Problems of variational assimilation of observational data for ocean general circulation models and methods for their solution

Problems of the variational assimilation of satellite observational data on the temperature and level of the ocean surface, as well as data on the temperature and salinity of the ocean from the ARGO system of buoys, are formulated with the use of the global three-dimensional model of ocean thermodynamics developed at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS). Algorithms for numerical solutions of the problems are developed and substantiated, and data assimilation blocks are developed and incorporated into the global three-dimensional model. Numerical experiments are performed with the use of the Indian Ocean or the entire World Ocean as examples. These numerical experiments support the theoretical conclusions and demonstrate that the use of a model with an assimilation block of operational observational data is expedient.     

坛紫菜氨基酸提取工艺影响条件的优化与分析

以坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）为实验材料,采用盐酸水解法和浸提法,以日立L-8900型高速全自动氨基酸分析仪为测定仪器,分别研究了坛紫菜总氨基酸（TAA）和游离氨基酸（FAA）在提取过程中各条件的不同水平对提取结果的影响.实验结果表明：（1）利用正交设计L9（34）对影响TAA提取的4个条件（藻体质量、稀释倍数、干燥温度、空白值）在3个水平上进行优化实验,藻体质量、稀释倍数对测定结果影响显著,干燥温度影响不显著;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.050 0g,稀释3倍,干燥温度为60℃.（2）利用正交设计L16（45）对影响FAA测定的5个条件（藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间、空白值）在4个水平上进行优化实验,结果表明藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间的不同水平对测定结果均有显著影响,其中藻体质量对结果的影响最大;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.010 0 g,提取液为去离子水,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为4 h.     

波浪模式的变分多尺度方法模拟

针对波浪模式问题,将变分多尺度方法与自由面捕捉技术相结合;把波浪模式的各个物理量分解到“粗” “细”两种尺度上,引入消除数值伪振荡的稳定化结构;最后求解“粗” “细”两种尺度耦合的整体变分多尺度方程,模拟了水波自由晃动的1个周期和波浪的传播过程。模拟结果表明：采用变分多尺度方法模拟水波晃动和波浪传播不会引起数值伪振荡,得到精确的数值解,能够正确模拟水波自由晃动的周期性变化现象以及波浪的传播过程。     

Optimization of crude enzyme preparation methods for analysis of glutamine synthetase activity in phytoplankton and field samples

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an important enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation and metabolism in marine phytoplankton. However, little work has been done in situ due to the limitation of crude enzyme preparation methods. In this study, three enzyme preparation methods, high-speed centrifugation (HC, <10 000 g), ultracentrifugation (UC, 70 000 g), and ultrafiltration (UF) with 100 kμ molecular weight cutoff, were compared using two diatom species (Asterionellopsis glacialis and Thalassiosira weissflogii)...     

抛物型缓坡方程的变分及数值模拟

对线性水波的折射一绕射问题应用变分原理,对非等深、具有缓坡和不连续的底被导出了一种修改的抛物型缓坡方程近似模型,可预测三维地形上波浪的折射一绕射。同抛物型缓坡方程的线性方程进行了对比。通过数值模拟方法进行数值求解,表明本方法可用于地形条件下的波浪折射一绕射问题。     

变分资料同化中不同的变分求解方法

在应用变分资料同化方法时面临着两方面的难题:一是背景场误差协方差矩阵的求逆问题;二是与背景场误差协方差矩阵相关的计算与存储问题。为了解决这两方面的问题,不同的求解方法便被提出来了。对主要的变分求解方法,包括增量法、运用空间滤波算子的变分分析法、预处理化法、物理空间统计分析法、谱统计插值法等进行了系统的回顾,对它们的优缺点进行了分析与讨论,并指出了变分资料同化中各种求解方法的适用条件。     

Numerical modeling of ocean hydrodynamics with variational assimilation of observational data

Models and methods of the numerical modeling of ocean hydrodynamics dating back to the pioneering works of A.S. Sarkisyan are considered, with emphasis on the formulation of problems and algorithms of mathematical modeling and the four-dimensional variational assimilation of observational data. An algorithm is proposed for studying the sensitivity of the optimal solution to observational data errors in a seasurface temperature assimilation problem in order to retrieve heat fluxes on the surface. An example of a solution of the optimal problem of the World Ocean hydrodynamics with the assimilation of climatic temperature and salinity observations is offered.     

Definition of a generalized diabatic circulation based on a variational approach

Diabatic-circulation diagnostics with the use of the distributions of heating rates and potential temperature requires that, in each particular case, a special and ambiguously defined correction to the stream function be introduced to turn a globally averaged vertical velocity to zero at any isobaric level. Up to now, the physical nature of this correction has been little explained and it has been usually written in a form that has not been substantiated to a sufficient extent. In this paper, this correction and its uncertainty are related to the eddy term, which is usually neglected in the concept of diabatic velocities. The decomposition of wave fluxes into advective and diffusion components is not unique. As a result, one can formulate a variational problem of minimizing the diffusion component of the wave flux and, thus, the problem of finding advective velocities, which involve the maximum of eddy-induced advection. A unique solution of this problem is obtained, and the relation of the solution to the “standard” diabatic circulation is studied. It is shown that, in the approximation of quasi-horizontal isentropes, the generalized diabatic stream function is identical with the “standard“ stream function. This result partially justifies the correction that is commonly used in calculations of the diabatic circulation.     

四维变分同化技术在风暴潮数值模拟中的应用

利用区域海洋模式ROMS(Regional Ocean Modelling System)及其四维变分同化模块,建立了具有资料同化能力的东中国海风暴潮数值模式,通过将海洋站水位观测资料同化到风暴潮模式中,提高了模式对风暴潮的模拟精度。四维变分同化技术能够在整个同化时间窗口保持动力协调,使模拟结果在该时间窗口内最大程度的靠近观测,同时,得到了最优预报初始场。利用该模式,对两次温带风暴潮过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明:在同化窗口内,同化对模拟精度有明显的提高;结束同化之后,得到的最优预报初始场对临近预报精度也有一定提高。     

集合滤波和三维变分混合数据同化方法研究

发展了一种新的混合数据同化方法——基于集合滤波和三维变分的混合数据同化方法。该方法将集合调整卡尔曼滤波(ensemble adjustment Kalman filter,EAKF)得到的集合样本扰动通过一个转换矩阵的形式直接作用到背景场上,利用顺序滤波的思想得到分析场的一个扰动;然后在三维变分(three dimensional variational analysis,3D-Var)的框架下与观测数据进行拟合,从而给出分析场的最优估计。文中以Lorenz63模型为例,开展了理想数据同化试验,结果表明,相比于集合调整卡尔曼滤波,这种新的混合同化方法可以给出更好的同化结果。     

基于变分水平集方法的海冰信息自动提取

针对目前海冰信息解译时对海冰外缘线及面积信息提取不精确、业务化应用不强问题,提出一种基于分裂Bregman算法的海冰外缘线自动提取方法,并通过遥感影像预处理、算法程序化等工作步骤,将该算法应用到业务化海冰信息解译工作中。方法:分别选取五景中、高空间分辨率的可见光卫星遥感影像,将影像上待提取海冰区域首先进行不规则图像裁剪、图像增强等预处理工作,然后基于变分水平集及快速分裂Bregman投影方法进行了海冰外缘线信息的提取,并对提取出的海冰面积进行量化,最后与传统人工提取海冰信息进行了比较。实验结果表明,基于变分水平集及其快速分裂Bregman算法提取的海冰信息,具有提取的海冰边缘精确、自动化程度高、提取结果稳定可靠等优点。     

A variational formulation for three-dimensional analysis of extensible marine riser transporting fluid

This paper presents a model formulation for static and dynamic analysis of three-dimensional extensible marine riser transporting fluid. A variational model formulation is developed based on the principle of virtual work-energy and the extensible elastica theory. The virtual work-energy functional is composed of the virtual strain energy due to axial stretching, bending, and torsion and the virtual work done by the external and internal fluid. The governing dynamic equilibrium equations are derived in the Cartesian coordinate. The finite element method is used to obtain the numerical solutions. The numerical examples are provided to demonstrate interesting effects of fluid transportation and axial deformation on large displacements and dynamic properties of the three-dimensional extensible marine riser.