中国地震行业技术结构的演变——中国地震科技发展战略走向分析之二

剖析了中国地震行业的行业特点和技术结构的演变过程,为中国地震事业的体制改革实践提供科学依据。     

关于纽约世界贸易中心双子塔倒塌的分析和教训

本文不仅从纽约世界贸易中心双子塔的结构体系、施工技术、防火工程的角度以及火灾中结构所处的状态对倒塌的原因进行深入的分析,并且在建筑必将倒塌的前提下提出一些关于如何提高在高层建筑火警中的救援效率的建议。     

Nonlinear modeling of the seismic response of masonry structures: critical review and open issues towards engineering practice

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - This paper provides a comphrensive review of the critical aspects of nonlinear modeling for evaluating the seismic response of masonry structures, emphasizing...     

菏泽地震前流体中短期异常分析

结合在华北强震平静背景下发生的1983年11月7日菏泽5.9级地震数据,对菏泽的流体资料进行综合分析研究,总结出地下流体在本次地震中的映震能力,探索地下流体的地震异常规律,为将来应用地下流体观测进行地震预报提供可靠的依据。     

河北省地磁场变化规律研究

利用河北省地磁台1986～2005年的地磁观测资料,对该地区地磁场长期变化规律进行总结分析.这进一步认识了河北省地磁场变化规律及其特征,为地震预报提供有实用价值的第一手资料十分有意义.     

Using the Weibull distribution to improve the description of riverine wood loads

Reporting uncertainty in environmental measurements and estimates is important for cross‐comparison and inter‐comparison of sites and other spatial units. One such measure is the load of large in‐stream wood in river systems. In this paper we propose the use of the Weibull distribution to describe the central tendency and variability of wood loads along a river reach. We illustrate the link between the average wood load and the central tendency or scale parameter of the Weibull distribution. The shape of the Weibull distribution is strongly related to the ability of rivers to transport and rearrange the wood in a reach. We use six Victorian rivers to test the fit of the Weibull distribution, showing that the Weibull is a useful and flexible distribution that provides common reporting metrics useful for future studies. Using common reporting metrics provides a stronger tool for comparisons of wood loads between rivers and with reaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Statistical estimation of the relative efficiency of natural attenuation mechanisms in contaminated aquifers

Using monitored natural attenuation is an increasingly popular strategy for dealing with contaminated aquifers. This paper provides a statistical methodology for the estimation of the relative efficiency of natural attenuation mechanisms. The methodology provides estimates, with associated measures of uncertainty, of the relative efficiency of four types of bio-degradation (oxidation using oxygen as the electron-acceptor, denitrification, iron reduction and sulfate reduction). A data set from Trecate, Italy, is analysed using the methodology. The analysis shows that sulfate is the main cause of hydrocarbon removal on this site. It is also seen that oxidation using oxygen seems to be more preferential than the other reactions, in the sense that this reaction is relatively more efficient than other reactions at locations where the hydrocarbon concentration is low.     

从云南省大姚县6.2级地震看我国小城镇和村镇房屋存在的抗震问题

在2003年云南省大姚县7月21日6．2级地震调查的基础上，结合以往所收集的地震震害资料，阐述了小城镇和村镇建筑在地震作用下的破坏形式并分析了原因，提出了相应的防御技术措施，最后对现阶段我国小城镇和村镇建筑在抗御地震方面存在的紧迫问题提出建议。     

On tuned mass dampers for reducing the seismic response of structures

This paper presents an energy‐based theoretical model for a two degree‐of‐freedom mechanical system. After a general formulation in Appendix A, the model is specialized to study tuned mass dampers as a means to substantially increase modal damping in order to induce a consequential decrease of the seismic response of the structures thus provided. Although approximate since it neglects coupling due to damping, it is shown that the model yields a first‐order approximation to the exact frequencies, providing values of optimum damping that closely match exact results proposed by others. In view of this, it is proposed that the model be applied through an iterative numerical procedure that identifies the pertinent optimum parameters. It is also shown that for certain particular benchmark cases the model provides closed‐form equations for the parameters defining the dynamic states related to these special conditions. Despite its approximate nature the model presented in this paper is rational, and due to its explicit consideration of energy balance and overall simplicity, it provides a convenient platform for the study of tuned mass dampers, as well as for other methods of structural passive control. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Securing the future of ground water resources in the Great Lakes basin

Ground water is a vital, but underappreciated, natural resource in the Great Lakes basin. It meets many human needs and contributes significantly to the hydrology of the Great Lakes and the health of ecosystems. This paper provides an overview of ground water in the Great Lakes and the institutional and legal setting that governs the use, protection, diversion, and removal of water from the basin and proposes a citizen-centered vision for management of ground water in the 21st century.     

上海市强震动台站布设构想

根据日本强震布设的经验,在地震震级越小时,要得到对应烈度,要求观测记录强震台站布置网格间距越小。根据上海市地貌类型及地层特点,基于现有强震台分布,提出新增强震台站布设构想,为今后上海市强震观测点合理布设提供参考。     

岩石声弹性理论与应用的研究进展

大量岩石实验证明了岩石声弹现象的存在,即岩石的弹性波波速会随着岩石的应力状态的改变而改变,即岩石的声弹性现象.岩石的声弹性现象为地应力无损检测提供了可能.目前许多研究已经分别给出了岩石声弹性的细观和宏观理论,并初步应用到地应力测量方面.为了促进岩石声弹理论的应用,本文总结了岩石声弹性的细观和宏观理论研究及其在地应力测量方面应用研究的进展.     

地震综合信息显示与消息通告系统应用解析

“地震综合信息显示与消息通告系统”是中国数字地震观测网络信息分项应用软件之一。介绍了该系统架构,分析了该系统软件主要应用模块,为深入了解以及合理使用该系统提供一定的参考。     

电离层氧离子83.4 nm辐射计算方法

氧离子83.4 nm辐射是由氧离子辐射跃迁产生的,是电离层极紫外日辉辐射中辐射强度较高的信号之一.从空间对其进行成像为高层大气状态的监测提供了一种强有力的方法.为了准确的描述辐射强度的分布情况,本文在MSISE-00大气模型下,用AURIC计算氧离子83.4 nm辐射的初始体辐射率、电离层氮气分子、氧气分子以及氧原子的密度分布,接着,用Chapman函数生成氧离子密度分布,计算共振散射作用下的体辐射率.然后,给出在不同的初始辐射率情况下,沿天底方向观测的辐射强度对比.最后,与Anderson的计算结果作了两组对比,指出由电子碰撞产生的初始体辐射率占比提高16%,总的辐射强度会提高30%.本文的工作为低热层大气氧离子密度和光电子通量的探测提供支持,这对电离层电子密度反演具有理论意义.     

广角反射波场特征研究及正演模拟分析

本文主要讨论了广角反射波场特征及影响广角反射波波形识别的几个主要因素，通过高斯射线正演模拟分析，以及对实际广角反射资料(WAR)进一步处理与研究，得到了一些十分有意又的结论，这些结论可以作为一些特殊地质构造地区进行广角反射地震勘探的理论依据。     

对利用跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层活动参数公式的改进

分析了利用两条跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层三维活动参数传统公式存在的问题,指出传统的计算公式实际是一个要求两侧点位处于同一水平面时的近似公式。本文对这一公式重新进行了严格的数学推导,得到了适用于一般情况的改进后的计算公式,并以实际算例指出传统公式对计算结果可能造成的误差量级。     

基于LSTM的震后通信数据异常检测分析

震后通信数据会发生异常变化,通过对通信数据异常进行分析,有助于提供有效的灾情数据以及更好地了解震后产生的影响,进而有效地为抗震救灾提供辅助支持。本文基于LSTM对震后的通信数据异常进行分析,研究内容主要包括通信数据流预处理、基于LSTM的异常检测模型以及数据分布变化检测模型。结果表明,本文模型能够对通信数据的异常变化进行识别,为后续的灾情分析提供数据。     

The magnetosphere of Jupiter: Coupling the equator to the poles

Jupiter is a planet of superlatives: the most massive planet in the solar system, rotates the fastest, has the strongest magnetic field, and has the most massive satellite system of any planet. These unique properties lead to volcanoes on Io and a population of energetic plasma trapped in the magnetic field that provides a physical link between the satellites, particularly Io, and the planet Jupiter. There are strong differences between the magnetospheres of Earth and Jupiter but there are also underlying basic physical principles that all magnetospheres share in common. This paper provides a rough sketch of the magnetosphere of Jupiter, briefly describes the current understanding and lists outstanding issues. As at Earth, a major issue of the jovian system is how the magnetospheric plasma is coupled to the planet's ionosphere.     

地震地下流体观测现状

系统介绍我国地震地下流体井（泉）的分布现状、观测井含水层特征及自流热水井的观测现状,并介绍观测项目及主要观测仪器等。上述调查与分析结果,可为我国地震地下流体台网的进一步调整与优化,及今后地震地下流体学科的发展提供科学依据。     

平原地区地磁观测室设计研究

基于现代无金属结构设计理念,首次提出了平原地区玄筋混凝土沉井式结构立体地磁记录室设计研究方案,该方案较传统设计在地磁记录室温差控制能力方面有大幅度的提高,可以为记录仪器提供稳定的温度工作环境;真正实现了"地磁观测",地下深层空间观测可以有效的屏蔽地表及外空间的大量干扰因素,地磁台站占地面积可明显减小,该地磁观测室观测资料的质量将会产生飞跃。