川东南丁山地区龙马溪组页岩裂缝特征及对含气性的影响

川东南丁山地区是近年来四川盆地页岩气勘探开发的热点区域,裂缝的发育对页岩含气性及保存条件有重要的影响。综合运用野外露头、岩心、测井资料,结合岩石脆性矿物含量、岩石力学参数等数据,深入分析龙马溪组页岩裂缝发育特征和控制因素,并探讨了裂缝发育对含气性的影响。结果表明,丁山地区龙马溪组页岩裂缝主要以构造成因的剪切缝为主,裂缝优势方位共6组,主要包括4组平面剪切缝和2组剖面剪切缝,其发育主要受2个方向、3个阶段的构造应力场影响而成;裂缝延伸稳定,平均密度小,宽度小,充填程度高,主要被方解石和黄铁矿等充填。裂缝受控因素主要包括古构造应力场、构造部位、脆性矿物组分、岩石力学性质等;断层对裂缝发育具有明显的控制作用,其中断层两盘均存在裂缝发育程度急剧下降的临界范围,临界范围内裂缝发育程度高,超过此临界范围,裂缝发育程度变差且变化趋于平缓;不同期次的裂缝中,形成时间晚、规模过大、充填程度不高、与现今地应力方向一致或呈低角度相交的裂缝易造成页岩气的散失,对提高页岩含气性不利;龙马溪组岩石脆性矿物含量高,脆性指数属中等偏上程度,有利于构造缝发育且可压性较好。随着距齐岳山断裂距离的适当增加,龙马溪组页岩埋藏深度适中,地层压力增大,抗压强度增强高,脆性指数适中,构造保存条件变好,有利于不同方位的裂缝发育和页岩含气量的增加,位于该区域的DY2井与DY4井均位于该有利区域,含气性良好。研究结果对下一步深化页岩气勘探开发具有重要指导作用。     

Reservoir Characteristics and Preservation Conditions of Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Block, South China

The Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze block represents one of the most important shale gas plays in China. The shale composition, porosity, organic thermal maturity, and methane sorption were investigated at the Qilongcun section in the Dingshan area, southeastern Sichuan Basin. The results show that the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale contains: (1) sapropelic I organic matter; (2) a 40-m thick bedded sequence where total organic carbon (TOC) content is > 2%; (3) a 30-m thick layer at the base of the Longmaxi Shale with a brittle mineral content higher than 50%; and (4) a mean methane adsorption capacity of 1.80 cm3/g (7 MPa pressure). A positive correlation between TOC and sorbed gas indicates that organic matter content exerts an important control on methane storage capacity. Based on the analysis of the shale reservoir characteristics, the lower member of the Longmaxi Shale can thus be considered a favorable stratum for shale gas exploration and exploitation. It has similar reservoir characteristics with the Longmaxi Shale in the Jiaoshiba area tested with a high-yield industrial gas flow. However, based on tectonic analysis, differences in the level of industrial gas flow between the low-yield study area and the high-yield Jiaoshiba area may result from different tectonic preservation conditions. Evidence from these studies indicates the shale gas potential of the Longmaxi Shale is constrained by the reservoir and preservation conditions.     

四川盆地东南缘丁山地区页岩气成藏富集的关键控制因素

川东南丁山地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组实施的两口页岩气探井,优质页岩段(一般TOC≥2.0%)实测总含气量,DY1井平均3.07 m~3/t,DY2井平均6.79 m~3/t。对比发现,优质页岩段烃源条件相似:丁山地区五峰组—龙马溪组沉积早期处于深水陆棚沉积环境,优质页岩段总体厚度较大,一般在30~35.5 m之间;平均TOC基本相当,在3.42%~3.95%之间;热演化程度适中,R_o值一般大于2.0%。研究认为保存条件差异是造成丁山地区页岩含气性差异的关键因素:距离齐岳山断裂较近的DY1井区,页岩高角度缝发育,加上埋藏浅,页岩气侧向逸散严重,页岩含气性相对变差;远离齐岳山断裂的深埋藏平缓带是有利的页岩气藏发育带。     

Geological Factors Controlling the Accumulation and High Yield of Marine-Facies Shale Gas: Case Study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan Area of Southeast Sichuan,China

The main geological factors controlling the accumulation and yield of marine-facies shale gas reservoirs are the focus of the current shale gas exploration and development research. In this study, the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan area of southeast Sichuan was investigated. Shale cores underwent laboratory testing, which included the evaluation of total organic carbon(TOC), vitrinite reflectance(Ro), whole-rock X-ray diffraction(XRD), pore permeability,and imaging through field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). Based on the results of natural gamma ray spectrum logging, conventional logging, imaging logging, and seismic coherence properties, the exploration and development potential of shale gas in the Dingshan area have been discussed comprehensively. The results showed that(1)layer No. 4(WF2-LM4) of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation has a Th/U ratio 2 and a Th/K ratio of 3.5–12. Graptolites and pyrite are relatively abundant in the shale core, indicating sub-high-energy and low-energy marine-facies anoxic reducing environments.(2) The organic matter is mainly I-type kerogen with a small amount of II1-type kerogen. There is a good correlation among TOC, Ro, gas content, and brittle minerals; the fracturing property(brittleness) is 57.3%. Organic and inorganic pores are moderately developed. A higher pressure coefficient is correlated with the increase in porosity and the decrease in permeability.(3) The DY1 well of the shale gas reservoir was affected by natural defects and important latestage double destructive effects, and it is poorly preserved. The DY2 well is located far from the Qiyueshan Fault. Large faults are absent, and upward fractures in the Longmaxi Formation are poorly developed. The well is affected by low tectonic deformation intensity, and it is well preserved.(4) The Dingshan area is located at the junction of the two sedimentary centers of Jiaoshiba and Changning. The thickness of the high-quality shale interval(WF2-LM4) is relatively small, which may be an important reason for the unstable production of shale gas thus far. Based on the systematic analysis of the geological factors controlling high-yield shale gas enrichment in the Dingshan area, and the comparative analysis with the surrounding typical exploration areas, the geological understanding of marine shale gas enrichment in southern China has been improved. Therefore, this study can provide a useful reference for shale gas exploration and further development.     

我国南方海相页岩气富集高产主控因素及前景预测

近年来我国在四川盆地率先实现了页岩气商业开发,奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组成为南方海相页岩气开发的主力层系.通过梳理页岩气沉积与分布特征、构造演化特征、构造样式及保存特征、页岩储层特征,提出了我国南方海相页岩气富集高产的主控因素:深水陆棚相富有机质优质页岩是物质基础;构造抬升时间和构造样式是页岩气富集保存的关键因素,总结了构造保存完整型、残留型、破坏型3大类页岩气构造样式;地层超压是页岩气高产的必要条件.最终展望了页岩气发展前景,预测了我国南方几个古隆起的边缘和滇黔桂地区是未来页岩气勘探开发的有利区.      

“Source-Diagenesis-Accumulation” enrichment and accumulation regularity of marine shale gas in southern China

After the breakthrough of shale gas exploration and development in the Ordovician Wufeng Formation (Fm.) and Silurian Longmaxi Fm. of Chongqing Jiaoshiba area, Changning-Weiyuan area, etc. in Sichuan basin, a series of discovery and breakthrough were obtained by China Geological Survey in the Cambrian Niutitang Fm. and Sinian Doushantuo Fm. shale of the areas with complicated structure outside Sichuan basin. Based on the understanding of the law of shale gas enrichment in Longmaxi Fm. in the basin, this paper puts forward three elements of the formation and enrichment of shale gas, which are the “Source”, the “Diagenesis” and the “Accumulation”, after deeply studying the law shale gas enrichment and accumulation in Sinian-Cambrian reservoir of the complex structure area outside the basin. The “Source” means the sedimentary environment and petrological characteristics of organic shale. The “Diagenesis” means the basin tectonic subsidence and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of organic matter. The “Accumulation” means the tectonic uplift and shale gas preservation. It is proposed that the Sinian-Cambrian and Ordovician-Silurian black shale series in the middle and upper Yangtze region of southern China were both formed in the deep-water shelf environment of rift trough and foreland basin respectively. The dessert intervals were formed in the strong reduction environment under transgressive system tract. The shale lithology belongs to calcium-siliceous and charcoal-siliceous respectively. Based on the summary of structural evolution in Yangtze area, the correlation of structural burial depth with shale diagenesis and the coupling evolution of organic matter with pore structure are discussed. Combining with structural styles, the preservation conditions of shale gas are discussed. Five types of shale gas reservoir control models are further described. Two types of future exploration directions, which are reverse fault syncline and paleo-uplift margin in complex structural area outside the basin, are proposed.     

四川盆地东南缘下志留统龙马溪组页岩基本特征

下志留统龙马溪组是四川盆地东南缘最为重要的烃源岩和页岩气勘探层位之一.在岩石学研究的基础上,利用岩石热解、色谱-质谱等分析技术,对研究区龙马溪组页岩地球化学特征进行了系统分析.龙马溪组厚为60 ～ 420 m,主要由8种岩性构成:层状-非层状泥/页岩、白云质粉砂岩、层状钙质泥页岩、泥质粉砂岩、层状-非层状粉砂质泥/页岩...     

Quantitative Prediction of Fracture Distribution of the Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan Area,China using FEM Numerical Simulation

Fracture prediction is a technical issue in the field of petroleum exploration and production worldwide. Although there are many approaches to predict the distribution of cracks underground, these approaches have some limitations. To resolve these issues, we ascertained the relation between numerical simulations of tectonic stress and the predicted distribution of fractures from the perspective of geologic genesis, based on the characteristics of the shale reservoir in the Longmaxi Formation in Dingshan; the features of fracture development in this reservoir were considered. 3D finite element method (FEM) was applied in combination with rock mechanical parameters derived from the acoustic emissions. The paleotectonic stress field of the crack formation period was simulated for the Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan area. The splitting factor in the study area was calculated based on the rock breaking criterion. The coefficient of fracture development was selected as the quantitative prediction classification criteria for the cracks. The results show that a higher coefficient of fracture development indicates a greater degree of fracture development. On the basis of the fracture development coefficient classification, a favorable area was identified for the development of fracture prediction in the study area. The prediction results indicat     

现今地应力对富有机质页岩断层封闭性的研究——以川东南丁山地区龙马溪组为例

断层的封闭性研究对油气藏的保存、评价工作及探索油气的分布规律具有重要的参考价值与指导意义。以川东南丁山地区龙马溪组页岩为例,利用FMI成像测井、震源机制解、现场水力压裂、三轴力学实验、有限元2D-σ方法等技术与方法分别对其现今地应力的方向、大小及岩石力学性质进行了分析,最后对井位附近断层封闭性进行了初步的评价。结果表明:丁山地区龙马溪组页岩现今地应力方向总体处于北东东-南西西（55°±5°）至南东东-北西西（110±5°）范围。DY2井龙马溪组页岩层现今最大主应力约145.0 MPa,断层面叠合正应力约188.4~218.3 MPa,岩石处于塑性变形阶段,破裂模式较为单一,脆性指数约41.6%~49.0%,破裂系数约0.197~0.355,断层封闭性总体较好,含气性与试气效果较好。DY1井龙马溪组页岩层现今最大主应力约52.0 MPa,断层面叠合正应力约75.8~83.1 MPa,岩石处于弹性变形阶段,破裂模式较为复杂,脆性指数约48.5%~55.0%,破裂系数约0.355~0.671,断层封闭性总体较差,含气性与试气效果较差。DY3井和DY4井龙马溪组附近断层封闭性一般。      

川南地区渐变型盆—山边界条件下龙马溪组页岩气(藏)富集主控因素:构造—沉积分异与差异性演化

川南地区龙马溪组全面进入3500 m以浅的页岩气开发、上产关键阶段。油气地质学界长期以来针对页岩岩相、岩石学与孔隙特征等储层静态参数的重视以及对龙一11小层的单一层系开发的局限,对川南地区龙马溪组页岩气整体产能的提高产生了一定制约。回归基础地质本质,采用地质—地球化学综合研究思路,以构造控制下的沉积分异格局为框架,补充完善川南地区笔石生物地层划分体系;依靠多期节理构造与古应力反演等构造解析方法,建立川南渐变型盆—山边界条件下龙马溪组多期构造演化与流体温压模型,明确川南地区复杂构造背景下页岩气差异富集机理。奥陶纪—志留纪之交的“三隆一坳”古构造—沉积分异,控制了川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组优质页岩渐进式发育与分布。在川南—大娄山渐变型盆山结构边界条件下,晚白垩世以来所经历的4期不同应力场构造变形事件,使威远、泸州—大足与长宁—宁西地区五峰组—龙马溪组具有差异性构造变形—抬升剥蚀与演化特征。差异性的埋深—隆升过程,对受埋深与构造热事件控制的页岩有机地球化学特征及流体充注体系产生重要影响。构造—沉积分异、盆山建造与热演化过程,最终控制川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组早期有限聚集—中期相对富集—晚期调整改造的页岩气成藏演化过程。     

川东-武陵构造带下古生界海相页岩构造变形特征及对页岩气保存的影响

川东-武陵构造带下古生界发育的两套海相页岩层系(下寒武统牛蹄塘组和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组)不仅是区域内重要的滑脱层,也是页岩气勘探开发的重点层位。通过野外详细的构造解析及室内显微观察,从宏观露头—显微尺度分析了页岩的变形特征,认为页岩至少存在两期构造变形:早期顺层向北西或南东的逆冲和晚期的切层断层作用。页岩的变形强度随着与断裂带距离的变化而发生改变,远离断裂带的地区页岩变形主要表现为近直立的微裂隙,属脆性域;靠近断裂带,页岩的变形特征逐渐表现为脆-韧性过渡,开始发育糜棱化构造;在断裂带内部,页岩强烈面理化,发育大量的糜棱化构造,属韧性域。通过氩离子抛光和扫描电镜技术,分析了变形页岩内部的孔隙演化特征,认为随着变形作用从脆性—脆-韧性过渡—韧性的转变,页岩内部的孔隙类型不仅可以发生转换,而且页岩内部孔隙的大小、分布特征也随之改变。在此基础上,进一步讨论了中国南方复杂构造区下古生界页岩变形对页岩气保存的影响,认为顺层剪切滑脱作用会改变页岩内部的孔隙体系,有利于页岩气的富集;切层的伸展或走滑剪切作用不仅会破坏先前形成的油气圈闭,而且会导致油气沿着断裂带从高势区向低势区运移,进而造成油气散失。      

西昌盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气保存条件研究

保存条件是影响页岩气富集高产的关键因素.本文综合利用地质、钻井等资料,分析了西昌盆地五峰组—龙马溪组的顶底板条件、构造特征、地层压力特征和气体组分,从宏观和微观两个方面对影响页岩气保存的主要指标进行了研究,在此基础上开展了西昌盆地保存条件综合评价.结果表明:盆地各凹陷主要由走滑-冲断带相隔,凹陷内地层缓倾,构造样式表现...     

滇黔北昭通示范区龙马溪组页岩气资源潜力评价

研究区位于滇黔北坳陷威信凹陷的中西部区域——川南低陡褶皱带南缘带,本文利用钻井、野外露头、区域地质等资料,对研究区龙马溪组页岩气基本地质特征进行了分析,并采用体积法对页岩气资源量进行了评价。研究成果表明,区内龙马溪组下段暗色页岩有机质含量及成熟度较高,有机质类型偏腐泥型;岩石脆性矿物含量高,物性一般,总含气量中等,总体与长宁、威远等邻区同层位产气页岩较为相似,并与北美主要产气页岩具有一定可比性。初步估算研究区龙马溪组页岩气资源量24871.8×10~8m~3,展现出良好的勘探前景,但受储层发育、保存条件等影响,页岩气资源分布严重不均,纵向上质量较好的页岩气资源主要集中在龙马溪组底部第1小层,平面上主要分布于研究区北部的川南低陡褶皱带内,该区内保存条件好的宽缓复向斜带和箱状背斜构造带是下步勘探的有利区。     

Geological Features and Reservoiring Mode of Shale Gas Reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba Area

Abstract: This study is based on the sedimentation conditions, organic geochemistry, storage spaces, physical properties, lithology and gas content of the shale gas reservoirs in Longmaxi Formation of the Jiaoshiba area and the gas accumulation mode is summarized and then compared with that in northern America. The shale gas reservoirs in the Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba have good geological conditions, great thickness of quality shales, high organic content, high gas content, good physical properties, suitable depth, good preservation conditions and good reservoir types. The quality shales at the bottom of the deep shelf are the main target interval for shale gas exploration and development. Shale gas in the Longmaxi Formation has undergone three main reservoiring stages: the early stage of hydrocarbon generation and compaction when shale gas reservoirs were first formed; the middle stage of deep burial and large-scale hydrocarbon generation, which caused the enrichment of reservoirs with shale gas; the late stage of uplift, erosion and fracture development when shale gas reservoirs were finally formed.     

四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析

四川盆地及周缘地区奥陶系五峰组志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素包括：(1)特殊的古环境所形成的优质页岩是富集的基础。四川盆地及其周缘在五峰组和龙马溪组沉积时期,在弱挤压背景下发生了陆内拗陷沉降,奥陶纪末期冰期后全球性海平面快速上升,形成了较大规模的深水陆棚环境,为低等生物的大规模繁殖提供了有利条件,闭塞的海湾背景,为有机质的保存提供了有利的地球化学环境,欠补偿状态导致了地层中的高有机质含量。特殊生物类型所形成的大量有机硅,使成岩早期就形成了具有较强抗压实能力的岩石骨架,为早期生成原油的滞留提供了良好的空间,也为后期油向气转化时形成并保持大量的有机质孔奠定了物质基础。(2)有机质孔和特殊裂缝是页岩气富集的重要保障。有机碳含量高的优质页岩,有机质孔也发育较多,页岩的含气量大,游离气所占的比例更高。特殊裂缝主要指页岩层理缝和小尺度裂缝。在层理面堆积的笔石和藻类等成烃生物促进了这类层理缝的发育。小尺度裂缝提高了页岩自身的储集空间和渗流能力,有利于页岩气的聚集和成藏。(3)适度抬升状态下的有效保存是富集的关键。构造变形和抬升剥蚀是一把双刃剑。如果变形与抬升剥蚀作用太强,地层的封闭保存系统会破坏,导致不论是常规还是非常规的油气系统完全或者部分失效。因抬升产生微裂缝但没有出现大的穿层裂缝或断裂,即表现为一种“裂而不破”的状态是最理想的。远离断裂尤其是通天断裂、具有一定埋深且地层平缓的地区页岩气保存条件良好。四川盆地内与周缘地区保存条件的差异,主要是由于燕山中期运动所控制的构造变形、沉降沉积与抬升剥蚀作用的差异性所决定的。四川盆地及周缘地区奥陶系五峰组志留系龙马溪组页岩气有利富集区是位于富有机质黑色页岩厚度较大的深水陆棚沉积中心区、有机孔和微裂缝或页理发育的层段以及燕山期抬升时间晚且喜山期抬升幅度小区带所叠合的区域。     

川西南盐津地区志留系龙马溪组页岩地球化学特征及地质意义*

In order to find out the element geochemical characteristics of Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in Yanjin area,southwestern Sichuan Basin,as well as the material source and structural background of shale formation,the petromineralogy and geochemistry of 19 shale samples from Niuzhai section of Yanjin area were tested and analyzed. Combined with the previous research results and adjacent areas,the rare earth elements were mainly applied to discuss the sedimentary environment, the accumulation rate,material source and tectonic setting of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the study area. The results show that the mineral composition of the Longmaxi Formation in Niuzhai section of Yanjin is mainly quartz,carbonate minerals and clay minerals. The mineral triangle diagram shows that the Longmaxi Formation shale is mainly a combination of clay shale and mixed shale. The normalized partition pattern of rare earth elements is characterized by Ce deficit and weak Eu enrichment. The δCe values,Ni/Co and V/Cr values of the samples indicate that the paleo-water depth increases suddenly in the early stage and becomes shallow gradually in the later stage. Oxygen content gradually changes from anoxic reduction state in the early stage to weak oxidation state in the later stage. La_N/Yb_N values show that the shale deposition rate increases firstly and then decreases under the influence of sea level and terrigenous debris input. Provenance analysis shows that the source rocks area are mainly felsic igneous rocks and intermediate-acid geological bodies of granitoids. The La-Th-Sc diagram and tectonic setting characteristics show that the main tectonic setting of the source rocks is passive continental margin. Combined with previous studies and tectonic setting,it is inferred that the main source of the Longmaxi Formation shale is formed in the Passive continental margin of hypoxia,and the provenance is mainly from the Kang-Dian ancient land to the west of the study area,followed by the Central Guizhou uplift.     

Exploration and research progress of shale gas in China

There are three types of shale gas resources in China. The resources are present in large amounts and are widely distributed. Marine facies, transitional facies and continental facies resources each account for a third. Based on resource distributions, there are many wells penetrated into the Sinian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian strata of the Yangtze plate and its periphery, the North China Craton and the Tarim Basin. Many years of exploration have indicated that the marine Silurian Longmaxi shale gas is widely distributed in south China and has been industrialized in its production in the Sichuan basin. The shale gas from the Cambrian Niutitang Formation and the Sinian Doushantuo Formation are important discoveries in Yichang, Hubei and Zhenba, Shanxi. There are also shale gas resources found within transitional facies and continental facies in different areas in China. The “two element enrichment theory” has been summarized during the exploration process of Silurian marine shale gas in the Sichuan Basin. In addition, horizontal drilling and fracturing technologies up to 3500 m in depth have been developed. Based on the understanding of shale gas accumulation in a complex tectonic zone outside the Sichuan basin, a preliminary summary of the formation of the “converse fault syncline control reservoir” and “paleo uplift control reservoir” model has been constructed. The dominant theory of “Trinity” shale gas enrichment and the high yield of the “deep water Lu Pengxiang sedimentary facies belt, structural preservation conditions and overpressure” is summarized. Guided by the above theories. Anye1 well in Guizhou and Eyangye1 well in Hubei were drilled. “Four storey” oil and shale gas is found in the Permian Qixia group, the Silurian Shiniulan Formation, the Longmaxi Formation and the Ordovician Baota Formation in Anye1 well. Good shale gas has been gound in the Cambrian Niutitang formation inian Doushantuo formation in Eyangye 1well. This paper aims to summarize and review the main progress, theoretical technology and problems of shale gas exploration and development in recent years in China, and predicts the future exploration and development direction for shale gas and possible exploration areas.     

川东盆缘带龙马溪组关键保存要素对页岩气富集的控制作用

川东盆缘带是南方地区龙马溪组页岩气勘探的重点地区,已经在涪陵地区建成我国第一个页岩气大气田.研究区页岩气原始地质条件优越,但由于后期构造改造强烈,保存条件十分复杂,直接影响到页岩气的富集程度,除涪陵地区外的其他地区尚未取得产能建设的重大突破.笔者等利用钻井、野外、测井、地震及分析测试资料分析了研究区构造及演化特征、抬升...     

中扬子地区下古生界海相泥-页岩含气勘探远景

利用中扬子区下古生界页岩的野外露头地质剖面、有机地球化学分析数据和钻井显示资料,分析中扬子下古生界页岩气资源勘探远景。研究表明,中扬子区下古生界海相泥-页岩主要以下寒武统水井沱组(或牛蹄塘组)和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组为主。上述2套泥质岩和页岩有机质含量丰富、有机质类型好、热演化程度高,多数已达到成熟—过成熟阶段,是有效页岩气气源岩。中扬子区自加里东以来经历了多期构造运动、构造隆升和挤压作用,改善了页岩储层的储集性能,提高页岩气聚集量。湘鄂西区和江汉平原区南部下寒武统泥-页岩可作为有利页岩气勘探选区,而鄂西渝东区钻井揭示志留系见工业性气流,表明该区志留系页岩气潜力较大。     

下扬子地区上二叠统页岩气成藏条件分析

【研究目的】下扬子地区上二叠统广泛发育龙潭组-大隆组暗色页岩,是中国页岩气调查的重点层位。目前该区勘探程度低,导致对该区页岩气成藏条件认识不清。【研究方法】通过龙潭组和大隆组页岩地球化学特征、储集性能,以及保存条件等方面的研究,对该区页岩气资源潜力进行了评价,对有利区进行了优选。【研究结果】龙潭组和大隆组有机质丰度高,TOC含量普遍大于2.0%,热演化程度适中(介于1.3%～2.5%),储集空间以墨水瓶和狭缝状中孔为主,脆性矿物含量普遍高于50%,具有较好的生烃物质基础和可压裂性。龙潭组页岩累计厚度较大,具有良好的自封闭能力,保存条件总体优于大隆组。二者均发育多种类型的裂缝,是页岩气逸散的主要通道,此外,后期岩浆活动较为频繁,对于页岩气有很强的破坏作用,保存条件是页岩气富集的关键。【结论】下扬子地区上二叠统页岩气选区评价应以沉积环境、生烃能力、储集性能等为基础,以页岩气保存条件为关键,采取“强中找弱”的原则进行,最终在下扬子地区大隆组和龙潭组分别划分了5个有利区。