A hydroecological study of eutrophic Yongding Reservoir

The water quality of Yongding Reservoir was evaluated by using aquatic ecological techniques combined with chemical and physical methods. Of the 14 biological, chemical and physical parameters examined in this study, 10, including primary productivity and chlorophylla, were found to exceed the critical levels for eutrophic waters. Most of the indicators and Carlson's Comprehensive Trophic State Index (TST) indices indicated that the water quality of the western side of the reservoir was worse than that of the eastern side. Polluted water from the Yongding River was considered a main source of pollutants in the reservoir, while the farming of carp in net cages also contributed to the low water quality. A comparison of the water quality data in 1982 and 1988 indicated that the rate of eutrophication of Yongding Reservoir was alarming.     

Phytoplankton community structure in reservoirs of different trophic status, Northeast China

The aim of this study was to determine the phytoplankton community structures of reservoirs of different trophic status, located in a cold region. Physical and chemical variables and the phytoplankton communities were investigated in two reservoirs (Xiquanyan Reservoir and Taoshan Reservoir) in Northeast China in 2009. The two reservoirs showed strong seasonal fluctuations in their physical and chemical composition. Results of the trophic status index indicated that Xiaquanyan Reservoir was mesotrophic, whilst Taoshan Reservoir was eutrophic. Diatoms were the dominant phytoplankton group in Xiquanyan Reservoir throughout all seasons of the study, while in Taoshan Reservoir, diatoms dominated in spring, and cyanobacteria dominated in summer and autumn. This difference was resulted from differences in local environmental factors, including nutrients and hydrology. This study suggests that in mesotrophic reservoirs, nutrients played a key role in controlling seasonal phytoplankton successions, whereas in eutrophic reservoirs water temperature was the key factor in a cold region. Notably, the dominant species in summer in the Taoshan Reservoir was Microcystis, which may produce toxins depending on the ambient conditions, and presenting a risk of local toxin contamination.     

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纯化油田湖相滩坝薄储层含油性差异及控制因素

纯化油田滩坝储层岩性复杂,泥岩、砂岩和碳酸盐岩呈薄层状频繁互层,不同储层的物性差异明显。综合运用岩心、测井、扫描电镜、物性实验和生产动态等资料,对储层含油性差异及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明:研究区发育坝、砂质滩、颗粒滩、泥晶滩及浅湖泥5种微相,物源、成岩作用、沉积微相和储层厚度均对储层含油性有控制作用。优质储层在垂向上有分层性,纯上砂层组砂岩储层优于纯下砂层组碳酸盐岩储层,其中成岩作用改造作用明显,钙质胶结使砂岩物性变差,溶蚀作用使鲕粒灰岩孔渗性优于泥晶灰岩;平面上有分区性,与沉积微相密切相关,坝、砂质滩最好,颗粒滩次之,泥晶滩最差;同一相带内又受储层厚度影响,厚度越大产油越好。     

贵州三板溪水库诱发地震活动特征分析

研究了贵州省三板溪水库蓄水前后的地震活动特征与地震成因类型, 认为三板溪水库蓄水后出现的地震成因类型可划分为水库诱发构造型和地壳表层卸荷型。     

Spatial distribution and filtering efficiency of Daphnia in a deep subtropical reservoir

Studies of Daphnia distribution and function could help people manage and protect water quality.We investigated how spatial distribution and filtering efficiency of Daphnia in the transition and lacustrine zones of the Nanwan Reservoir(China).Samplings were conducted seasonally for 2 years from six sites in the reservoir.Daphnia abundance and biomass were significantly higher in the lacustrine zone than in the transition zone.Similar composition and biomass of edible phytoplankton were found in the two zones,suggesting that food quantity could not explain high Daphnia distribution in the lacustrine zone.The variations of water velocity and food quality could help explaining Daphnia patchy distribution in the reservoir.On the one hand,rapid water velocity can cause the Daphnia decrement in the transition zone.On the other hand,the ratio of particulate organic carbon(POC)to chlorophyll a(chl a)concentration was significantly higher in the transition zone,indicating more allochthonous material constituted the food source for Daphnia.The lower quality food likely suppressed Daphnia development in the transition zone.A linear regression between Daphnia abundance and Secchi depth(SD)may suggest a cause-effect relationship where increased filtering efficiency was responsible for increased water clarity to some extent.     

Displacement characteristics and prediction of Baishuihe landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir

In order to reach the designated final water level of 175 m, there were three impoundment stages in the Three Gorges Reservoir, with water levels of 135 m, 156 m and 175 m. Baishuihe landslide in the Reservoir was chosen to analyze its displacement characteristics and displacement variability at the different stages. Based on monitoring data, the landslide displacement was mainly influenced by rainfall and drawdown of the reservoir water level. However, the magnitude of the rise and drawdown of the water level after the reservoir water level reached 175 m did not accelerate landslide displacement. The prediction of landslide displacement for active landslides is very important for landslide risk management. The time series of cumulative displacement was divided into a trend term and a periodic term using the Hodrick-Prescott(HP) filter method. The polynomial model was used to predict the trend term. The extreme learning machine(ELM) and least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM) were chosen to predict theperiodic term. In the prediction model for the periodic term, input variables based on the effects of rainfall and reservoir water level in landslide displacement were selected using grey relational analysis. Based on the results, the prediction precision of ELM is better than that of LS-SVM for predicting landslide displacement. The method for predicting landslide displacement could be applied by relevant authorities in making landslide emergency plans in the future.     

水库滑坡成因机制研究进展与展望

滑坡是水库库区主要地质灾害类型之一,开展水库滑坡成因机制研究具有重要理论意义和工程应用价值.利用WebofScience(WoS)数据库和VOSviewer文献计量工具对1999-2018年已发表的969篇以水库滑坡为主题的相关论文进行研究趋势分析.文献计量分析表明三峡库区滑坡稳定性和变形研究是未来水库滑坡成因机制研究主要趋势.从库水对滑坡的宏观力学作用方式、库水作用下岩土体渗流应力耦合机理和库水对岩土体劣化作用过程等方面,对国内外水库滑坡成因机制研究的主要成果与进展进行了综述.综合现有的研究成果指出水库滑坡在精细化地质建模、岩土体多场耦合特征参数获取和岸坡长期演化评价等方面尚存在不足.基于上述问题,提出水库滑坡成因机制研究应以多场信息监测为重要手段,立足多学科交叉,采用大数据融合与挖掘和人工智能技术等解决水库滑坡长期演化趋势难题.考虑水库滑坡所处地质环境的复杂性,建议未来应在水库滑坡立体精细地质建模、多场关联监测、地质结构多场多尺度演变过程、基于监测数据大数据分析的滑坡预警阈值确定和原位试验综合平台构建等方面进一步深入研究.     

三峡库区堆积层滑坡间歇性活动预测:以白水河滑坡为例

三峡库区堆积层滑坡在季节性降雨和库水位周期波动的影响下呈现间歇性活动特征,滑坡活动强度与诱发因素作用强度和时间关系密切。以三峡库区白水河滑坡为例,分析了堆积层滑坡间歇性活动特征和诱发因素,发现降雨和库水位下降是滑坡变形的主要诱发因素。根据滑坡时序曲线特征,将滑坡累积位移分解为趋势项位移和周期项位移,采用多项式拟合的方法来预测趋势项位移,利用长短期记忆神经网络模型来预测周期项位移,并与极限学习机模型、广义回归神经网络模型的预测结果进行了对比分析,发现长短期记忆神经网络模型预测滑坡间歇性活动精度更高。     

丹江口水库诱发地震研究

丹江口水库由汉江、丹江两个库段组成。在丹库的峡谷灰岩地带 ,断裂、节理发育 ,利于水的渗透和循环。 196 7年 11月蓄水后 ,随水位的增加 ,地震活动增加 ,且震级由Ms<2 .5上升到Ms =4.7,并在丹库的峡谷附近形成北北西方向延伸的 3个地震密集区。地震频度、强度与水位 (库容 )变化有一定的相关性。预测二期工程蓄水后 ,仍将产生诱发地震 ,其最大强度为Ms≤ 5 .0。     

库岸滑坡地下水位时间序列混沌特征识别与PSO-LSSVM模型预测

地下水位预测对滑坡稳定性分析具有重要意义,三峡库区库岸滑坡地下水位时间序列在季节性强降雨和周期性库水位涨落等诸多因素影响下呈现混沌特征。在对地下水位序列进行相空间重构的基础上,采用饱和关联维数法和最大Lyapunov指数法对其混沌特征进行验证。再用预测性能优秀的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)模型对其进行预测,并用粒子群算法优化选取LSSVM模型的参数,以克服LSSVM模型参数选取困难的缺点。以三峡库区三舟溪滑坡前缘STK-1水文孔日平均地下水位序列为例进行了混沌分析,分别运用粒子群优化的LSSVM模型(PSO-LSSVM)和BP神经网络模型对STK-1水文孔地下水位进行了预测。结果表明库岸滑坡地下水位序列存在混沌特征,PSO-LSSVM模型预测结果的均方根误差为0.193m,拟合优度为0.815,说明预测效果较理想,且PSO-LSSVM模型预测精度高于BP网络模型,具有较强的实用性。      

福建东圳库区淹没及水土流失的3D-VRGIS构建与应用

本文应用VRGIS(Virtual Reality Geographical Information System)技术,建立水库工程水土流失三维可视化动态仿真模型,实现库区的空间信息可视化。以福建省东圳水库为研究对象,建立水土流失区域三维虚拟地理信息系统(3D-VRGIS),生成水土流失现状以及库区生态环境三维场景。并结合水土流失中水淹分析要素与三维空间的数据可视化技术,实现水土流失监测预报及其区域定位监控的可视化处理,为减少水土流失危害,提供可靠的信息资源。     

Tempo-spatial variations of sediment-associated nutrients and contaminants in the Ruxi tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Ruxi River is a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir. This study examined the temporal and spatial dynamics in particle size characteristics and the associated nutrients and contaminants of the fluvial suspended and deposited sediments along the Ruxi River. Temporal variations in the particle size distribution of the suspended sediment are controlled mainly by differences in sediment source during different seasons. Total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorous(TP) in the 62μm fraction of the suspended sediment exhibit considerably higher concentrations in spring,indicating high probability of algal blooms in the backwater areas. Downstream trends in the nutrient contents of 62 μm deposited sediments imply the greatest potential for eutrophication in the backwater ends, where highest nutrient concentrations were detected. Assessment of metal contamination shows that the sediments deposited in the water-level fluctuation zone were moderately to strongly contaminated by Cadmium(Cd), with a considerably high potential ecological risk. The findings reported have emphasized the impacts of reservoir impoundment on aquatic and/or terrestrial environment in this region. More information on physical, chemical and biological processes of sediment and sediment-associated materials are needed for developing environmentally and ecologically sound policies of water and sediment management.     

三峡库区大型-特大型层状岩质滑坡成因模式及地质特征分析

三峡库区大型-特大型滑坡发育，尤以层状岩质滑坡的危害性大。因库区各段地质条件差异使得滑坡成因模式各不相同，这影响了滑坡的运动形式和岩土体解体程度。在收集三峡库区51处典型的大型-特大型层状岩质滑坡调查资料基础上，根据堆积岩体结构和区段地质条件反推该段滑坡破坏成因模式，而不同成因模式下的滑坡坡体渗透性不同，分析已有滑坡对库水位变动存在的复活响应差异，据此得出以下结论:①在成因模式上，除顺层滑移型滑坡在库区中均有分布外，从库首至库尾随着岩层倾角的逐渐减缓，滑坡成因模式从崩塌型、反倾弯曲型逐渐过渡到平推式；②在坡体渗透性上，成因模式造成的岩体结构变化与坡体中的泥质含量共同作用，导致顺层滑移型滑坡前后缘渗透性存在较大差异；反倾型滑坡渗透性则整体变化较小；③在库水位变动影响下，不同坡体渗透性与滑面形态共同决定了滑坡的复活变形差异。      

济南市平阴氡地热水中氟的来源及赋存机理浅析

通过对3处不同热储类型的地热水水质分析结果的对比分析,试从热储岩性、矿化度、pH值、温度及地下水水化学类型等方面分析各因素对水中F~-溶解的影响机理,认为:热储岩性对地热水水质起决定作用,高热储温度、碱性环境是水中氟离子富集的有利条件;水中Ca~(2+)可与F~-产生不溶于水的沉淀,对水中氟离子的富集起限制作用;水中F~-与H_2SiO_3,Sr的含量一般存在共生关系。水中氟的活性和含量不能看作只与某种盐类或阴、阳离子发生单相关的孤立作用的结果,而要重视在水中各种盐类并存的混合体系中可能出现的元素或物质间的拮抗、协同及交互作用。     

靖安油田盘古梁长6油藏地质建模研究

建立能正确反映靖安油田盘古梁长6油藏地质特征的地质模型,通过对地层格架、沉积微相、骨架砂体、物性参数和储层非均质性的分析研究,借助GMSS地质建模软件,建立了确定型精细三维地质模型。所建立的构造、砂体、属性参数模型对该油藏的地质特征有了进一步认识,为油藏的高效开发提供了依据。     

Causes and controlling pattern of sand hazards at the Danghe Reservoir of Dunhuang in Northwest China

Sand hazards are serious at the Danghe Reservoir of Dunhuang,and efforts to control sand are ineffective because disaster-causing mechanisms are currently unclear.The source of sandy materials,dynamic environment of blown sand,and controlling measures of the reservoir area are investigated using different methods,such as granularity analyses,wind regime and sand transport field observation and analyses,sand drift potential calculation.Accordingly,the sandy materials are found to derive chiefly from the Mingsha Mountain on the north side of the reservoir area.In addition,sand grain in the range of 0.50-0.25 mm and 0.25-0.10 mm are dominant.The prevailing sand-moving wind originates from the N direction,accounting for 15.38% of the yearly total,which coincides in the same direction with sand source,thereby increasing the severity of sand hazards in the reservoir area.The yearly sand DP is 1386.59 VU,the yearly RDP is 567.31 VU,the yearly RDP/DP is 0.41,and the yearly RDD is 183.15°.In the windy season(mainly in summer),sand materials are blown by wind from north to south,and then blocked by the Danghe River.The sand materials then move with an approximate east-west trend into the river channel and produce sediment,thereby causing adisaster.We propose that the sand-controlling pattern of the Danghe Reservoir is dominated by sand blocking in the outer fringe and sand fixing in the inner fringe.Applying windbreak and sand fixation to control sandy material movement into the river channel plays an important role in retarding sedimentation and extending the useful life of the Danghe Reservoir.     

鹊山水库输水穿黄工程中沉井和顶管技术的应用

鹊山水库输水穿黄工程系济南市引黄供水鹊山水库工程的重要组成部分.本文介绍了沉井、顶管施工工艺在输水穿黄工程中的应用;分析了输水穿黄工程存在的主要工程地质问题及施工中采用的主要技术措施.     

洪浩尔舒特凹陷油气藏形成条件与勘探实践

洪浩尔舒特是近年来二连新区勘探高速度、快节奏取得重要突破的一个凹陷。研究表明 ,该凹陷具有阿尔善组、腾一段两套有效烃源岩 ,阿尔善组、腾一段是主要储油层系 ,腾二段是重要含油层系 ,斜坡带上的鼻状构造、洼中的反转背斜、陡带断鼻是油气聚集的主要场所。储油岩主要为扇三角洲、水下扇沉积的岩屑砂岩、含砾砂岩 ,富含火山碎屑成分 ,凝灰质、高岭石粘土含量高 ,储层物性差 ,油层易受污染 ,油层保护是获得油气勘探突破的重要保障 ,压裂改造是获得较高产量的重要手段     

庄里水库建设对地下水水位的影响

庄里水库位于羊庄盆地水文地质单元内,水库建设将使地下水补径排条件和流场发生改变,根据羊庄盆地水文地质条件、地下水开发利用状况,采用Visual Madflow4.1软件,建立地下水水流模型,模拟庄里水库建成后对地下水水位和流场的影响,提出地下水水源保护措施。