the Tsushima Strait varied by only about 0.4 Sv by season and its annual mean was about 2.3 Sv;5)Kuroshio water flowed into the SCS in the Luzon Strait throughout the year and the velocity profiles were characterized by multi-core structure.The flux in the Luzon Strait was minimun in June(about 2.4 Sv)and maximum in February(about 9.0 Sv),and its annual mean was 4.8 Sv;6)the monthly flux in the Mindoro Strait was maximum in December(3.0 Sv)and minimum in June(Only 0.1 Sv),and its annual mean was 1.3 Sv;7)Karimata Strait water flowed into the SCS from May to August,with maximum in-flow flux of about 0.75 Sv in June and flowed out from September to April at maximum outflow flux of 3.9 Sv in January.The annual mean flux was about 1.35 Sv.     

A STUDY OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN THE WESTERN MID-PACIFIC

Our study on the horizontal and vertical distribution , change pattern , and migration form origin of iron and manganese and the factors affecting them in surface sediment in the western Mid-Pacific and in columnar sediment of station L 2032 is introduced . The author inferred the lysocline and compensation depth of the ocean by using the content changes of Fe and Mn ;differentiated rapidly sedimentation types by using the difference of Fe and Mn contents , estimated tentatively their contents in different sediments by using the dyeability of Fe and Mn . The author notes that the economically valuable Fe-Mn nodules can be formed during Fe-Mn deposition in the ocean and that in studies on Fe and Mn deposition , the affecting factors should be analyzed comprehensively .     

A STUDY ON RATIONAL LOCATION OF THE COTTON PRODUCTION IN CHINA

Cotton is the leading cash crop in China. The cotton sown area accounts for about 30per cent of the total sown area of all the various cash crops. It is the main material used in the textile industry in China. More than 95per cent of textile materials were cotton during the 1950s; and it still occupies 80per cent at present. There are some problems concerning rational location of cotton production in China. In order to solve the problems existing in civil cotton production and supply, in view of strategy, a number of cotton production bases must be selected and built step by step in a planned way. The location of cotton production should be adjusted progressively in accordance with the existing problems. The existing cotton production regions should be consolidated and improved. The cotton production region of the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe River should be renewed quichly to make it become the largest stable and high-yield cotton preduction region. In the regions with suitable natural condi     

CONSIDERATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS,SEDIMENTS & ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF MUDDY COAST IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIANYUNGANG HARBOUR

After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.