天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组混层粘土矿物

为了解天津蓟县长城系串岭沟组地层中混层粘土矿物的组成和结构特征, 利用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD) 和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM) 对其进行了深入研究.通过对比该区粘土矿物的自然干燥片、Ca离子饱和片、Ca饱和的乙二醇膨胀片、加热到375℃和550℃的乙二醇膨胀片获取的XRD衍射峰, 确定该区混层粘土矿物为伊利石/蒙脱石(I/S) 不规则混层矿物和绿泥石/蒙脱石(Chl/S) 不规则混层矿物.从高分辨透射电镜观察到I/S规则及不规则混层的晶格条纹像以及Chl/S不规则混层的晶格条纹像, 揭示了该区I/S混层和Chl/S混层的层间堆跺结构特征.该研究为蓟县中元古界典型剖面提供了重要的混层粘土矿物的结构信息.      

混层粘土矿物单元组分含量的定量测定

本文对目前混层粘土矿物单元层比例的测定方法作了小结,主要是粉末X射线衍射和化学成分计算方法两大类。由粉末X射线衍射数据查文中所列图表便可方便地测定混层的组成,用扫描电镜配合能谱仪测定混层的化学成分,再按文中所列方程,很容易计算出混层的单元层比例。     

我国发现的伊利石-蒙皂石规则混层(ISⅡ型)的研究

本文对湖南桑植地区三叠系/二叠系界线粘土进行了X射线粉末衍射、差热,红外等分析。结果表明:这些粘土主要为伊利石-蒙皂石规则混层,属ISII型。据X射线粉末衍射测定了混层的组成、有序化程度和内部结构。文中还讨论了伊利石-蒙皂石的差热分析和红外吸收光谱结果。     

从煤的变质程度看夹矸转化

通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征,探讨了其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。通过样品的显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等一系列测试结果的分析研究,发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石因受不同因素的影响而发生不同的转化,即:高岭石向伊利石转化,伊利石-蒙脱石(I/M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。其主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质影响所致。     

云南腾冲地热区I/M混层矿物的研究

云南腾冲地热区水热活动强烈,各种岩石明显蚀变,形成了硅化带、明矾石化带、高岭土化带、泥化带和规则混层带。I/M不规则混层主要产于高岭土化带和泥化带。I/M规则混层矿物出现在规则混层带,空间分布上与热泉出露区的方向一致,主要是高温地热蒸气与围岩发生交代作用的产物。I/M混层矿物是蚀变过程中由蒙脱石向高岭石转化的中间产物。     

蒙脱石+伊/蒙混层+伊利石等粘土矿物混合物相X射线定量分析方法—模拟定量法

本文提出粘土矿物(特别是含伊/蒙不规则混层粘土矿物)混合物相的X射线定量分析方法——模拟定量法。着重解决在蒙脱石-不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物-伊利石组合中,伊/蒙混层粘土矿物的定量分析计算。模拟定量法是对以前的各种粘土矿物X射线定量分析方法的补充。用纯净的蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石及各种伊/蒙混层比的伊/蒙混层粘土矿物,配制了各种不同组合的粘土矿物混合样品,制成定向薄膜片,进行了X射线分析,讨论了各种组合的粘土矿物混合物相X射线衍射图谱的特征,并在此基础上提出了粘土混合物相定量分析的方法。     

云南小湾断层泥矿物特征及其构造意义

通过显微镜观察、X射线衍射、红外光谱和化学分析等方法研究云南小湾断层泥中伊利石矿物特征,结果显示:(1)断层泥中的伊利石发育定向排列,其集合体呈扭折褶皱变形,有时呈流状构造充填在碎屑之间;(2)伊利石的X射线衍射特征为△[(002)-(001)]>8°,Ir>1,BB₁<4°,属ISII有序混层,膨胀层约占15%,晶胞参数b₀=8.993Å,1M多型结构;(3)层间阳离子2Ca+Na+K≈1,MgO含量变化1.05%-2.89%,结晶水(H₂O⁺)含量变化4.43%-5.23%。综合上述特征认为,断层泥伊利石不同于其它成因的伊利石,它是断层活动的直接产物,因此,根据它的特征可以推测断层活动机制。     

晋城矿区无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的变化特征及成因探讨

通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征，探讨其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。对晋城矿区实地观测，并采集一定量的标本，通过显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等研究，发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石主要向伊利石转化，并有伊利石-蒙脱石(I／M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。煤的变质程度升高、夹矸矿物转化的主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质条件的影响。     

一种不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物堆垛序列的研究——兼论具二维晶格一维准晶格的矿物的存在

研究不规则混层粘土矿物的结构主要包括两个方面:一是混层粘土矿物的基本结构单元层的种类及比例;二是构造单元层的连结概率。不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物(以下简称I/S)在自然界分布极为广泛。在研究二叠/三叠系(以下简称P/T)界线层粘土矿物时,发现从我国西北到东南很多地区,该界线粘土层中均发育有I/S。利用X射线、红外光谱、电子显微镜和化学分析方法对湖南、湖北、四川和浙江等地的这种I/S,进行了系统的矿物学研究,并对其构造单元层的堆垛序列进行了深入探索(做了MacEwan一维直接傅里叶变换),还发现在c轴方向上,伊利石晶层和蒙脱石晶层的堆垛,可用Fibooacci序列进行推导,由此作者提出了这种I/S具有二维晶格一维准晶格的设想。     

混层伊利石-蒙脱石的鉴定及其成岩意义

引言混层伊利石-蒙脱石广泛分布于泥岩和砂岩填隙物中,不同的混层类型(指规则或不规则混层)和混层比例是判断成岩强度、尤其是成岩温度的极其重要的手段,这在沉积学及石油地质中至关重要。然而,在一些文献中,混层伊利石-蒙脱石并未得到正确解释,尤其是没有将一些不规则混层类型识别出来,而将其解释成了蒙脱石。这无疑会造成对一些成岩过程的错误推断。为此,本文力图简要论述在X射线衍射图上,混层伊利石-蒙脱石的识别方法,同时简述其在成岩作用研究中的意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861