西南三江地区洋板块地层特征及构造演化

以大地构造研究为主导,初步梳理了三江地区洋板块地层系统的分布及其构造演化规律。本文阐述了三江地区经历原-古特提斯大洋连续演化、分阶段拼贴增生至最终俯冲消亡的地质演化历程。甘孜-理塘弧后洋盆于早石炭世打开,二叠纪—中三叠世进入顶峰扩张期,晚三叠世洋盆萎缩引起向西俯冲,最终在晚三叠世末局部地区保留残留海。哀牢山弧后洋盆不晚于早石炭世形成,早石炭世—早二叠世整体扩张发育,早二叠世末或晚二叠世初开始向西俯冲,晚三叠世最终完全关闭。金沙江洋盆早石炭世时已扩张成洋,到早二叠世晚期开始俯冲,石炭纪—早二叠世早期是金沙江洋盆扩张的主体时期,早二叠世晚期至早、中三叠世俯冲消亡。澜沧江弧后洋盆中晚泥盆世开始扩张,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育为成熟洋盆,早二叠世晚期洋内俯冲形成洋内弧,晚二叠世—早、中三叠世双向俯冲消亡。昌宁-孟连洋为特提斯洋主带,具有原-古特提斯洋连续演化的地质记录,晚奥陶世开始向东俯冲消减,二叠纪末、早三叠世发生弧-陆碰撞作用,昌宁-孟连洋盆闭合。     

右江三叠纪弧后盆地沉积特征及盆地演化

早二叠世后由干软防海槽褶皱成山及金沙江—哀牢山俯冲消减带的形成，使右江地区东部软防褶皱带前缘形成前陆盆地，广大西部滇黔桂地区形成弧后边缘海盆地．弧后盆地经历晚二叠世—早三叠世扩张裂陷，有较强火山活动，以基性熔岩流及安山质火山碎悄流沉积，具有初始洋壳化性质；中三叠世强烈蚴陷，以陆源碎屑浊流沉积为主，中三叠世末广大地区回返褶皱成山，盆地向西推移，晚三叠世形成狭窄的北东向萎缩坳陷盆地，卡尼期末充填隆起，盆地关闭。右江弧后盆地的关闭经历了突变式回返褶皱和渐变隆起上升两种不同的构造作用．     

金沙江弧—盆系时空结构及地史演化

金沙江结合带是一条古特提斯弧后洋盆消亡的俯冲消减杂岩带。弧后洋盆形成于早石碳世－早二叠世。晚泥盆世晚期已具有雏型,早二叠世是洋盆扩张的鼎盛时期,早二叠世 晚期向西俯冲,在金沙江结合带中形成３条消减杂岩带。金沙江弧－盆系于志留纪末在早古生代变质“软基底”的基础上开始生成、发展和演化,经历了泥盆纪弧后裂谷盆地阶段（Ｄ）、早石炭世－早二叠世的弧后洋盆阶段（Ｃ１－Ｐ１）、早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世的洋壳俯冲消     

内蒙东部晚古生代构造格局:来自中、晚二叠-早三叠世砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

内蒙东部的克旗-林西-阿鲁科尔沁-扎鲁特-索伦-蘑菇气地区位于华北板块与西伯利亚板块所夹持的中亚造山带东段,西拉木伦缝合带与贺根山-黑河缝合带之间,是古亚洲洋晚古生代残余海盆最后消失的地区,保存了上述两缝合带构造演化过程的相关信息。本文针对中、晚二叠-早三叠世砂岩开展碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。测试的上二叠统林西组与下三叠统陶海营子组、老龙头组砂岩均具有成分成熟度低,近源快速沉积的特点,碎屑骨架成分显示多为火山岩区物源供给。锆石CL图和Th/U值也指示了绝大多数锆石为岩浆成因锆石。结合前人研究成果,区域内已获得的2533粒碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分为3组:约230~570Ma(峰值年龄为270~315Ma、430Ma和500Ma)、700~1100Ma(峰值970Ma)及1500Ma(峰值1800Ma和2500Ma)。较古老的峰值年龄1800Ma和2500Ma,暗示了华北克拉通基底的物源信息。其余两组年龄则与西拉木伦缝合带北侧的额尔古纳-兴安-锡林浩特地块内部岩浆事件的时间相吻合。对比分析内蒙东部不同区域(克旗-林西地区、阿鲁科尔沁-扎鲁特地区和索伦-蘑菇气地区)、不同时代(中、晚二叠世-早三叠世)沉积物碎屑组分变化趋势,推测古亚洲洋最终沿西拉木伦缝合带自西向东呈"剪刀"式闭合,时间持续至早三叠世。此外,索伦-蘑菇气地区中、晚二叠-早三叠世相对稳定的物源供给,证实了额尔古纳-兴安地块与松辽-锡林浩特地块至少在中二叠世沉积以前就已经沿贺根山-黑河缝合带完成拼贴,应为前人提出的早石炭世末。     

兰坪中新生代沉积盆地演化

兰坪中新生代沉积盆地形成和演化与金沙江洋的俯消减及洋陆转换过程密切相关,记录了其盆－山转换过程,早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世时期,由于金沙江洋的俯冲消减,形成了金沙江弧－盆系的空间配置,兰坪地区成为弧后盆地,早中三叠世,金沙江弧－盆系及东西两侧的昌都－兰坪陆块和中咱－中甸陆块的构造沉积式样发生大的转米,开始了兰坪中新生代盆－山转换历史,由于弧陆碰撞作用,使得兰坪分国地由弧后盆地转化成弧后前陆舅地,盆地中     

柴达木震旦纪—三叠纪盆地演化研究

柴达木盆地震旦纪-三叠纪构造演化经历了2 个一级构造旋回,即震旦纪-中泥盆世开合旋回和晚泥盆世-三叠纪开合旋回,它们与祁连洋、赛什腾-锡铁山洋、昆仑洋和阿尔金洋在不同阶段伸展张裂、俯冲消减和闭合作用有关,其分划性时间界面分别为800Ma、377 Ma 和208 Ma,时间跨度分别为423 Ma 和169 Ma.第一个旋回自震旦纪开始张裂,柴达木形成大陆裂谷盆地;寒武纪-中奥陶世伸展为被动大陆边缘,柴达木表现为克拉通内(伸展)盆地;晚奥陶世开始俯冲消减,泥盆纪晚期碰撞闭合,柴达木形成克拉通内(挤压)盆地。第二个旋回表现为海西-印支期与南昆仑洋有关的弧后拉张-弧后造山事件,柴达木在晚泥盆世-早二叠世形成弧后裂陷盆地,晚二叠世-三叠纪形成弧后前陆盆地。在两个开合旋回的末期,均发生大规模盆地反转作用,导致柴达木及邻区构造格局、海陆分布和沉积特征发生根本变化。     

南天山古生代-中生代沉积盆地演化

南天山位于塔里木—卡拉库姆板块和伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块的碰撞造山带.前人研究表明, 该区在古生代经历了洋盆的扩张、俯冲消减和碰撞造山; 中生代则进入到陆内发展阶段.但由于该区特殊的地理位置和复杂的构造背景, 洋盆的闭合时间及盆地演化的阶段依然存在诸多争论.在广泛收集地质资料的基础上, 对我国境内南天山地层大区进行了地层分区, 并对每个分区的古生代-中生代盆地沉积序列进行了详细分析, 最终划分出5个演化阶段: 寒武纪-奥陶纪, 南天山洋从有限洋盆发展为成熟洋盆, 洋盆性质为弧后盆地; 早志留世, 南天山洋盆开始俯冲消减, 东部红柳河段洋盆在早泥盆世闭合, 而西部的俯冲消减则延续至泥盆纪晚期; 石炭纪-早二叠世, 西部仍存在残余海盆.中二叠世, 残余海盆消失, 南天山西部碰撞造山, 南天山造山带最终形成; 中生代, 该区进入陆内发展阶段, 在三叠纪接受剥蚀夷平; 侏罗纪, 西部发展成为断陷盆地, 东部继续接受剥蚀夷平; 白垩纪, 西部延续侏罗纪断陷盆地特征, 东部则发育成拉分盆地. 关键字: 南天山; 古生代; 中生代; 沉积; 构造; 盆地演化.      

卡拉库姆盆地晚二叠世-三叠纪的构造属性讨论

卡拉库姆盆地位于中亚地区图兰地台南部,北西走向,是中亚地区最重要的含油气盆地之一。对于盆地晚二叠世-三叠纪的构造属性一直都存在着很多争论,我们根据钻井、地球物理及露头资料,认为卡拉库姆盆地是以增生杂岩为基底形成的一个沉积盆地,晚二叠世-三叠纪具有弧后裂谷的性质。卡拉库姆盆地前侏罗纪的构造演化分为4个阶段:1)石炭纪之前古特提斯洋壳开始俯冲增生; 2)石炭纪-早二叠世形成丝路弧; 3)晚二叠世-三叠纪马什哈德-北帕米尔弧形成,卡拉库姆盆地处于弧后拉张的位置; 4)晚三叠世末伊朗等地块与欧亚大陆碰撞,卡拉库姆盆地进入短暂的周缘前陆盆地阶段。其晚二叠世-三叠纪的沉积中心在北阿姆河坳陷,木尔加布坳陷和科佩特山前坳陷,沉积环境主要为陆相,三叠纪发生海侵,部分地区接受海相沉积。岩石类型主要为陆源碎屑岩、火山岩及少量灰岩。     

滇西南澜沧江带龙洞河组沉积特征及其构造古地理意义

龙洞河组位于滇西南澜沧江带东区，为一套以中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、火山凝灰岩为主夹硅质岩、灰岩和岩屑砂砾岩的建造组合，代表了弧后裂陷盆地的半深水斜坡－较深水局限海盆－浅水沉积环境。其物源主要来自其西侧的大凹子火山岛弧。其地层序列反映了弧后裂陷盆地从形成到消亡的过程。龙洞河组沉积特征与其构造古地理表明，澜沧江带在思茅地块西缘在晚石炭世一早二叠世已属滇西南古特提斯洋东侧的活动大陆边缘，标志着滇西南方特提斯洋壳最半的自西向东的俯冲作用     

内蒙东部晚第四纪火山活动与新构造

本文所指的晚第四纪包括晚更新世和全新世。内蒙东部晚第四纪火山活动强烈,北起大兴安岭北部的鄂伦春诺敏河火山群、经阿尔山-柴河、锡林浩特-阿巴嘎火山群,南抵察右后旗乌兰哈达火山群,断续延伸约1000km,分布着约390余座大小不一、形态各异的火山,构成了内蒙东部壮观的北北东向第四纪火山喷发带。火山类型包括玛珥式、夏威夷式、斯通博利式、亚布里尼式和冰岛式,以斯通博利式最为发育。爆破式火山作用包括射汽、射汽-岩浆爆发和岩浆爆发。火山岩类型主要为碱性玄武岩及其火山碎屑物(岩),火山岩具初期裂谷构造属性。火山活动主体受北北东向基底断裂控制,但就具体火山群而言,又多处于北东和北西向基底深断裂交会处。区内新构造与火山活动密切相关,深部岩浆的上侵,可能是控制本区新构造活动的主因。尤其是全新世火山的空间展布,显示了内蒙东部新构造的活动性。     

一条值得重视的跨国境成矿带--南戈壁-东乌旗铜多金属成矿带

南戈壁—东乌旗铜多金属成矿带位于中蒙边境东段 ,呈北东东—北东向展布 ,处于古亚洲成矿域北部、古生代蒙古弧形构造带的东段。成矿带内主要出露古生界海相、浅海相碎屑岩、中基性火山岩夹碳酸盐岩建造及晚古生代中酸性 -酸性岩体。在成矿带西段蒙古南戈壁 ,已发现形成于晚古生代的察干苏布尔加和欧玉陶勒盖大型斑岩型铜金钼矿床。通过分析对比认为 ,该成矿带东段中国二连—东乌旗与西段蒙古南戈壁区域成矿地质背景相近 ,铜多金属具有成矿远景。近年 1∶2 0万区域化探普查和异常查证成果进一步表明二连—东乌旗地区含铜多金属矿具有找矿潜力。     

多岛海型造山作用——以华南印支期造山带为例

大陆造山带大多数形成于弧弧碰撞及其弧后盆地衰缩作用,其古地理格局为多岛海。今日的东南亚是多岛海大地构造的现实模型,其中欧亚大陆和澳大利亚的板块边界位于印度尼西亚的班达—巽它弧以南和西太平洋马里亚纳弧以东。介于前缘弧和欧亚大陆之间的是众多的残余弧和弧后盆地。其中有些盆地仍然是海底扩张的中心,一些是不再活动的海盆,也有些海盆正在遭受挤压作用,而一些海盆则已经完全被弧后衰缩作用所消减。位于这些盆地之间的是残余弧,沉降的残余弧顶部的沉积层序类似于被动陆缘。华南大地构造可用多岛海模式予以解释。华南造山带的大地构造相分析、沉积相分析和古地磁等综合研究结果表明,它们大多数是弧弧碰撞作用所形成的碰撞型造山带,二叠—三叠纪的古地理存在着与东南亚今天类似的多岛海格局。临沧弧和华夏弧可能为华南多岛海的前缘弧,起着与今天欧亚大陆的印度尼西亚弧相类似的作用。多岛海古地理格局可能出现于泥盆纪以后,华南板块发生裂解,所形成的弧后盆地大多数于晚三叠世到早侏罗世发生衰缩。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗卓仑音诺尔地区中二叠统哲斯组沉积环境、形成时代及意义

内蒙古苏尼特左旗卓仑音诺尔地区哲斯组可以分为下部的粉砂岩、页岩段和上部的砾岩-砂岩段,分别代表扇中亚相的漫流沉积和扇根亚相的近源快速沉积,反映研究区二叠纪以陆相盆地干旱型冲积扇为特征的岩相古地理面貌。碎屑岩年代学研究揭示,哲斯组的物源为兴安-艾力格庙地块、早古生代的岛弧岩浆岩带及晚石炭世和早二叠世的岩浆岩体,表明盆地具有复杂源区。测年样品中最年轻一组锆石年龄的峰值为281Ma,侵入该组的石英闪长玢岩年龄为248±3Ma,限定陆相盆地的形成时代为中二叠世—三叠纪初。区域地质分析表明,中—晚二叠世兴蒙造山带中西部的不同地区均发育陆源碎屑沉积盆地,但层序特征各不相同,可能属于互不连通的小型盆地,代表二叠纪的盆岭构造,揭示兴蒙造山带在二叠纪整体处于陆内伸展的构造环境。     

陆内软碰撞带的鉴别及伸展裂谷海盆地的聚合封闭过程

通过成因地层对比、构造形态和盆地演化过程分析,在黔中南至桂西鉴别出一条NNE向延续的陆内软碰撞带。它是在伸展裂谷海盆地(再生陆间海)聚合封闭过程中,由活动大陆边缘向被动大陆边缘缓慢仰冲而形成的。与其同期形成的还有晚三叠世黔西滇东前陆盆地,萍乐残留弧后盆地和十万大山及龙岩后陆盆地。软碰撞带的出现,不仅掩盖了晚二叠世至中三叠世陆间海的深海沉积和洋壳基底,而且造成碰撞带两侧的地层、构造和古地理环境的不连续,同时对盆地矿产的分布和再富集也有直接影响。     

Geology and Tectonics of the Songpan-Ganzi Fold Belt,Southwestern China

In the Late Paleozoic, the Sino-Korean (North China) and Yangtze-Cathaysian (South China) cratons collided. The Carboniferous and Permian foreland basin to the north of the Tongbo-Dabie Mountains, and elongate intermontane basins in East Qinling, were filled by marine to terrestrial sediments, in which the fauna and flora communicated from North China, South China, and West China. In Triassic time, the Dabie-Sulu Mountains became a Himalaya-type mountain range as a result of continent-continent collision and doubling of the crust. Marked exhumation of this mountain range shed huge amounts of detritus to the west. First filled were the remnant ocean basins in Qinling. As the remnant basins filled, submarine fan deposition shifted to the west to gradually fill the Songpan-Ganzi area. Songpan-Ganzi is surrounded by continents with pre-Sinian basement. The Sinian and Paleozoic strata and their fauna and flora are of Yangtzean affinity.

Beginning in the Permian, a midocean-ridge triple junction was developed in Songpan-Ganzi, and the new oceanic crust provided more space for submarine fans. Later, a Triassic subduction zone was developed along the western margin of Songpan-Ganzi, and the rising island arc provided a smaller amount of detritus to its backarc basin in the east, which became part of Songpan-Ganzi. During the Early and Middle Triassic, the Dabie-Sulu high mountain ranges blocked the monsoon from blowing to the north, and, therefore, typical redbeds were deposited in North China for at least 15 million years, whereas the deposits of the same age in South China are still shallow-marine and littoral facies with coal measures. In the Late Triassic and Jurassic, the Dabie-Sulu mountain range was leveled to low hilly country. The monsoon blew to the north very easily, and coal measures were deposited all over North China. In Songpan-Ganzi, the Triassic submarine fan deposits were folded and metamorphosed during latest Triassic time, and the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt was formed. The Cenozoic Himalaya and its relationship with submarine fans in the Indian Ocean is similar to the Triassic Dabie-Sulu mountain range and its relationship with the Songpan-Ganzi submarine fans. Huge submarine fans and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism are consequences of continent-continent collision, but the involved continents should have considerable sizes.     

Palaeomagnetic and structural constraints on 90° anticlockwise rotation in SW Mongolia during the Permo–Triassic: Implications for Altaid oroclinal bending. Preliminary palaeomagnetic results

New and published paleomagnetic measurements from Trans Altai and South Gobi zones in south Mongolia document large tectonic motions in between Late Carboniferous and Triassic. Magnetic inclinations confirm equatorial position of south Mongolian terranes in Late Carboniferous–Permian times. The evolution of magnetic declinations indicates 90° anticlockwise rotation in between latest Carboniferous and Early Triassic of all studied tectonic units around the Eulerian pole located close to axis of Mongolian orocline. The anticlockwise rotation continues in Triassic being accompanied by a major drift to the north. The structural and published geochronological data suggest Carboniferous E–W shortening of the whole region resulting in N–S trend of all continental and oceanic geological units followed by orthogonal N–S shortening during Late Permian to Early Jurassic. Both paleomagnetic and geological data converge in a tectonic model of oroclinal bending of Mongolian ribbon continent, westerly back arc oceanic domain and Mongol–Okhotsk subduction zone to the east. The oroclinal bending model is consistent with the coincidence of the Eulerian pole of rotation with the structural axis of Mongolian orocline. In addition, the Mesozoic collisional tectonics is reflected by late remagnetizations due to formation of wide deformation fronts and hydrothermal activity.     

TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE EOCENE DROSH-VOLCANO-SEDIMENTARY BASIN IN NW-KOHISTAN ISLAND ARC TERRANE, HINDUKUSH, N. PAKISTAN

In NW Himalayas, the suture zone between the collided Indian and the Karakoram plates is occupied by crust of the Cretaceous Kohistan Island\|Arc Terrane [1] . Late Cretaceous (about 90Ma) accretion with the southern margin of the Karakoram Plate at the site of the Shyok Suture Zone turned Kohistan to become an Andean\|type margin. The Neotethys was completely subducted at the southern margin of Kohistan by Early Tertiary, leading to collision between Kohistan and continental crust of the Indian plate at the site of the Main mantle thrust.More than 80% of the Kohistan terrane comprises plutonic rocks of (1) ultramafic to gabbroic composition forming the basal crust of the intra\|oceanic stage of the island arc, and (2) tonalite\|granodiorite\|granite composition belong to the Kohistan Batholith occupying much of the intermediate to shallow crust of the terrane mostly intruded in the Andean\|type margin stage [2] . Both these stages of subduction\|related magmatism were associated with volcanic and sedimentary rocks formed in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary basins. This study addresses tectonic configuration of Early Tertiary Drosh basin exposed in NW parts of the Kohistan terrane, immediately to the south of the Shyok Suture Zone.     

盆-山耦合关系与成烃作用——以准噶尔西北地区为例

通过大量地质、地球物理和地球化学资料论证，笔者认为准噶尔盆地西北前陆坳陷与西准噶尔造山带之间在成因上具有耦合关系，即准噶尔盆地西北前陆拗陷的形成、演化与西准噶尔造山带的上隆、推覆之间存在内在成因联系。准噶尔西北地区的基底为早中古生代洋壳物质，准噶尔盆地西北地区的中泥盆世为残余洋盆，晚泥盆世一晚石炭世为弧前残余洋盆，二叠纪为前陆盆地。根据准噶尔盆地西北地区的前陆坳陷与西准噶尔造山带在盆—山转换过程中地质流体的地球化学特征，认为现克拉玛依油区油气的形成演化与盆—山转换过程中各种地质作用，特别是地质流体的作用具有成因相关性。     

昆仑--秦岭造山系的几个问题

昆仑-秦岭带加里东旋回的洋盆不是从元古代继承下来的．而是由寒武纪裂谷发展而来的，它在志留纪即宣告封闭；昆仑石炭纪一二叠纪海底裂谷带或可能的小洋盆，在晚二叠世前已经消失，三纪时昆仑-秦岭带只有海，而没有洋。因此，印支造山运动并不是洋盆消失后的陆-陆碰撞造山，而是陆-陆叠复造山(大陆壳消减造山)作用。