海洋旅游可持续发展战略研究

我国拥有3万多千米的大陆岸线和岛屿岸线,300多万平方千米的广阔的海洋空间及6500多个大小海岛,各种海洋资源十分丰富。中国沿海地区共1500多处旅游娱乐景观资源,I6个国家历史文化名城和沿海港口城市群,25个国家重点风景名胜名,130个全国重点文物保护单位,匕个国家海洋自然保护区,海洋旅游资源非常丰富。沿海开放地区又有着政策、经济、区位、科技、人才等方面的优势,因此发展海洋旅游的条件十分优越。海洋旅游在我国正方兴未艾,1995年沿海地区接待海外旅游者总数为117万人,占全国接待海外旅游者总数的67．7％。1995年13个国际旅…     

广西海岛岸线资源空间分布特征及其利用模式研究

海岛的可持续发展关乎海洋生态平衡、海洋经济发展和国家安全。海岛岸线空间资源是海岛开发利用价值的核心内容之一。本文基于数理统计和经验正交函数分析法,分析广西646个海岛的岸线长度、岸线系数及岸线空间资源利用模式。结果表明:1)广西海岛岸线长度小,大部分海岛的岸线长度小于2 000m,可利用岸线资源贫乏。2)岸线系数超过0.2的海岛仅占海岛总数的5%,大部分海岛的岸线空间利用价值不大。3)广西海岛岸线资源利用可分为4个模态,其中第一模态反映了岸线资源利用为特征的主要模态,相关指标包括三通一平、近陆距离、海岛面积、海岛侵蚀能力;第二模态仍是表征岸线资源利用为主的模态,但指标主要包括最高点高程和海岛侵蚀能力;第三、四模态是海岛以生态环境保护为主的次要模态,包括植被覆盖、最高点高程两个主要指标。     

长山群岛旅游业深度开发研究

作为全国唯一的海岛边境县,长海县(长山群岛)旅游资源条件优越,旅游业发展粗具规模,已被确立为国家级的海岛森林公园和辽宁省省级风景名胜区.不过要在竞争日益激烈的国际、国内旅游市场中永远占有一席之地,必须紧随时代步伐.对旅游业进行深度动态开发.通过对长山群岛旅游业发展现状的调查,探析可以改进和提升的方面,并结合国内外优秀海岛旅游地的先进经验,从开发模式、旅游产品定位、目标消费市场定位三个角度提出深度开发的策略.     

全国海岛资源综合调查取得丰硕成果

历经8年的我国首次海岛资源调查已经圆满结束,取得了丰硕成果。 我国岛屿众多,海岛岸线长1万2千多公里。其中有人居住的海岛433个,人口约453万。海岛及其周围海域蕴藏着丰富的渔业资源、油气资源、旅游资源、港口资源、化工资源、矿产资源,对我国社会主义现代化建设事业的发展有着极其重要的意义。     

青岛市港口资源与海岸线资源的可持续利用

青岛市是我国东部重要的经济中心城市和港口城市,也是重要的海洋科学城和滨海旅游城市。她依海而建,因海而兴,海洋在青岛城市发展的进程中占着举足轻重的地位,21世纪青岛的可持续发展,仍将越来越多地依赖海洋。港口资源与海岸线资源的可持续利用对于青岛未来的发展意义重大。一、青岛岸线的主要功能青岛市三面临海,全市海岸线长达862.64km,占山东省海岸线总长度的1/4,相当于上海、天津和河北三省市海岸线长度的总和。其中海岛69个,岛岸线长132km,岛屿面积21.21km2;有天然海湾49处;滩涂面积375km2;20m等深线以内浅海水面32255.11km2。青岛的…     

浙江海洋资源及其开发利用现状

浙江是个海洋大省,全省有6500公里的海岸线(其中大陆岸线2200公里),3061个面积大于500平方米的海岛,以及4.24万平方公里的海域面积,海洋资源十分丰富。港、渔、景、油、涂、海洋能等资源在全国都占有很高的份额。 浙江全省共有可建万吨以上泊位的深水岸     

努力实践 稳步推进 福建省海岛管理工作取得显著成效

福建省是岛屿资源丰富的海岛大省,海岛分布广、类型多样,根据908专项最新调查统计,全省海岛2214个。福建海岛具有区位特殊、资源丰富、生态优良、文化奇特的特点,海岛及其周边可管辖海域具有丰富的自然资源,包括海岛生物资源、土地资源、旅游资源、港口资源、海洋能源、矿产资源、海水化学资源,是一个巨大的自然资源宝库;     

努力实践 稳步推进福建省海岛管理工作取得显著成效

福建省是岛屿资源丰富的海岛大省,海岛分布广、类型多样,根据908专项最新调查统计,全省海岛2214个。福建海岛具有区位特殊、资源丰富、生态优良、文化奇特的特点,海岛及其周边可管辖海域具有丰富的自然资源,包括海岛生物资源、土地资源、旅游资源、港口资源、海洋能源、矿产资源、海水化学资源,是一个巨大的自然资源宝库;     

舟山群岛的发展与空间规划研究

阐述了舟山市在长江三角洲的经济地位;分析了杭州湾3大海洋工程及其对舟山的影响;指出舟山海洋资源主要有深水岸线、海洋渔业、海洋旅游资源等;提出了舟山海岸空间规划。     

我国的海岛资源

1 概况 我国拥有岛屿6500多个,海岛岸线长约1.2万公里。有人居住的海岛433个,人口约453万。海岛及其周围海域蕴藏着丰富的渔业资源、石油资源、旅游资源、港口资源、化工资源、矿产资源,对我国社会主义现代化建设事业的发展有着极其重要的意义。 党和国家十分关心海岛建设,中央领导曾多次亲临海岛视察。为摸清我国海岛的基本状况,合理开发海岛资源,改变海岛的经济落后面貌,1988年经国务院批准,由国家科委、国家计委、国家海洋局、农业部、总参谋部牵头,会同国务院其他有关部门和沿海省、自治区、直辖市组     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.