超深地连墙槽壁侧压力演变模式及其施工扰动分析

地连墙施工扰动的精细分析对预测基坑开挖的环境影响十分重要,尤其是超深基坑。因此,收集分析了某102 m超深地连墙施工过程中的泥浆压力和混凝土压力现场实测数据,总结了槽壁侧压力的演变规律和竖向分布模式,提出了混凝土浇筑过程中槽壁侧压力的三折线模型并验证。三折线模型可以再现槽壁侧压力先增大后减小的趋势,并可退化为双折线模型。最后采用三折线模型建立了精细化数值模型,模拟了百米地连墙的成槽开挖及混凝土浇筑过程,分析了连续墙施工对槽段周围土体应力与变形的影响,并将计算结果与双折线模型结果进行了对比。结果表明：超深地下连续墙施工会引起周围土体的应力重分布,其影响范围在沿槽段方向为1.6倍槽段长度,在垂直槽段方向为4.3倍槽段长度;土体应力重分布有沿竖向和水平向传递两种机制,且以水平向传递为主。在上海软土地区,地下连续墙混凝土的浇筑会对槽壁产生挤压作用,引起槽段体积增大,进而导致混凝土浇筑量的增大。     

苏州粉土地层地连墙施工对地层扰动影响研究

采用三维有限差分软件FLAC3D对地下连续墙施工进行模拟,分析苏州地区粉土地层中地连墙施工对土体扰动及周边建筑物影响。利用UBCSAND硬化规律对外部扰动作用下土体强度逐步发挥的力学特性进行表征,模拟开挖过程中浅层土体变形,并对地连墙施工中成槽开挖、钢筋混凝土施工及混凝土硬化进行全过程模拟。计算结果表明,硬化模型较好地反映地连墙施工扰动下浅层土体力学特性;地连墙成槽阶段地层变形随深度的增加而减小,地表以下20 m范围内地层变形显著,而深部土体变形较小;钢筋混凝土浇筑施工对地层变形起到抑制作用;混凝土硬化阶段地层变形趋于稳定。在该基础上采用硬化模型对苏州某基坑地连墙施工进行数值仿真,模拟结果和现场实测吻合较好。     

地下连续墙施工力学机理三维数值分析

采用三维有限差分方法,模拟了地下连续墙成槽开挖及混凝土浇筑施工全过程,研究了连续墙槽段外围土层在地下连续墙施工过程中的应力状态与变形形态,并将计算结果和现场实测结果进行比较。结果表明,数值计算应力结果与实测结果规律基本一致,但槽段底部数值计算应力变化梯度比实测值略大,采用该计算方法模拟地下连续墙施工全过程具有一定的可行性和较强的可靠性。     

砂卵石地层中防渗墙槽壁稳定性影响因素研究

地下连续墙或防渗墙施工中槽孔的开挖是极其重要的分项工程,泥浆护壁条件下槽壁的稳定性影响因素很多．应用ABAQUS有限元软件,考虑泥浆的渗透,模拟计算不同密度的泥浆以及泥浆分层后槽壁的位移,对槽壁的稳定性进行分析．经对槽壁位移值的分析得到泥浆密度增大槽壁的位移随之减小以及减小的幅度,随着泥浆的沉淀,槽壁位移增大．研究可为...     

双矩形钢模管互导干作业地下连续墙

地下连续墙常采用泥浆护壁、水下灌注混凝土进行施工,槽壁稳定和槽段接头防渗一直是施工控制的难点。泥浆本身易于造成环境污染,而泥浆制备的水耗和废料处置也增加了工程造价。为解决这些问题,开发了一种新技术——双模管互导干作业地下连续墙技术。该技术采用钢模管护壁和双矩形模管导向沉管挤土或沉管干取土的成墙工艺（分别适用于墙厚300～500mm和600～1 000mm）,不需要泥浆和水下灌注墙混凝土,可以在同一平面内成墙、实现墙单元无缝连接。实践表明,该技术墙体防渗性能好,成墙效率高,连接质量可靠,不仅适用于深厚软粘土地层的基坑围护工程,也可应用于类似地质条件下水库工程的防渗加固。     

软土地层地下连续墙成槽护壁泥浆研究

含砂性土等软土地层地下连续墙成槽施工,基槽侧壁易扰动坍塌,影响地下连续墙施工质量。降低泥浆失水量、适当提高泥浆粘度和防塌是护壁成槽的关键。结合宁波轨道交通车站基坑地下连续墙成槽施工,采用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHP)、聚丙烯腈钙(CPAN)和硝基腐植酸钾(NKHm)作为添加剂,根据正交试验测定泥浆性能优化配比。研究表明：PHP失水量小,泥皮薄;CPAN和NKHm对降失水量效果明显,粘度适中。将试验结果应用于工程实践,护壁效果好。     

深基坑围护超深地下连续墙护壁泥浆的研究及应用

针对苏州中心项目基坑临近地铁侧、隔断承压水的特点,采用超深地连墙进行基坑围护。根据工程重点、难点以及质量控制要求,对地下连续墙成槽过程中的护壁泥浆问题进行了分析研究,提出了泥浆配制、参数控制、泥浆处理的成套方案。现场实际应用表明,所研究的优质护壁泥浆在本工程地连墙的施工中是行之有效的。     

通州运河ONE项目地下连续墙施工技术

结合北京市通州运河ONE项目基坑地下连续墙工程,介绍了北京地区复杂环境下深基坑地下连续墙施工的主要技术措施,地下连续墙施工过程中导墙施工、泥浆制作、成槽、钢筋笼制作、混凝土浇筑中的施工要点及注意事项,解决了一系列的重点、难点问题,形成了一套系统而完善的地下连续墙施工技术。探讨了周边和地下复杂环境下工程施工中,可能出现的各种问题及相应预防控制措施,研究的规模、深度、涉及的问题均较以往有很大的发展。本工程为复杂条件下深大基坑地连墙支护施工,提供了参考。     

矩形地连墙槽壁整体稳定分析方法的对比研究

在地下连续墙施工阶段采用泥浆护壁技术开挖槽壁的稳定性一直备受关注。通过假定不同的滑动面或滑动体形状,并根据滑动土体的受力平衡分析或单元土体的应力极限状态分析,已经建立了一些槽壁整体稳定性的分析方法。为辨识这些方法的适用性,从理论基础、计算参数的敏感性以及实际应用效果等方面对其进行了对比研究。结果表明,在半圆柱形和三棱柱形滑动体假设基础上建立的槽壁稳定分析方法,能较为合理地评价槽壁的稳定性。     

地下连续墙成槽过程槽壁土体变形测试

为了分析地下连续墙成槽施工过程中对槽壁周边土体变形的影响程度,在南京河西地区某基坑工程的地下连续墙正式施工前进行了墙厚1.2 m、宽度4.5 m、深度61.0 m的成槽试验。结果表明,当成槽机向下开挖时,土体在不同深度处出现不同程度的向坑外的位移现象,部分监测数据显示为负值。在成槽施工完成后,水平位移变化出现缓慢回弹的趋势,并在成槽后的两天时间内变化速率渐渐变小。单幅地下连续墙成槽过程中槽壁周边土体的变形对环境影响不大。     

Modelling of earth and water pressure development during diaphragm wall construction in soft clay

The influence of a diaphragm wall construction on the stress field in a soft clayey soil is investigated by the use of a three‐dimensional FE‐model of seven adjacent wall panels. The installation procedure comprises the excavation and the subsequent pouring of each panel taking into account the increasing stiffness of the placed fresh concrete. The soft clay deposit is described by a visco‐hypoplastic constitutive model considering the rheological properties and the small‐strain stiffness of the soil. The construction process considerably affects the effective earth and pore water pressures adjacent to the wall. Due to concreting, a high excess pore water pressure arises, which dissipates during the following construction steps. The earth pressure finally shows an oscillating, distinct three‐dimensional distribution along the retaining wall which depends on the installation sequence of the panels and the difference between the fresh concrete pressure and the total horizontal earth pressure at rest. In comparison to FE‐calculations adopting the earth pressure at rest as initial condition, greater wall deflections and surface ground settlements during the subsequent pit excavation can be expected, as the average stress level especially in the upper half of the wall is increased by the construction procedure of the retaining structure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of the construction process on the deformation behaviour of diaphragm walls in soft clayey ground

Conventional numerical predictions of deep excavations normally neglect the construction process of the retaining structure and choose the earth pressure at rest as initial condition at the beginning of the simulation. The presented results of simulation and measurements during the construction process of the Taipei National Enterprise Center show, that such an assumption leads to an underestimation of the horizontal wall deflection, the surface ground settlements as well as the loading of the struts in case of normally to slightly over‐consolidated clayey soil deposits. The stepwise installation process of the individual diaphragm wall panels results in a substantial modification of the lateral effective stresses in the adjacent ground. Especially the pouring process of the panel and the fresh concrete pressure causes a partial mobilization of the passive earth pressure and a distinct stress level increase in the upper half of the wall. As a consequence of the increased stresses prior to the pit excavation, up to 15% greater ground and wall movements are predicted. Moreover, the increased stress level due to the installation process of the diaphragm wall leads to substantial higher strut loadings during the excavation of the pit. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Displacements induced by the installation of diaphragm panels

The walls of a deep excavation in cohesionless soils below the water table have been supported by a reinforced concrete diaphragm with T-shaped panels. To improve the safety against the risk of local collapse during the panel excavation, the soil surrounding the panels has been treated by deep mixing to a depth of 6?C10?m. The horizontal displacements, induced in the surrounding soil by the installation (deep mixing, slurry supported excavation, placing of the reinforcement cage, concrete casting and curing) of the diaphragm, have been measured by means of inclinometers. It is claimed that they can be a significant fraction of the total displacements induced by the excavation. A back analysis of the observed displacements shows that the deformation process is essentially elastic and can be satisfactorily modelled provided the values of the soil stiffness are properly selected.     

基于DTS的地下连续墙接头处渗漏预测

地下连续墙作为深基坑的支护墙体,具有良好的强度和安全稳定性。但墙体的不完整性会引起渗漏问题的发生,严重影响墙体的功能。针对地下连续墙的渗漏问题,设计模型试验探索了不同加压功率、不同加压时长下不同含泥量混凝土的温升稳定情况,通过温升曲线中的异常点,可分析墙体的完整性及发生墙体渗漏情况,提出了基于分布式光纤温度感测(Distributed Temperature Sensing,DTS)技术的地下连续墙混凝土浇筑完整性检测方法及对地下连续墙接头处渗漏的预测方法。以昆明地铁四号线的深基坑地下连续墙项目为例,介绍了利用DTS监测地下连续墙渗漏的感测光缆及其布设方法,对比检测结果及现场实际渗漏情况,验证了这一方法的可行性和有效性。     

宝钢轧机旋流池深基坑的监测分析

介绍了宝钢一个采用半逆作法施工深基坑的现场监测实例.通过对地下连续墙侧向位移、孔隙水压力、土压力、钢筋应力及坑底隆起等监测结果的分析,得出一些有价值的结论,可以为类似工程的设计、施工和监测提供一些借鉴.     

深基坑工程逆作法的理论与计算

把高层建筑与地基基础共同作用理论引伸到深基坑工程的逆作法,考虑地下墙的共同作用,形成比较完整的深基坑工程的逆作法理论和方法。利用编制的程序,可以计算逆作法和半逆作法施工过程中各个工况的地下墙、楼板、立柱桩以及基础(筏或箱)板浇注后的受力和变形,此外,还可计算地下墙和桩的荷载分担等。结合上海一幢高238 m,60层的超高层建筑带10层的裙房,桩筏基础,深为18.95～24.00 m和面积22 000 m2的基坑工程进行计算,以图与表阐述逆作法的特点,并与实测结果对比分析,说明该理论的合理性和可行性,有助于提高深基坑工程的设计与施工水平。     

考虑土体硬化的基坑开挖性状及隆起稳定性分析

基坑开挖过程中,土体应力路径、卸载回弹再压缩特性与简单加载或卸载不同,采用常规的理想弹塑性模型模拟基坑开挖,得到的围护墙位移、坑内土体回弹以及坑外沉降较大。分析了基坑开挖不同区域土体的性状,采用土体硬化模型模拟基坑开挖的卸载与土体硬化行为,结合工程算例,对比土体硬化模型和理想弹塑性模拟以及实测的围护结构土压力、围护墙水平位移和坑外土体沉降,并利用强度折减法分析基坑的稳定性。计算结果表明,考虑土体硬化的HS模型有限元方法能体现土体卸载再加载与开挖的特性,所得土压力、围护结构水平位移以及基坑抗隆起稳定性符合软土地区基坑工程的实践。     

Test and numerical research on wall deflections induced by pre-excavation dewatering

Numerous studies have been devoted to the performance of excavations and adjacent facilities. In contrast, few studies have focused on retaining wall deflections induced by pre-excavation dewatering. However, considerable inward cantilever deflections were observed for a diaphragm wall in a pre-excavation dewatering test based on a long and narrow metro excavation, and the maximum deflection reached 10 mm (37.6% of the allowable wall deflection for the project). Based on the test results, a three-dimensional soil–fluid coupled finite element model was established and used to study the mechanism of the dewatering-induced diaphragm wall deflections. Numerical results indicated that the diaphragm wall deflection results from three factors: (1) the seepage force around the dewatering well and the soil–wall interaction caused the inward horizontal displacement of the soil inside the excavation; (2) the reduced total earth pressure on the excavated side of the diaphragm wall above approximately 1/2 of the maximum dewatering depth disequilibrated the original earth pressure on both sides of the diaphragm wall; and (3) the different negative friction on the excavated and retained sides of the diaphragm wall led to the rotation of the diaphragm wall into the excavation.