地下水水质实时预报系统开发及应用——以下辽河平原为例

地下水数值模拟需要大量的监测数据作为支撑,数据的录入耗时耗力,存在出错的可能,且不能第一时间进行实时快速预报。采用VB语言编程技术,以识别和验证后的下辽河平原地下水流数值模型和地下水溶质运移数值模型为基础,重新编译后的MF2K和MT3DMS为内核计算程序,Microsoft SQL Server 2000为数据库,开发了模型与地下水实时监测系统的接口,集成建立了下辽河平原地下水水质实时预报模型,并开发了操作界面下的操作系统,实现了下辽河平原地下水水质的实时预报功能。该系统将地下水实时监控技术与地下水数值模拟技术结合,操作简便、时效性强、出错概率小,能够实时获取地下水水位、水质监测数据,对地下水流场和地下水溶质浓度场的演化进行快速预报。同时,本系统预留了更新接口,可根据逐步积累的地下水监测数据和系统计算数据进行进一步验证,不断提高系统预报的精度。     

某规划区地下水环境影响评价研究

为预测某规划区地下水环境影响,本次研究运用FEFLOW地下水数值模拟软件,在分析研究区水文地质、地下水渗流场等的基础上建立了溶质运移数值模型。模拟结果显示,模型能够真实反映研究区实际水文地质条件,预测两种工况下的氨氮、氰化物和COD进行溶质运移变化规律,可以作为地下水环境影响评价的依据。同时,污水处理厂在事故工况下对地下水环境影响较大,规划区应制定相应的地下水风险应急预案并采取严格的防渗措施,减小对地下水的影响。     

深部CO2泄漏对浅层地下水水质影响研究进展

由于盖层中存在的未知断层、裂隙或被废弃井穿透等原因,深部储存的CO₂可能会发生渗漏,并向上迁移进入浅部含水层,改变地下水中酸度和溶解组分的浓度分布。国外开展CO₂泄漏对浅层地下水水质影响相关研究尚处于起步阶段,且室内实验、野外试验和数值模拟等研究结果表明,CO₂泄漏对浅层地下水中pH和微量重金属组分浓度影响显著,虽浓度大多未超饮用水标准,但由于含水介质之间矿物组成的差异较大,有必要针对具体场地的地下水水质和矿物组分特征进行调查,研究CO₂侵入对地下水水质的影响,在总结已经达成共识和存在的问题基础上提出下一步研究趋势。     

基于Visual MODFLOW的某药厂地下水污染模拟研究

以某药厂作为研究区,应用Visual MODFLOW建立了地下水水流模型和溶质运移模型,模拟了污水池底部防渗破损非正常工况下4种特征污染物运移情况,数值模拟预测污染物的影响范围、超标范围和最大运移距离。由预测结果可知:污染物主要沿水流方向运移,对水环境的影响随时间逐渐增大;在重力的作用下从地表逐步渗入深层,造成局部的地下水环境污染,在计算时间段内,二氯甲烷、CODMn、氨氮和酚的渗漏会对厂区地下水水质造成一定的影响,导致局部地区地下水中的污染物超标,但是20 a的污染物均未扩散至厂界范围以外。     

南水北调水回灌对地下水环境的影响研究

为研究南水北调水回灌对地下水环境的影响,探讨区域地下水污染修复技术,建立区域尺度的地下水溶质运移模型,运用地下水数值模拟模型,预测和分析了在永定河河道仅使用南水北调水和南水北调水与本地水混合补给地下水两种模式下,研究区内地下水中硝酸盐氮20年内的变化趋势。结果显示,通过永定河河道回补地下水对研究区地下水起到极大的改善作用,其中部分地区硝酸盐氮浓度降低71.2%;使用南水北调水回补20年后,研究区北部的改善效果是南部的12.3~14.2倍,表明水文地质条件是区域性地下水污染修复的关键因素之一。     

河南沁阳市地下水水质的数值模拟

本文在水文地质概念模型的基础上，建立了河南沁阳市地下水水质模型，用有限单元数值法进行了地下水水质模拟和预测，全部计算在计算机上实现，拟合度高，仿真性好。     

城市污水处理厂地下水环境影响评价技术方法

本次以池南区污水处理厂为研究对象,通过分析其水文地质条件,结合建立的水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值模型,运用MODFLOW对池南区污水处理厂地下水水流及水质的影响进行模拟预测,从而针对可能产生的不利影响提出保护措施。     

考虑地表-地下水相互作用的地下水流动研究

地下水是水文系统的重要组成部分,对保护和开发日益枯竭的水资源具有重要的战略意义。地下水作为一种自然资源,对供水和水质起着至关重要的作用。地下水模拟是水资源可持续管理的重要组成部分。因此,地下水的物理机制应该通过建立详细的水文和污染物运移模型来确定。此外,为了建立准确的地下水模型,应考虑地表-地下水相互作用。虽然许多研究将地下水作为一个单一系统,研究地下水水力学和水文学,但通过在不同情况下进行敏感性分析来研究地表水-地下水相互作用和地下水行为的研究很少。因此,本文将地表水和地下水视为一个独立的系统,并进行相应的模拟。本研究利用三维有限差分法地下水流动与污染物运移模拟模型,建立了一个概化的河流-含水层模型。研究了地表水与地下水相互作用对水文特性的影响。利用概化河流-含水层系统的水文模型,在不同的水流边界条件和水流路径下进行分析,得到地下水位波动和河流与含水层之间的流量。     

城市垃圾及排污沟渠对拟建水源地地下水水质的影响研究

在对地下水水源地附近的垃圾场及排污沟渠进行预测分析的基础上,通过建立地下水水质模拟模型分析污染源对地下水水质的影响,得出影响结论。     

淮南市区浅层地下水水质污染预测模型探讨

浅层地下水极易受到污染，用水动力弥散理论模拟浅层地下水中可溶物质弥散运移时，其浓度在时间和空间上的变化规律，建立研究区内浅层地下水水质变化模型，定量预测地下水中污染物质的发展趋势。     

数值模拟法在地下水水源地保护区划分中的应用

地下水资源是北京供水系统的支柱,设立地下水水源地保护区,是保护水源地最大可能免受人类活动影响、保证水质安全的重要措施。论文以北京市某典型水源地为例,在收集相关水文地质勘查、长期动态观测、水源地开采现状、规划及周边污染源调查等成果资料的基础上,建立了地下水系统水文地质概念模型,模拟出地下水流场。通过质点追踪技术,计算水源地水力捕获带范围。综合考虑水源地周边地形、地物和潜在风险污染源等因素,确定了水源地保护区的范围。结果表明,数值模拟法能客观详细地刻画实际地下水含水层的结构与水文地质条件,划分结果可靠、准确,能为地下水管理部门提供有效合理的保护依据。     

Characterization of an island aquifer from tidal response

Growing demand for potable water for various needs has lead to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater resources, particularly, in the terrain where surface water resources are negligible. One such area is an island where groundwater is the only source of fresh water. Groundwater is the prime source of fresh water on most of the atolls in the world. Groundwater on these islands is in the form of thin fragile floating lens and is often vulnerable to overexploitation, draught, tidal waves, tsunami and cyclone resulting in seawater ingress. Sustainable development of this meager source of fresh groundwater for a longer time becomes a more difficult task on small atolls with a large population depending on this vital resource. To develop a sustainable management scheme and identify the vulnerable part of aquifer, characterization of the aquifer system on islands is imperative. Groundwater on an atoll is extremely vulnerable to seawater mixing through natural as well as human activities. One such natural process is the tides of the ocean. The response of sea tide to the water table on the island offers valuable data as well as cost-effective means to characterize an aquifer system. Such characterization is vital for the management of groundwater resources on an atoll. The obtained results have compared well with the parameters obtained through a conventional pumping test. Therefore, the use of tidal response to the water table, which can easily be recorded, provides a rapid and cost-effective means to characterization of the aquifer system on the island.     

Hydrochemical evolution and variation of groundwater and its environmental impact at Sohag, Egypt

Groundwater resources of Sohag, Egypt are currently threatened by contamination from agricultural and urbanization activities. Groundwater in Sohag area has a special significance where it is the second source for fresh water used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes. Due to growing population, agriculture expansion, and urbanization, groundwater quality assessment needs more attention to cope with the increasing water demand in this arid zones and limited water resources. The aim of this paper is to address the integrated role of geochemical processes, agriculture and urbanization in evolution of groundwater composition, and their impact on groundwater quality to help in management and protection of groundwater resources of study area using geochemical modeling techniques and geographical information systems. Spatial variation of groundwater hydrochemical properties, rock–water interaction, ion exchange, and assessment of groundwater quality were investigated. Results indicated that groundwater properties are varied spatially and its evolution in the study area is generally controlled by the prevailed geochemical processes represented by leaching, dissolution, and precipitation of salts and minerals, ion exchange, in addition to human activities represented by agriculture and urbanization as well as climatic and poor drainage conditions. Management alternatives should be followed in the study area to avoid degradation of groundwater quality and provide sustainable development.     

Hydrogeochemical investigation in an arid region of Iran (Tabas, Central Iran)

Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in Iran and understanding the geochemical evolution of groundwater is important for sustainable development of the water resources in Tabas area. A total of 29 samples of groundwater in Tabas area have been analyzed for ions and major elements. Groundwater of the study area is characterized by the dominance of Na–Cl water type. Groundwater was generally acidic to high alkaline with pH ranging from 5.42 to 10.75. The TDS as a function of mineralization characteristics of the groundwater ranged from 479 to 10,957 mg/l, with a mean value of 2,759 mg/l. The Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄ ^2? and HCO₃ ^? were mainly derived from the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum. The Cu, Pb and Zn ions are not mobile in recent pH–Eh, but these conditions controlled dissolved Se, V and Mo in groundwater. The As is released in groundwater as a result of the weathering of sulfide minerals like arsenopyrite.     

Environmental impacts of groundwater abstraction in Neresnica brook catchment (Slovak Republic)

The main goal of the research was a detailed study of the consequences, caused by groundwater abstraction in the Neresnica brook catchment (Slovak Republic) since the water supply source Podzamcok was put in operation in 1973. This goal was supplemented by research of groundwater origin, groundwater chemical composition and its changes. Field measurements, analyses of water samples and statistical evaluation of hydrometeorological data were used to gain and process the data. It was showed that overexploitation of groundwater in the catchment resulted in distinct diminishing of stream flow discharges in low flow periods, groundwater level dropping and disturbance of hydraulic connection between surface and groundwater. Groundwater quality was quite stable during the whole period of observation. Groundwater modeling was proposed to be used for the re-estimation of utilizable groundwater amounts in the catchment.     

Assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural uses in Low-Isser plain,Boumedres, Algeria

The assessment of the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation uses was carried out in the alluvial plain of Low-Isser in the north of Algeria. The plain covers an area of 533 km² and lies in a Mediterranean sub-humid climate. Groundwater is the main source for domestic uses and agricultural activities in this area. Groundwater samples were collected from 15 wells during dry and wet seasons in 2015, and they were analyzed for major cations and anions and compared with drinking and irrigation specification standards. The comparison of chemical concentration with WHO drinking water standards of 2006 shows that more than 30% of groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking, and the majority of groundwater samples fell on the hard and very hard categories. Suitability of groundwater for drinking was also evaluated based on the water quality index (WQI). It shows more than 80% of samples have good or permissible water quality for dry and wet seasons. In terms of the irrigation usage, generally, groundwater in the study area is suitable for different uses in both seasons according to SAR, %Na, RSBC, and PI. However, water rock exchange processes and groundwater flow have been responsible for the dominated water type Ca–Mg–Cl.     

Quality assessment of groundwater at south Al Madinah Al Munawarah area, Saudi Arabia

Groundwater is the main source of irrigation within south Al Madinah Al Munawarah region. It is also an important source of drinking water in many areas including Madinah city. The wells installed in the aquifer of the study area (south Madinah city) are not currently regulated by the local authorities although they are a key component of water supply. The aquifers in the study area range from unconfined to semi-confined and confined. The main aim of this study is to assess the groundwater in the region for drinking and agricultural uses. For this purpose, hydrochemical analyses of major, minor and trace constituents and nutrients were performed on 29 groundwater samples from the aquifer located about 20 km south of Madinah. The recharge rate of the aquifer of the study area was estimated to be 6.58 % of the annual precipitation using the chloride mass-balance method. Chloride was positively correlated with major ions, which suggests that agricultural activities have some effect on groundwater chemistry through leaching of readily soluble salts from the soil zone. Groundwater of the study area is characterized by dominance of Na over Ca. Chloride was found to be the most dominant anion and replaced by HCO₃, thus reflecting geochemical evolution in the study area. The groundwater of the study area is not safe for drinking but can be safely used for salt-tolerant crops.     

淮南采煤沉陷区积水来源的氢氧稳定同位素证据

淮南是我国东部重要的能源基地,由于长期地下采煤,地表形成大面积的采煤沉陷区并积水,造成严重地质灾害。针对于此,部分学者提出利用采煤沉陷区建立"平原水库"解决周边地区干旱年份农田缺水问题的设想。然而,一方面,由于煤层上覆几百米厚的新生代沉积,采煤塌陷形成的沉陷裂隙是否沟通了不同含水层之间的水力联系,并因此改变了这个地区的地下水系统,成为区域水资源评价需要了解的一个重要科学问题;另一方面,建立"平原水库"需要有稳定的补给水源,采煤形成的沉陷裂隙如果沟通了地下不同深度含水层的水力联系,是否使地下水成为塌陷区除降雨外的重要补给来源,这就成为评价"平原水库"水资源潜力的重要参考依据。氢氧稳定同位素是示踪天然水体水来源的重要手段,笔者在淮南矿区采集了旱季和雨季的浅层地下水、河水、雨水、沉陷区的积水等不同水体的水样23件,分析了其氢氧稳定同位素组成并与深层地下水进行对比。结果表明:雨季和旱季,该地区采煤沉陷区积水的氢氧稳定同位素组成都非常接近大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素组成,而与深层地下水的氢氧稳定同位素组成相差较大,说明采煤沉陷区的积水来源主要是大气降水补给。采煤沉陷区的沉陷裂隙贯穿了整个新生代地层,使地表水发生下渗与在深部与深层地下水发生不同程度的混合,而深层地下水尚不是"平原水库"的稳定补给源。     

Hydrological and hydrogeological characterization of groundwater and river water in the North Hanoi industrial area,Vietnam

Degradation of groundwater quality by human activities is a widespread environmental problem in Vietnam. Groundwater there is a major source of water for domestic and industrial purposes. This paper reviews, compiles, and comprehensively analyzes spatiotemporal variations of hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater aquifers in northern Hanoi industrial zones and in nearby Red River water. Groundwater level, electrical conductivity, and water temperature were measured in six monitoring wells, complemented by anion, cation, and stable isotope analyses of ground and surface water. The results show that the groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers was fresh, but mainly calcium-bicarbonate type contaminants and human activities affect groundwater and surface water composition. With the goal of devising sustainable water use regulations, more research must be directed toward long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality, as well as toward detailed investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of local aquifers in the study area.     

基于Modflow某电厂厂址区地下水环境影响评价研究

根据某火电厂建设项目自身性质及其对地下水环境影响的特点,采用数值模拟法进行预测与评价,建立能够正确刻画评价区地下水流动特征的地下水数值模型,并预测评价项目厂区在建设阶段、运行阶段及服务期满后等3个情景下地下水环境的影响和危害情况。认为本项目废水设计为零排放,不会对场址所在的地下水系统造成新的影响。在正常工况下,建设项目不会对当地地下水产生明显影响。在考虑发生风险事故且防渗措施失效情况下,建设项目对场区及下游地下水环境造成轻微影响,不会引起地下水质量标准降低,在及时采取防渗堵漏措施后,对场区及下游地区地下水不会产生影响。旨在为有效预防和控制电厂区域的地下水环境恶化,保护地下水资源,为电厂工程设计和环境管理提供科学依据。