多维地震激励作用下大跨度钢管混凝土提篮拱桥的随机响应

以某大跨度钢管混凝土提篮拱桥为例,分别研究了大跨度钢管混凝土提篮拱桥的自振特性及其在纵向激励、纵 竖向激励、纵 横向激励、纵 竖 横向激励作用下的地震响应特性。结果表明,横向激励对提篮拱桥地震响应特性有较大影响,对于多维激励情况,提篮拱桥的抗震性能并不优于平行拱,并进一步分析了原因。     

新西海桥的非线性地震响应分析

本文讨论了日本第一座公路钢管混凝土拱桥——主跨230m的新西海桥的非线性地震响应特性。采用三维有限元计算模型,用纤维单元法考虑钢管混凝土的材料非线性,用P-δ效应考虑几何非线性,讨论了在纵桥向地震作用、横桥向地震作用以及纵、横桥两方向同时作用情况下该桥的非线性地震响应特性和抗震性能。计算表明,在纵桥向地震作用时轴力的作用显著,拱脚附近产生的内力较大;而横桥向地震作用时轴力和面外弯矩作用显著,拱脚以及拱肋与桥面连接附近产生的内力较大;横向地震响应远大于纵向地震响应;应考虑纵、横桥向地震力共同作用的影响。     

多点激励下大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥空间地震响应分析

基于多自由度空间结构体系地震响应分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS建立空间有限元模型,采用动力时程分析法分析某大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥在一致和非一致激励作用不同地震工况下的空间地震响应。研究结果表明:非一致激励作用下,拱肋轴力、主桁弯矩峰值出现在拱脚和边墩附近;地震波组合输入较其单向输入拱脚轴力和面内弯矩最大分别可达1.28和8.32倍;非一致输入较一致激励作用拱脚轴力和面内弯矩分别可达2.5和8.4倍;地震波横向输入较纵向输入横向位移峰值比可达2.4倍,纵向输入较横向输入纵向位移峰值比可达2.6倍;结构的支座形式对结构构件地震响应结果也有一定影响;建议大跨度钢桁拱桥抗震设计应充分考虑地震波的空间和时间效应。     

5跨连续中承式钢管混凝土拱桥抗震性能分析

钢管混凝土拱桥由于桥型优美在城市桥梁中得到广泛应用,对某正在设计的5跨连续巾承式钢管混凝土拱桥进行了动力特性和抗震性能分析,根据该桥的结构特点,建立了’该桥的空间有限元分析模型,计算桥梁的自振特性,基于反应谱方法计算了该桥在横向、纵向水平地震反应,计算结果表明：该桥拱肋的面外刚度相对较小,在桥梁振动中首先出现拱肋的面外振动;桥梁的竖向振动表现为拱肋与桥面的整体竖向振动,其基频明显比拱肋面外振动大;主拱肋的轴力由横桥向地震动控制,其他内力由纵桥向地震动控制;地震作用对弯矩的影响较大,故主拱的内力计算应考虑地震力的影响;在设计计算中除常规关键点应作为控制点外,内外拱连接处也应作为控制点。计算结果已为该桥的抗震设计提供了参考。     

近断层地震动对上承式拱桥动力响应的影响

为了揭示近断层地震作用下上承式钢筋混凝土拱桥的动力响应特点,以西南山区某上承式拱桥为背景,用OpenSEES平台建立了全桥非线性动力分析模型,探讨了近断层地震动的输入方式、脉冲效应和竖向地震动等三个关键因素对桥梁动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:地震输入方式对拱圈地震响应的影响较小,但对拱上立柱地震响应的影响很大,尤其是拱顶附近的短立柱,在抗震分析中,建议偏安全地采用三向地震输入方式;脉冲效应对拱桥地震响应的影响非常大,会导致拱圈、拱上立柱和桥面板地震响应大幅增加,桥面板残余平面转角甚至增大6倍以上;竖向地震动对拱圈轴力和面内弯矩、拱上立柱纵向弯矩和剪力的影响很大,拱顶处的面内弯矩放大倍数最大可达2.95,总体来说,采用规范所建议的方法考虑竖向地震是偏保守的。     

钢管拱桥在大地震作用下的非线性反应分析

钢管拱肋填充混凝土后，质量体系相对刚度体系的作用将大幅增加，特别是在大地震作用下的横向反应显著增大。拱肋内部不填充混凝土，能够减小横向地震作用，同时可以减轻下部结构的负担。因此，本文提出了圆形钢管拱肋的材料非线性性能的评价方法，并以上承式钢管拱桥为例，探讨了钢管拱桥在大地震作用下的非线性反应性能。     

考虑河谷场地效应的大跨CFST拱桥地震响应分析

本文对某特大跨上承式铁路钢管混凝土拱桥建立“V”型河谷场地有限元动力计算模型,结合时空解耦的时域动力有限元方法,研究“V”型河谷场地效应对其地震响应的影响,并考虑地震入射角、行波速度及地震动峰值等因素对场地效应的影响。结果表明:海拔高且坡度均匀的地形使地震波在反射过程中能量增大,海拔较低且坡度下陡上缓的地形使地震波在反射过程中能量减少,“V”型河谷场地效应使大部分钢管混凝土拱圈截面内力测量值放大作用明显;“V”型河谷场地地形效应与地震波的入射角、行波速度及加速度峰值等因素均有关联,且CFST拱肋面外受弯抗震性能受行波速度的影响较大。因此,钢管混凝土拱桥抗震设计中应注意场地地形效应及行波速度的影响。     

大跨度上承式钢管混凝土拱桥抗震韧性评估

为评估大跨度上承式钢管混凝土(Concrete-filled Steel Tube, CFST)拱桥在不同地震动强度下的抗震韧性，以一座320 m上承式CFST拱桥为研究对象，利用Midas/Civil软件建立结构有限元模型并进行非线性结构响应分析，定义了拱桥的易损性组和性能组，开展地震易损性分析，分别评估在不同地震动强度作用下拱桥结构的维修费用和维修时间等抗震韧性指标，给出拱桥的抗震韧性评级方法和依据。结果表明：该结构最终抗震韧性评级为一星，其中维修时间是影响拱桥结构综合抗震韧性等级的关键指标，结构构件对拱桥结构的抗震韧性有较大的影响。     

柱承式筒仓结构在接连二次地震作用下的动力响应和抗震性能研究

为了研究二次地震作用对关系到国家粮食安全储存的筒仓结构的抗震性能的影响,本文利用ANSYS非线性有限元时程分析程序,对柱承式筒仓结构分别进行一次和接连两次地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析,研究不同强度的二次地震作用对筒仓结构的影响程度,比较分析柱承式筒仓结构在一次和接连两次地震作用下的响应特点和抗震性能。计算分析结果表明:一次地震作用下,柱顶和柱底出现严重薄弱部位,环梁和仓壁损伤较小;二次地震作用后结构刚度明显降低,累积损伤明显增加,抗震能力明显降低。分析结果对筒仓这种特种结构在主余震作用下的抗震性能的系统性、规律性认识具有重要的借鉴意义,可为地震区筒仓结构的抗震设计和一次地震作用下已损伤的筒仓结构是否需要维修加固提供更可靠的科学依据。     

某人防工程地震响应分析与抗震性能评价

目前为止还没有成熟的地下结构抗震性能评价方法.本文结合地下结构地震响应的特点及已有相关规范,初步建立了地下结构抗震性能评价方法.并以某人防工程为例,建立三维分析模型,计算其在两种不同幅值的人工合成波作用下的三维地震响应,计算了结构的水平横向相对位移,评价了该人防工程的抗震性能.评价结果表明此人防工程具有良好的抗震性能....     

拱桥在竖向地震波输入下的行波共振现象

以某大跨公路拱桥为例讨论了行波作用对拱桥地震反应的影响机理.采用有限元程序计算分析了该拱桥在竖向地震动行波输入和一致输入下的动力反应,通过结果对比反映出行波地震反应并不简单随波速单调变化的现象.经过分析进一步提出了行波共振的概念,阐述了行波共振效应的产生机理.数值分析结果表明了考虑行波效应对大跨拱桥地震反应分析的重要性.     

大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式研究

地震动输入是大跨度桥梁地震反应分析的重要一环。从明确大跨度拱桥的临界跨度入手,探讨了大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式中的行波效应、三向输入及其地震动选取问题。基于某大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥,建立了有限元分析模型,考查了行波效应及三向地震动输入对拱关键截面内力、减隔震支座位移及粘滞阻尼器冲程的影响。结果表明:给出的大跨度拱桥临界跨度确定方法合理,行波效应对拱顶轴力有重要影响,不考虑三向地震动同时作用会明显低估大跨度拱桥的地震反应。确定大跨度拱桥地震动输入模式时需考虑行波效应与三向地震动同时输入。     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥减震控制装置参数的研究

大跨度桥梁结构的减震控制研究对于桥梁结构的抗震安全具有重要意义。本文以主跨368m的茅草街大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元模型,并采用子空间迭代法分析了该桥的动力特性。在此基础上进行了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应及减震控制研究,重点进行了弹性连接装置和粘滞阻尼器减震效果的参数敏感性分析,并对比分析了不同位置布设减震装置时的效果。结果表明,纵飘振型对该桥肋纵向相对位移的贡献最大;弹性连接装置和阻尼器均能有效减小地震作用下该桥的肋梁纵向相对位移;综合考虑各关键部位的地震响应时,同时采用两类减震装置并将其分散布置时的减震效果最佳。结论可供大跨度中承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的抗震设计参考。     

An investigation of the seismic behavior of a deck-type reinforced concrete arch bridge

This paper attempts to explore potential benefits of form in a deck-type reinforced concrete (RC) arch bridge in connection with its overall seismic behavior and performance. Through a detailed three-dimensional finite element modeling and analysis of an actual existing deck-type RC arch bridge, some useful quantitative information have been derived that may serve for a better understanding of the seismic behavior of such arch bridges. A series of the nonlinear dynamic analyses has been carried out under the action of seven different time histories of ground motion scaled to the AASHTO 2012 response spectrum. The concept of demand to capacity ratios has been employed to provide an initial estimation of the seismic performance of the bridge members. As a consequence of the structural form, a particular type of irregularity is introduced due to variable heights of columns transferring the deck loads to the main arch. Hence, a particular attention has been paid to the internal force/moment distributions within the short, medium, and long columns as well as along the main arch. A study of the effects of the vertical component of ground motion has demonstrated the need for the inclusion of these effects in the analysis of such bridges.     

Effects of seismic isolation on the seismic response of a California high‐speed rail prototype bridge with soil‐structure and track‐structure interactions

With the launch of the high‐speed train project in California, the seismic risk is a crucial concern to the stakeholders. To investigate the seismic behavior of future California High‐Speed Rail (CHSR) bridge structures, a 3D nonlinear finite‐element model of a CHSR prototype bridge is developed. Soil‐structure and track‐structure interactions are accounted for in this comprehensive numerical model used to simulate the seismic response of the bridge and track system. This paper focuses on examining potential benefits and possible drawbacks of the a priori promising application of seismic isolation in CHSR bridges. Nonlinear time history analyses are performed for this prototype bridge subjected to two bidirectional horizontal historical earthquake ground motions each scaled to two different seismic hazard levels. The effect of seismic isolation on the seismic performance of the bridge is investigated through a detailed comparison of the seismic response of the bridge with and without seismic isolation. It is found that seismic isolation significantly reduces the deck acceleration and the force demand in the bridge substructure (i.e., piers and foundations), especially for high‐intensity earthquakes. However, seismic isolation increases the deck displacement (relative to the pile cap) and the stresses in the rails. These findings imply that seismic isolation can be promisingly applied to CHSR bridges with due consideration of balancing its beneficial and detrimental effects through using appropriate isolators design. The optimum seismic isolator properties can be sought by solving a performance‐based optimum seismic design problem using the nonlinear finite‐element model presented herein. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑竖向地震作用的拱式廊桥的地震响应分析

本文以某大型商业拱式廊桥工程实例为依托,利用有限元软件分别建立了整桥模型和不考虑上部建筑结构的桥梁模型以及不考虑下部桥梁结构的建筑模型,并计算了各自的自振动力特性,在此基础上通过反应谱方法分析了同时考虑水平地震作用和竖向地震作用的廊桥主拱圈和上部建筑结构柱的地震响应以及不同模型计算结果的差异,以此研究桥梁结构与建筑结构的耦合作用,为廊桥的抗震设计或分析提供一定的参考依据。     

A comparative study between China and U.S. on seismic design philosophy and practice of a long span arch bridge

This paper presents the first of a series of case studies on the seismic design of long span bridges （cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges and arch bridges） under a cooperative research project on seismic behavior and design of highway bridges between the State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, University at Buffalo. The objective of this series of case studies is to examine the differences and similarities on the seismic design practice of long span bridges in China and the U.S., to identify research needs and to develop design guidelines beneficial to bridge engineers in both countries. Unlike short to medium span bridges, long span bridges are not included in most seismic design specifications, mainly because they are location dependent and structurally unique. In this paper, an available model of a steel tied half through arch bridge with a main span of 550m in China is discussed. Analysis is focused on comparisons of the seismic responses due to different ground motions. Seismic design criteria and seismic performance requirements for long span bridges in both countries were first introduced and compared, and then three near field earthquake records with large vertical components were selected as the excitations to examine the seismic behavior and seismic vulnerability of the bridge. Results show that （1） the selected near field ground motions cause larger responses to key components （critical sections） of the bridge （such as arch rib ends） with a maximum increase of more than twice those caused by the site specific ground motions; （2） piers, longitudinal girders and arch crowns are more vulnerable to vertical motions, especially their axial forces; and （3） large vertical components of near field ground motions may not significantly affect the bridge＇s internal forces provided that their peak acceleration spectra ordinates only appear at periods of less than 0.2s. However, they may have more influence on the longitudinal displacements of sliding bearings due to their large displacement spectra ordinates at the fundamental period of the bridge.     

既有大跨度混凝土拱桥震害机理分析

以汶川地震中遭到严重破坏的金花大桥作为工程实例,基于现场震害调查资料和数值分析来研究金花大桥地震破坏机理。现场震害调查发现,金花大桥震害主要集中在主拱肋和拱上立柱,表现为混凝土开裂和拱上立柱环向裂缝等。数值分析结果表明,在地震荷载作用下主拱肋的拱脚截面抗弯能力比地震需求小,会出现弯曲破坏,拱顶截面抗震能力满足抗震需求;8#拱上立柱在柱底会发生弯曲开裂。数值分析结果与震害调查具有一致性,可为大跨度拱桥抗震设计提供参考。