Numerical Modeling of a Round Jet Discharged into Random Waves

Coastal disposal of waste water can be idealized as the problem of a jet under random waves. Understanding of this phenomenon is important for engineering design and environmental impact assessment. The present study aims to simulate such phenomenon by using a 3D numerical model based on the solution of the spatially filtered and σ-transformed Navier–Stokes equations with dynamic sub-grid scale model of turbulence. The numerical solution procedures are split into three steps: advection, diffusion and pressure propagation, and a Lagrange–Euler method is used to track the free surface. Cases of vertical jet in stagnant water, pure random waves and vertical jet in random waves are simulated with the same grid system for comparative study. Different methods of generating jet inflow turbulence have been tested and the method of jet azimuthal modes is found to be the optimum. The numerical results reproduce the distinct characteristics of jet in waves, including faster decay of centerline velocity, wider lateral spreading and the occurrence of wave tractive mechanism.     

Numerical study on three-dimensional waves produced by a bottom jet

The eruption of an underwater volcano can initiate the disturbances of the sea surface and subsequently generate a group of outward-propagating tsunamis. The theme of this study is to introduce a three-dimensional (3D) fully nonlinear wave model for the simulation of wave motions induced by a bottom jet. A boundary-fitted coordinate system is utilized to conveniently adjust grids according to the transient moving free surface. The governing Laplace equation of the velocity potential is solved by an implicit finite-difference scheme while a mixed explicit/implicit iteration procedure is applied to solve the free-surface boundary conditions. In addition, a set of generalized Boussinesq equations are solved for comparison with the fully nonlinear model. Good agreements in comparisons with the existing numerical and analytical solutions are achieved for cases investigated. Waves induced by three types of bottom jets: namely (1) sudden eruption, (2) initial transient, and (3) periodic transient are discussed in this paper. For the case of sudden erupted jet, a system of 3D outgoing waves as the cylindrical wave pattern are presented and discussed. For the initial transient types, it shows the transition in the incipient stage has a great influence on the initial rising of the water surface and the induced leading waves. Furthermore, an interesting up-down phenomenon in the center of disturbed free surface due to the type of periodic jet is revealed.     

长江河口波-流共同作用下的全沙数值模拟

针对长江河口地形、水文、泥沙运动等复杂的特点,建立了波-流共同作用下的二维全沙及河床演变模型.在合理计算研究区域流场等的基础上,利用切应力概念确定悬沙扩散方程中的源函数;通过系列数值试验和实测资料的统计分析,在经典的泥沙临界起动速度中引入反映河床底质结构及固结程度的局地系数;选用由流速、盐度、含沙量浓度确定的泥沙颗粒絮凝沉降速度,从而提高长江口悬沙场数值模拟精度.在底沙输运计算中,提出一种较为合理确定有关参数的方法.通过洪、枯季大、中、小潮水文、泥沙资料和典型台风引起航槽冲淤变化的实测资料验证,表明该文提出的模型能较合理地反映长江河口流场、泥沙场及地形的演变.     

Numerical Study of Submerged Vertical Plane Jets Under Progressive Water Surface Waves

When wastewater is discharged into a coastal area through an ouffall system, it will always be subjected to the action of waves. It is important to study and quantify the mixing of the discharge with the ambient water so that accurate environmental impact assessment can be made for such discharge conditions. The present work aims to study the phenomenon of a plane jet discharged into water environment with regular waves. A 3D numerical model based on the full Navier- Stokes equations （NSE） in the a-coordinate is developed to study the present problem. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgrid-scale （SGS） model using the concept of large eddy simulation （LES）. The operator splitting method is used to solve the modified NSE. The model has been applied to the simulation of three different eases of submerged plane jets with surface waves： jet with strong waves, jet with weak waves and jet without waves. Numerical results show that the waves enhance the mixing of the jet with the ambient fluid, and cause a periodic deflection of the jet. The size of the recirculation is about 1.5- 2.4 h （water depth） . The velocity profile of the jet is serf-similar in the zone of established flow for both the pure jet and jet in wave circumstances. The spreading characteristic constant a is 0. 100 and 0. 105 for pure momentum jets with Re numbers 1025 and 2050. The value of a increases from 0. 130 to 0. 147 for a jet in weak and strong wave circumstances, showing that waves have an obvious effect on the mixing and dilution properties of jets. Numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data for the cases of pure jets and jets with waves.     

风作用下孤立波在珊瑚礁上传播变形机制数值模拟研究

基于二维不可压缩两相流模型建立了数值风浪水槽,采用SST k-ω雷诺时均湍流模型,研究了风作用下孤立波在珊瑚礁上的传播变形规律。将计算结果与实验数据对比,证明了该两相流模型计算孤立波在珊瑚礁上传播的准确性,并进一步分析了不同风速对珊瑚礁上孤立波传播变形的影响。结果表明：风的作用会使波面发生随机脉动特征。当地波高随风速的增大而增大;当地波高关于风速的变化梯度随入射波高的增大而增大。风的作用会加快孤立波的传播并且使孤立波提前发生破碎;孤立波开始破碎的位置随风速的增大向远离礁坪的方向移动。反射系数随风速的增大而增大;反射系数关于风速的变化梯度随入射波高的增大而减小;透射系数随风速的增大呈增大趋势。平底区波峰剖面同一水深处的水平流速随风速的增大而增大;且一定的风速不改变水平流速沿水深的变化梯度。有风时波面上方的矢量密度和大小均明显高于无风时且与风速呈正相关,并且波峰上方气流不再循环。随着风速的增大,水气交界面附近的正涡量和负湍流剪应力减小,负涡量和正湍流剪应力增大。水体动能、势能和总能达到高值的时间随风速的增大而减少;水体动能、势能和总能随风速的增大而增大,并且风速对水体动能的相对影响大于势能。     

三维随机海浪的数值模拟

本文首先分析了三维随机海浪的方向谱函数和三维随机海浪的数学模型,然后在ＭＡＴＬＡＢ环境下设计了数值模拟程序,并模拟出三维随机海浪的方向谱和三维随机海浪的三维空间模型。     

随机海浪列率谱分析的实验研究

介绍了列率谱分析的两种谱估计方法;并矢周期图法和并矢相关法。通过实测资料比较表明,两种谱估计方法的计算结果基本一致。文中利用不同环境条件下的实验室资料对列率谱进行了分析,并与频谱的部分计算结果进行了比较,对其存在的差异给出了可能的物理解释。     

利用波浪频谱数值模拟畸形波的方法探究

畸形波是一种特殊的波浪,它的波高极高,波峰尖瘦,能量很集中[1].图1是一个比较典型的畸形波[1],这个波列的有效波高是5.65 m,而其中的畸形波波高是有效波高的3.19倍,达到了18.04 m,波峰的高度是13.90 m,波的周期是9.8 s,畸形程度很大.最有名的畸形波是图2给出的1995-01-01-15:20在北海Draupner石油平台记录的波高25.6m的“新年波”,1 200 s长的观测记录显示当时的有效波高是11.92 m,波峰的高度达到18.4 m.由水深70 m,畸形波的特征周期12 s,根据线性色散关系得出波长为220 m.     

潜堤上破碎波浪传播变形的数值模型及其验证

为模拟潜堤上破碎波浪传播时产生能量的耗散这一特性,在改进的具有四阶色散的Boussinesq水波方程中中入二阶紊动粘性项,建立了考虑波浪破碎的水波数学模型.在非交错网格下建立了有限差分数值模型,并利用三阶Adams-Bash forth格式预报、四阶Adams-Mouton格式校正对数值模型进行求解.通过数值试验,模拟...     

Numerical Simulation of Multi-Directional Random Seas

Multi-directional irregular waves are simulated on the basis of the given directional spectrum using a double summation model, a single direction per frequency model and a single summation model. Their results are compared. It is shown that the single direction per frequency model proposed in this paper can generate a realistic wave field. The effects of the model parameters on the simulated results are also studied in this paper and corresponding suggestions are given.     

长江口附近海域台风浪的数值模拟--以鹿沙台风和森拉克台风为例

利用SWAN波浪模型计算长江口附近海域的台风浪,鉴于长江河口岸界和地形复杂,拟采用曲线网格.为证实曲线网格下的SWAN模型对于复杂地形的有效性,首先选用美国特拉华大学波浪水池实验资料对SWAN模型进行检验,结果表明利用曲线网格能不过多增加计算量而提高关键区域的计算精度.以0215号鹿沙台风和0216号森拉克台风为例,将SWAN模型应用到长江口附近海域,进行台风浪的数值模拟.通过浮标测站实测资料验证,表明有效波高计算值与实测值符合良好.通过综合分析模型计算的波浪场,说明SWAN模型能合理地反映长江口附近海域台风浪的分布.     

Numerical simulations and model tests of the mooring characteristic of a tension leg platform under random waves

Analyzing the dynamic response and calculating the tendon tension of the mooring system are necessary for the structural design of a tension leg platform （TLP）. The six-degree-of-freedom dynamic coupling responses and the mooring characteristics of TLP under random waves are studied by using a self-developed program. Results are verified by the 1：40 scaling factor model test conducted in the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering at Shanghai JiaoTong University. The mean, range, and standard deviation of the numerical simulation and model test are compared. The influences of different sea states and wave approach angles on the dynamic response and tendon tension of the mooring system are investigated. The acceleration in the center and corner of the deck is forecasted.     

随机波浪中畸形波在三维岛礁地形上的试验研究

在试验水池中,开展了波浪在岛礁地形上演化问题的研究。首先在实验水池中建立了西太平洋某岛礁地形的模型,然后采用改进的JONSWAP谱,由造波机产生不同周期、波高的随机波浪。试验中观察到了不同类型畸形波生成的过程及不同波面形态的畸形波。对偏度、峰度及水深与畸形波要素H_m/H_s（H_m表示波列中的最大波高, H_s为有效波高）的关系进行了详细的分析,同时,对畸形波波高H_fr与偏度的关也进行了分析。通过对试验结果分析,发现峰度与畸形波要素i>H_m/H_s呈正相关, H_fr增大时相应的偏度也会呈现增大的趋势。此外,水深的变化剧烈时（如斜坡、海山位置）有助于畸形波的发生。     

浙江近海典型寒潮浪的数值模拟:以2015年3月和2016年1月为例

本文选用第三代海浪模式SWAN(SimulatingWAveNearshore),以CCMP(Cross-CalibratedMultiPlatform)风场作为驱动风场,数值模拟了2015年3月份和2016年1月份影响浙江省的两次典型寒潮,并将模拟结果与实测数据进行了对比,模拟误差均在20%之内,属于可以接受的范围,表明SWAN模型和CCMP风场能够满足此次寒潮浪数值模拟的需要。本文从风场的强度、最值风速、风向、持续时间等方面,对比了两次寒潮期间的寒潮风场;从寒潮浪的强度、最值波高分布、持续时间、涌浪分布区域等方面,对两次典型寒潮期间的寒潮浪时空分布的异同进行了研究。总体而言,2015年3月份寒潮的风场从强度上弱于2016年1月份寒潮, 3月份寒潮风场的主流大风是6～7级风,风向偏正北风;1月份寒潮风场的主流大风是6～8级风,风向偏西北风。2015年3月份的寒潮浪强度上弱于2016年1月份寒潮浪, 3月份寒潮浪波高变化剧烈的区域位于研究区域的东北部, 1月份寒潮浪波高变化剧烈的区域位于研究区域的中部和东部; 3月份寒潮浪的大浪主要是5级浪, 1月份寒潮浪的大浪主要是5、6级浪。当寒潮对研究区域的波浪场影响最为显著时,2015年3月份寒潮期间研究区域的北部多为涌浪,2016年1月份寒潮期间研究区域的南部多为涌浪。     

两相流模型在南海内孤立波与沙波相互作用中的应用

为研究内孤立波与沙波的相互作用,本文对基于OpenFOAM的SedWaveFoam求解器进行改进,建立了内孤立波-泥沙运动欧拉两相流模型。在利用试验资料对模型进行验证的基础上,在南海北部典型代表性条件下,模拟分析了500 m水深位置沙波床面上内孤立波作用下的水动力变化和泥沙运动。结果表明,内孤立波逐渐离开沙波时,海底沙波背流面处出现与内孤立波背景流速反向的流速,在内孤立波导致的流场作用下,沙波床面上的泥沙悬起并运动到床面以上的水体中。振幅100 m的内孤立波可以导致床面以上14 m高的位置处出现约0.07 kg/m³的悬沙浓度。     

规则波作用下水下拖缆数值分析研究

研究了水面波浪对水下拖缆的干扰。首先基于集中质量法给出了三维非均匀拖缆在规则波作用下的数学模型,然后通过四阶龙格库塔方法进行数值求解,并根据仿真计算讨论了拖缆在不同波浪作用下的稳态响应特性。仿真结果表明,水下拖缆在规则波的作用下,不仅作近似的简谐振动,还会在横向、垂向产生一个偏移量,且随浪向角的变化呈现不同的响应特征。     

海啸波传播的线性和非线性特征及近海陆架效应影响的数值研究

浅水方程被广泛应用于海啸预警报业务及研究,而针对线性浅水方程与非线性浅水方程在不同海区水深地形条件下的适用范围、计算效率问题是海啸研究人员急需了解的。本文应用基于浅水方程的海啸数值预报模型就海啸波在南海、东海传播的线性、非线性特征以及陆架对其传播之影响进行了数值分析研究。海啸波在深水的传播表征为强线性特征,此时线性系统对海啸波幅的模拟计算具有较高的精度和效率,而弱的非线性特征及弱的色散特征对海啸波幅的预报影响甚微,可以忽略不计。海啸波传播至浅水大陆架后受海底坡度变化、海底粗糙度等因素影响,波动的非线性效应迅速传播、积累,与线性浅水方程计算的海啸波相比表现出较大差异,主要表现为:在南海区,水深小于100m时,海啸波首波以后的系列波动非线性特征比较明显,两者波幅差别较大,但首波波幅的区别不大,因此对于该区域在不考虑海啸爬高的情况下,应用线性系统计算得到的海啸波幅也可满足海啸预警报的要求;在东海区由于陆架影响,海啸波非线性特征明显增强,水深小于100m区域,首波及其后系列波波幅均差异较大,故在该区域必须考虑海啸波非线性作用。本文就底摩擦项对海啸波首波波幅的影响进行了数值对比分析,结果表明:底摩擦作用对海啸波首波波幅影响仅作用于小于100m水深。最后,该文通过敏感性试验,初步分析了陆架宽度及陆架边缘深度对海啸波波幅的影响,得出海啸波经陆架传播共振、变形后,海啸波幅的放大或减小与陆架的宽度及陆架边缘水深有关。     

Numerical simulation of characteristics of semidiurnal tidal waves in sea region around Taiwan

INTRODUCTIONNumerica comutation and simu1ation of tidal waves in the closed ocean of China havebo greatly imProved in recent years. As far as the method Of numerica comPU8tion are con-cemed, we can divide them into two classes: beundary va1ue methed and initial value methed.The fOrmer needs the tidal level value of coast beund8ry and the side beundary of water shOuldbe given, and its calculative result dePends on the reliability of boundary value. The rnan-madeermr, caed by getting the…     

环台湾岛海域半日潮波特征的三维模拟

用1997版POM海洋模式,首次应用于环台湾岛海域的潮波数值研究.得到该海域的半日潮波主要为23°N以南西太平洋传来的胁振潮.影响台湾海峡的半日潮波分别由海峡南北口传入的两支潮波,且北支强于南支.福建沿岸湄州湾-兴化湾为最强潮区,其M₂分潮最大振幅可达240cm.最强潮流区位于澎湖水道,M₂分潮最大潮流达196cm/s.环台湾岛海域潮波潮流水平结构上除海峡北部原有一个圆流点外,还发现另外存在4个新的圆流点.潮流垂直结构上主要为右偏,接近底层处为左偏.     

Experimental study of the breaking limit of multi-directional random waves passing over an impermeable submerged breakwater

This study investigates experimentally the breaking wave height of multi-directional random waves passing over an impermeable submerged breakwater. Experiments have been conducted in a three-dimensional wave basin equipped with a multi-directional random wave generator. A special type of wave gauge has been newly devised to record the water surface elevations in the breaker zone as accurately as possible. The records are analyzed to estimate the location and limit of wave breaking. Comparisons have also been made with the results of regular waves. The influence of the incident wave conditions on the breaking wave height normalized by the breakwater dimensions has been investigated. Empirical formulae have been presented to estimate the breaking limit of multi-directional random waves based on the experimental records. The formulae have been tested and found to work well not only for multi-directional random waves, but for regular waves as well.