STUDY ON PREDICTION FOR TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION OF DREDGED MATYER IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA

The finite-element method was used to simulate the currents of Jiaozhou Bay and the nearcoast areas, and then established the model of the transport and diffusion of suspended particulate matter there. The transport and diffusion of dredged matter near the discharging field were estimated ; and the results were used to analyze the effects of the suspended particulate matter on the marine environment.     

MOLAR RATIOS OF C, N, P OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND THEIR VERTICAL FLUXES IN THE YELLOW SEA

The vertical fluxes and molar ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of suspended particulate matter in the Yellow Sea were studied based on the analysis of suspended particulate matter,sediments and sinking particles obtained by use of moored sediment traps. The POC ： PON ratios indicate that most of the particulate organic matter in the Yellow Sea water column comes from marine life rather than the continent. The vertical fluxes of SPM, POC, PON and POP in the Yellow Sea are much higher than those in other seas over the world, and present a typical pattern in shallow epicontinental seas. The estimated residence time of the bioactive elements showed that the speed of the biogeochemical process of materials in the Yellow Sea is much shorter than that in the open ocean as there was high primary productivity in this region.     

A new method for the estimation of fine-sediment resuspension ratios in estuaries-taking the turbidity maximum zone of the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary as an example

Based on the principle of conservative matter removal in estuary,a new method is proposed for estimating the ratio of sediment resuspension in estuaries with fine suspended sediments in the turbidity maximum zone(TMZ) of the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary during 2005.Results show that there was a range of 18.7%±27.9% to 73.9%±22.5% per annum of total suspended particulate matter(SPM),with an average of 49.2%.Nearly half of the particulate matter in the TMZ originates from sediment resuspension.This indicates that sediment resuspension is one of the major mechanisms involved in formation of the TMZ.Compared with traditional method for calculating these ratios in the estuary,this new method evaluates the dynamic variation of SPM content carried by river runoff from the river mouth to the ocean.The new method produced more reliable results than the traditional one and could produce a better estimation of resuspension flux for particulate matter in estuaries.     

The distribution and characteristics of suspended particulate matter in the Chukchi Sea

Samples taken from the Chukchi Sea （CS） during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, 2010, were analyzed to determine the content and composition of suspended particulate matter （SPM） to improve our understanding of the distribution, sources and control factors of the SPM there. The results show that the SPM in the water column is highest in the middle and near the bottom in the south and central-north CS, followed by that off the Alaskan coast and in Barrow Canyon. The SPM content is lowest in the central CS. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） analysis shows that the SPM in the south and central-north CS is composed mainly of diatoms, but the dominant species in those two areas are different. The SPM off the Alaskan coast and in Barrow Canyon is composed mainly of terrigenous material with few bio-skeletal clasts. The distribution of temperature and salinity and the correlation between diatom species in SPM indicate that the diatom dominant SPM in the south CS is from the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait in summer. The diatom dominant SPM in the central-north CS is also from Pacific water, which reaches the CS in winter. The SPM in the middle and near the bottom of the water column off the Alaskan coast and in Barrow Canyon is from Alaskan coastal water and terrigenous material transported by rivers in Alaska.     

Numerical Study of Water and Suspended Matter Exchange Between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

INTRODUCTIONTheYellowSeaandtheEastChinaSea (ECS)aremarginalseasofthenorthwestPacificandhaveexpansivecontinentalshelves .TheuniqueandstrikingfeaturesoftheYellowSeaandtheECSarethattheyhavestrongtidalcurrent;aresubjecttostrongmonsooninfluence ;andreceiveinflowfromthebiggestriverinChina ,theChangjiangRiver ;andthatthefamouswesternboundarycurrent,theKuroshio ,passesthroughtheECS ,withitsbranchesintrudingupwardintothecontinentalshelfareas.Generallyspeaking ,thewaterexchangecapacityofthe…     

VARIATIONS OF THE SUSPENDED MATTER AND THE PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON IN THE ENTRY OF THE GIRONDE ESTUARY, FRANCE

The effects of using different types of glass fiber filters (GF/F, GF/C) and of sample treatments evaluated. Studies on the variation of suspended matter (SM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) showed that: 1) the transversal and day to night variations are important and must be taken into account in order to get a corrcet river flux; 2) no regular seasonal variations of SM and POC observed, as they are controlled essentially by the climatological, hydrologic, physiochernical, biological, and geological conditions of the drainage area.     

Variations of the suspended matter and the particulate organic carbon in the entry of the Gironde Estuary,France

The effects of using different types of glass fiber filters (GF/F, GF/C) and of sample treatments were evaluated. Studies on the variation of suspended matter (SM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) showed that: 1) the transversal and day to night variations are important and must be taken into account in order to get a correct river flux; 2) no regular seasonal variations of SM and POC were observed, as they are controlled essentially by the climatological, hydrologic, physiochemical, biological, and geological conditions of the drainage area. Contribution No 2246 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.     

Characteristics of Light Transmission in Summer and Winter and Its Relation on Sediment Transport in the East China Sea

Light transmission data collected from June to July 1987 and from February to March 1997 by the R/V Kexue 1 in the East China Sea were used to analyze its distribution characteristics and its relation to the sediment transport in this sea. Some results obtained were: (1) The Taiwan Warm Current flowing northwards seemed to be a barrier preventing suspended matter discharged from the Changjiang River Estuary from continuously moving southeastward and causing the suspended matter to flow along a path near 123°30′E in summer and 123°00′E in winter. (2) Suspended matter in the area adjacent to the Changjiang River Estuary could not be transported southward along the coast in summer due to opposing offshore currents including the Taiwan Warm Current flowing northward and the Changjiang Diluted Water turning northeastward. (3) The thermocline and temperature front bar suspended matter from crossing through.     

Recent sedimentation and suspended matter in Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China

INTR0DUCnONErhailake,thesecondlargestlakeintheYUnnanPlateauinS0uthWstChina,islo-catedinDaliDefecthe25035'to25"58'N,looo05't0l(X)o07'E(Fig.l)-The40kInlong3-9kInwidelakeisnaInedafteritsearlikeshape.ItsbasicchimteristicsaregiveninTablel.EtheibeeisampicalriftlakeintheDalibasinwhichdeveloPedalongtheYuaniangHongheThewestsideofthebasinisformedbytheDiancangMountainwhichconsists0frock(PrecaInbrianschistandgneissandMiocenemetaInrphiclimestone).TheseisndcallystillactivemoUntainrangrisab0ut…     

基于超参数优化CatBoost算法的河流悬浮物浓度遥感反演

悬浮物浓度（TSM）是水生态环境评价的重要参数之一,及时掌握河流悬浮物浓度动态变化信息对于内陆水质监测、水环境治理是十分必要的。本研究基于野外实测光谱和悬浮物浓度数据,筛选与悬浮物浓度高度相关的波段组合反射率作为自变量,基于CatBoost、随机森林和多元线性回归算法构建悬浮物浓度遥感反演模型,采用带交叉验证的网格搜索法分别对CatBoost和随机森林2种机器学习模型进行超参数调优,确定模型最优参数配置,并对比不同模型反演精度,确定最优模型。基于最优模型,利用2019—2020年多时相Sentinel-2 MSI遥感影像,反演闽江下游悬浮物浓度,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：(1) b4/b3、(b6-b3)/(b6+b3)、(b4+b8)/b3、(1/b3-1/b4)×b5是MSI反演闽江下游TSM浓度的最佳波段组合反射率;(2)对比其他2种模型,基于超参数优化的CatBoost算法建立的悬浮物反演模型精度最高,其决定系数R2为0.95,均方根误差RMSE和平均绝对百分比误差MAPE分别为15.32 mg/L和19.68%;(3) 2019—2020年闽江下游悬浮物浓度分布“西低东...     

TRANSPORT OF SUSPENDED MATTER FROM THE CHANGJIANG RIVER TO THE EAST CHINA SEA SHELF

lmooUcrI0NSuspendedrnatter(SM)wasanimPortantsubjeCtofstudyincomPrehensiveoasnographicsurveyinChinaintheendofthel950s.Inthel97ds,somesdentistSpeonjo,l974,Yatomoto,l979,EInery,l978)studndextenSiveynoncombustiblematterandgrainsizedistributionsinSManditSreintionshiptoupwelling.Inthel980s,TotaIsuspendedmatternyM)distributionintheEastChinaSea(Ees)wasinvestisatalduringtheChinaisjointstudyonsedhedynaAnesthere.YangZuosheng(l992)distaltherelationbeweenthemacrostrUctureofSMtIansportanddistrib…     

Characteristics of Light Transmission in Summer and Winter and Its Relation to Sediment Transport in the East China Sea

INTRODUCTIONTheSubeiShoalandtheChangjiangRiverestuarineareainthewestoftheHuanghaiandEastChinaSeasisoneofthemarginalseasintheworld ,wheresuspendedmatterisextremelyhigh .Here ,notonlyistheretheTaiwanWarmCurrentoneoftheKuroshio’sbranchesintheEastChinaSea,butalsotheHuanghaiCoastalCurrent,andChangjiangDilutedWater.Sothestrongmixingbetweenthecoastalandoffshorewaterscomplicatessuspendedmatterdistributioninthisarea.HowthesuspendedmatterdischargedfromtheChangjiangRiverandtheabandonedHuan…     

三元复合驱采出污水回注渗透率的影响因素分析

基于大庆油田三元复合驱采出污水回注对地层存在的损害现象,研究了污水回注渗透率的影响因素。采用室内水驱实验方法,对三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等因素进行了分析,阐述了各种成分对渗透率的影响机理。结果表明,悬浮物颗粒会堵塞孔隙喉道,油产生的"贾敏效应"将增大油水流动阻力,碱与岩石及黏土矿物间的物理化学作用会使地层结垢,聚合物在岩芯中的吸附和滞留共同造成地层渗透率的下降。因此,建议将三元复合驱采出污水中悬浮物、油、碱、聚合物等处理合格后再进行回注,以减轻对地层的损害。     

OUTFLOW OF SUSPENDED MATERIALS FROM THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MOUTH

ImODUrmNJ0GFS(JointGlobaldrinFLuxStudy:l99()-2OO()isaworldwidenawhprogramfocusingontheoasns'buharolewhentheC0,prmtageintheairincreasesandtheatmOspheretemPeraturebo.ThefluxofsuspendedrnateriaIs(SM)intheEastChinaScaisboortanttotheworld'srnatterchaltfon,astheChangiiangRiver,thelargestriverinAsia,dischargesbillionsoftOnsoftheidWhterintoit.ManystudAshavebocondtalonSMmovementncarChina'scoastalseas.Yang(l983)studiedthefine%rainedsededtSfromtheChangiiangandHuangheRiversWhileQin(l983)fo…     

Ecological effects of co-culturing the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in an earthen pond

Using net enclosures in an earthen pond, we established three culture treatments with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis : monoculture of sea cucumbers(C), monoculture of shrimp(S), and co-culture of the two species(CS). We measured levels of suspended particulate matter in the water column; total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in both settling particles and the sediment; and chlorophyll a levels in the sediment. We then compared these variables between the three treatments. We also examined growth, survival, and yield of the two species in the different treatments. From June to September, the mean monthly suspended particulate matter sedimentation rates in the CS and S treatments were significantly( P 0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. From August to November, the mean monthly total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a contents in the sediment in the CS and S treatments were significantly( P 0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. Final wet weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and total yield of sea cucumbers in co-culture were all significantly greater than those of sea cucumbers in monoculture. There were no significant differences among any of these variables for shrimp reared in the two systems. The bioturbation of the sediment and fecal production of the shrimp likely supplied natural food for the sea cucumbers. Co-culture of the two species is a viable option for increasing yield per unit area, maximizing use of the water body, and diversifying crop production.     

天然水体中生物膜对水环境中磷的生物地球化学过程影响

介绍了生物膜及其发育形成机理,生源要素磷与底泥、悬浮颗粒、藻类及细菌之间的相互作用,生物膜中微生物对生源要素磷循环的作用及其检测方法。通过对该领域近几年最新研究成果的总结,得出生物膜尤其是细菌对元素磷迁移转化的影响起着重要作用;对今后研究重点作出展望,在考虑生物膜存在的条件下,深入研究沉积物、悬浮颗粒、藻类及细菌与磷循环的相互作用机制,将有助于弄清楚水体富营养化发生的过程及机理。     

THE DEGRADABILITY OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER IN THE GIRONDE ESTUARY, FRANCE

The degradability of particulate organic matter(POM)in the Gironde Estuary(France)was measuredusing the incubation technique.The influence of sample treatment and incubation conditions on the re-sults was evaluated.A mathematical model was successfully used to describe the various degradationcurves.Results showed that the upstream POM had very high degradability;the central estuaryPOM had low degradability;and that the mouth POM degradability was between that of central POM(low degradability)and marine POM(high degradability).     

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN YALU RIVER ESTUARY

Tidal cycle measurements of tidal currents, salinity and water temperature, and suspended sediment concentra-tions were measured at four stations, together with surveys along two profdes short core collection within the Yalu River estuary.Grain size analysis of the three core sed~ment showed that: 1 ) the sediment from B1 to B3 became finer, worse sorting andpositively skewed; 2) the diversification of matter origin became more and more evident from east to west; 3) the sedimenta overthe region were of the same origin, as indicated by their similar colors and grain sizes. The data indicated that stratification occurred in the flood season, from upstream to downstream, and a salt wedge was formed. The water column was well mixed, butthe longitudinal gradient of the salinity was larger on spring tide. The resulta also showed that the dominating mechanism ofsuspended sediment transport in the Yalu River estuary was T1, T2, T3 and T5. The non-tidal steady advection transport wasrestricted by the net transport of suspended sediment induced by mass Stoked drift directed to landwards, then the net sedimenttransport rate were decreased and the turbidity maxima was also favored to forming and extending.     

Ecological effects of co-culturing the sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> with the Chinese white shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis> in an earthen pond

Using net enclosures in an earthen pond, we established three culture treatments with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis: monoculture of sea cucumbers (C), monoculture of shrimp (S), and co-culture of the two species (CS). We measured levels of suspended particulate matter in the water column; total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratios in both settling particles and the sediment; and chlorophyll a levels in the sediment. We then compared these variables between the three treatments. We also examined growth, survival, and yield of the two species in the different treatments. From June to September, the mean monthly suspended particulate matter sedimentation rates in the CS and S treatments were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. From August to November, the mean monthly total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a contents in the sediment in the CS and S treatments were significantly ( P <0.05) greater than those in the C treatment. Final wet weight, specific growth rate, survival rate, and total yield of sea cucumbers in co-culture were all significantly greater than those of sea cucumbers in monoculture. There were no significant differences among any of these variables for shrimp reared in the two systems. The bioturbation of the sediment and fecal production of the shrimp likely supplied natural food for the sea cucumbers. Co-culture of the two species is a viable option for increasing yield per unit area, maximizing use of the water body, and diversifying crop production.