ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA—A Case Study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied ficld of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system of synthetic regionalization of ecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with eco     

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA——A Case Study of Du＇an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied field of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study ofDu‘an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system ofsynthetic regionalization ofecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with ecological insecurity and compounded agriculture and forestry management. Meanwhile, for these regions, the countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development were pointed out, which provide the basis and example for ecological regulation and control of sustainable agricultural development in counties of karst mountainous area.     

Modification of agriculture landscape in three-river area in Xizang

Ｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｒｉｖｅｒａｒｅａ（ｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｄｒａｉｎａｇｅａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅＹａｒｌｕｎｇＺａｎｇｂｏＲｉｖｅｒｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｉｔｓｔｒｉｂｕｔａｒｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＬｈａｓａＲｉｖｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅＮｙａｎｇｑｕＲｉｖｅｒ）ｉｓａｎｅｃｏ...     

基于稀疏样点的蒙古国产草量估算方法研究

产草量是衡量草原生产力和诊断草原健康状况的指标,是草地资源管理的重要依据。近年来,遥感数据结合地面实测数据建模已成为产草量估算的重要手段。充足的实测样点信息是产草量遥感建模估算的基础。受境外采样多重因素的制约,蒙古国产草量估算研究中无法获取足够且分布均匀的实测样点,估产模型的精度受到影响,这一问题目前尚未发现有好的解决方法。本研究选取中蒙铁路沿线（蒙古段）两侧200 km缓冲区作为研究区,针对产草量遥感估算中野外样点稀少且分布不均的问题,引入P-BSHADE方法,基于多年NDVI数据和获取的少量地面实测样点数据,考虑草地分布的非均匀性以及样点之间的相关性,对均匀分布的模拟样点处的产草量数据进行插值实验。结果显示,P-BSHADE法的插值效果优于Kriging法,可得到均匀分布于研究区的样点。基于以上实测样点和插值样点,结合NDVI、EVI、PsnNet 3种植被指数进行遥感建模,最优模型精度达到80%,精度优于已有相关研究。选取其中最优的基于NDVI的指数模型对研究区2000—2019年产草量进行反演,获得的产草量空间格局与年际变化与已有研究结果趋势吻合,进一步印证了结果的可靠性和插值方法的可行性。本研究通过插值的方式改善数据源从而提高估算模型精度是一种全新的思路与尝试,对于“一带一路”等境外区域资源环境监测具有借鉴意义。     

Complex ecologic-economic system of afforestation—An example of sustainable agriculture

The paper deals with a transformation model of a backward district into a prosperous one. The district is geographically located in Lixiahe region, Jiangsu Province. The region had long been known as one of the poorest area in China, and had been alternatively attacked by flood, waterlogging, drought, salinization, and plague of insect. Since the seventies of this oentury efforts to open up trenches on lowland and to level up the shoaly land have been made. A kind of tree, which is tolerable to high watertable, was used to afforest the land. Cereal crop, vegetable and beans are grown. In some cases, the shoaly land is used for sheep grazing and fishery. A favorable combination of forestry, agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery has been set up in the region. There are five types of managements in the system: 1) forestry-agriculture complex management, 2) forestry-fishery complex management, 3) forestry-aquatic plant-fishery complex management, 4) forestry-animal husbandry complex management, and 5) forestry-edible mushroom complex management. The principles and ecological benefits of this system can be identified: 1) Increase soil fertility by piling mud from marsh land on top soil, and thicken the arable layer. 2) Enhance the utilization rate of sunlight and energy, due to the change of microclimate in field. 3) As a result of multiple layer cultivation and multi-cropping, the production has been greatly increased. 4) Accelerate the cycling of matter and conversion of energy and nutrient of the system. 5) Decrease the consumption of soil fertility and increase the capability of controlling insect pests. 6) Improve ecological environment by afforestation. 7) Raise income and provide jobs for local peasants, even some ones from other part of this province.     

COMPLEX ECOLOGIC－ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF AFFORESTATION－AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

ＣＯＭＰＬＥＸ ＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣ－ＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣ ＳＹＳＴＥＭ ＯＦ ＡＦＦＯＲＥＳＴＡＴＩＯＮ－ＡＮ ＥＸＡＭＰＬＥ ＯＦ ＳＵＳＴＡＩＮＡＢＬＥ ＡＧＲＩＣＵＬＴＵＲＥ ＬｉＸｉａｏｆａｎｇ（李孝芳）（ＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆｏｒＩｎｔｅｇｒａｔ...     

DYNAMICS OF SANDY DESERTIFICATION AND ITS DRIVING FORCES IN WESTERN JILIN PROVINCE

By establishing the interpreting elements, and applying supervised classification, the sandy desertification was interpreted and the desertified land areas of the counties in the western Jilin Province in 1986 and in 2000 were obtained. Taking Tongyu and Qian‘an as examples, the natural driving forces and man-made driving forces were analyzed. The paper comes the conclusions that the material sources and the warming and dry climate are the internal causes of potential land descrtification: the irrational human activities, such as destroying forest and reclaiming the grassland, are the external causes of potential land desertification; while more rational human activities, such as planting trees and restoring grassland can reverse the land desertification. Furthermore, the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the western Jilin Province are put forward.     

改革开放30年来中国农业生产总体评价及其预测模型的建立

采用近30年来的统计数据,对改革开放以来中国农业生产的总体趋势进行了分析描述,认为以农林牧渔业增加值(第一产业增加值)表示的农业生产水平总体上呈现上升趋势;通过对影响农业生产的因素运用因子分析法进行综合归纳,认为投入因子、土地面积因子以及价格因子是影响农业生产最主要的公共因子。最后运用投入因子、土地面积因子以及价格因子建立了中国农业生产总体情况的预测模型。     

THE EXPERIENCES AND MODELS OF LAND RESOURCES USE IN CHINA

This paper introduces the experiences and models of land resources use in China. They are: (1) to protect farmland is as the basic state policy; (2) to carry out land resources survey and land use planning; (3) establishing a resource-saving agricultural production system with land saving as its priority; (4) to develop agriculture in the whole territory and explore food resources; (5) improving eco-environment and protecting land resources; (6) population control'and moderate consumption to release the pressure on land resources; (7) the integrated development and experiment of the typical regions.     

Agricultural Land Suitability of Production Space in the Taihang Mountains,China

The contradiction between the shortage of land for agriculture due to rapid expansion of industrialization and urbanization and increasing population pressure is projected to impose great threats to future food security.Agricultural land suitability evaluation is an effective approach to improve the utilization of land resources for crop production and thus enhance the capacity of food provision.In this study, we evaluated the land suitability for agriculture of the production space in the Taihang Mountains by three steps: establishing indicator system, determining weights for indicators, and constructing a fuzzy matter-element model to assess the grades of suitability.Results showed that the land suitability had a significant linear correlation with potential crop yields, indicating our evaluation was effective to predict crop production.The spatial pattern of land suitability for crop production demonstrated that land with higher suitability was generally located in piedmont plains and basins, while land with lower suitability was mostly situated in mountainous areas.The area of highly, moderately, marginally suitable and unsuitable land for agriculture was 32.13%, 28.58%, 37.49% and 1.80% of the production space, respectively.However, the correlation degree analysis indicated that the requirements of these four suitability grades were currently not satisfied but could be potentially fulfilled.In terms of indicator weights, soil properties were much more important than topography and location conditions to influence the grades of suitability.Among all indicators, slope, soil organic matter, soil texture and soil depth were the most influential factors, so slope farming prevention and organic fertilization were most likely to improve land suitability for agriculture.Compared the outputs of our land suitability evaluation model with the distribution of the existing croplands, we found that about 66.52% of marginally suitable and 54.55% of unsuitable land for agriculture were currently used for croplands.Therefore, de-farming policy should be implemented in areas of these two suitability grades.In contrast, cropland expansion was encouraged in the land that was highly or moderately suitable for agriculture.Our evaluation of agricultural land suitability is beneficial for future land use planning and decision-making in the Taihang Mountains.     

Paradigm and ecological implication of changing agricultural land-use: A case study from Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Himalaya, India

The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(i.e.agriculture,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan region.In view of this,we studied the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use and dependency of agroecosystem on forest and animal husbandry over a period of two decades.Based on data analysis it was found that the cultivation of some traditional crops has either been abandoned in the area or declined by 25%-85% due to introduction of cash crops viz.,potato,kidney bean and apple farming with acreage increased up to 51%-72% in the last three decades.Livestock population of different categories has declined drastically by 17%-75%,and has resulted shortage of farmyard manure,deterioration of soil quality and fertility which leads to un-sustainability of agriculture system.The changes in agrobiodiversity have led to the dramatic increase in soil loss and runoff from the croplands together with the increase pressure on forests.The economic evaluation of each crop showed higher monetary benefit from cash crops as compared to traditional crops.Among all the evaluated crops,the monetary output/input ratio was found highest(3.04) for kidney bean and lowest(1.26) for paddy.Changes in land use and management have improved household income but at the cost of forest degradation,less productive animal husbandry and loss of agrodiversity in the region.Therefore,there is an urgent need to bring desirable changes in agricultural policy,research,land use and efficient management of the resources for maintaining sustainability in agro and Himalayan forest ecosystem.     

Land use and land cover changes in Jahlma watershed of the Lahaul valley, cold desert region of the northwestern Himalaya, India

Land use and land cover changes that occurred during the period from 1991 to 2001 in the Jahlma watershed of the Lahaul valley, a cold desert region of the northwestern Himalaya, were evaluated using land use data and visual interpretation of IRS Satellite imageries. The results revealed that out of the six major land use forms within the watershed, land areas under agriculture, kitchen garden and settlement land were found increased, whereas a declining trend was recorded in areas under grassland, barren land and Salix plantation. The cultivated land within the watershed increased from 54.87 % （total of agriculture land, kitchen garden, grassland, barren land, Salix plantation and residential area） in 1991 to 56.89 % in 2OOl, corresponding to an expansion of 4.41 ha. On the other hand, the areas of grassland decreased from 31.41% in 1991 to 29.81% in 2001. Such a dramatic land use and land cover changes taking place within the 33 km^2 watershed area in a single decade deafly indicates the prevailing danger of land degradation and environmental deterioration in the region.     

Analyzing land-use change in farming-pastoral transitional region using autologistic model and household survey approach

Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic model, and household survey method, this study investigated major land use changes and their causes from 1978 to 2008 in Uxin Banner （county-level）, Inner Mongolia in China and then developed an understanding of the relationships between household livelihood and land-use pattern. Results showed that cultivated land increased from 1988 to 2000, and leveled offafter 2000. Built-up land increased stably for the period 1978 2008. The change of grassland and bare land differed among the three periods. From 1978 to 1988, grassland increased by 23.3%, and bare land decreased by 20.48%. From 1988 to 2000, bare land expanded by 1.7%, but grassland declined by 1.3%. From 2000 to 2008, an increase in grassland area by 1.8% was observed, but a decrease in bare land area by 9.0% was witnessed. The autologistic models performed better than logistic models as indicated by lower Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） values. Factors associated with human activities significantly correlated with the change of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and built-up land. The produce prices and extensive cultivated land use are major issues in the farming area. This study suggests that completing land circulation systems and maintaining the stability of price are effective solutions. By contrast, reclamation and overgrazing are major concerns in the pastoral areas. Implementing environmental policies effectively, transferring population out of rural pastoral areas, and developing modem animal husbandry are effective ways to address these issues.     

新疆土地耕作适宜性的多自然地理要素评价方法

新疆维吾尔族自治区地处中国西北边陲,研究该区宜耕土地资源的空间分布,对促进其土地资源合理开发,确保国家耕地安全和粮食安全具有重大现实意义。本文基于多源自然地理要素,对新疆土地资源的耕作适宜性进行GIS多级评价。首先,选取地形、气候、土壤和生态4要素共10个宜耕因子,采用综合指数法与极限条件法相结合的评价方法,构建了新疆宜耕土地资源评价模型;然后,将模型结果与基于地貌数据获得的宜耕区域叠加对比,确定对模型结果的分级标准,得到新疆宜耕土地资源的数量、质量及空间分布格局;最后,利用2000、2005和2013年3期土地利用数据,验证了模型的合理性和科学性,同时,通过统计分析找出模型中需进一步完善之处。     

THE SYSTEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES OF THE HUANGHE RIVER DELTA

ＴＨＥＳＹＳＴＥＭＡＴＩＣＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＴＨＥＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＨＵＡＮＧＨＥＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡ￥ＸｕＸｕｅｇｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉ...     

浅析“数质并重”新常态下莱芜市耕地占补平衡工作

近年来,国家对实现耕地数量和质量并重提出新的更高要求,明确提出建设占用耕地要"占优补优,占水田补水田",并不断完善各项配套措施。针对政策的趋向性变化,该文结合莱芜市实际,就如何做好新形势下耕地占补平衡提出意见建议。     

基于遥感的青岛市区土地利用动态变化研究

基于青岛市区2005年4月和2015年4月的TM影像,利用ENVI中监督分类法,结合人工目视解译,得出2005年和2015年青岛市区土地利用类型分布情况。利用土地利用类型动态模型,分析了10年间青岛市土地利用类型的变化规律。认为2005—2015年,青岛市土地利用类型产生了较大的变化,建设用地、耕地、水面、草地、林地的面积变化显著。其中,建设用地面积增加200.98 km~2;耕地面积减少105.89 km~2;水面面积减少76.68 km~2;草地面积减少69.53 km~2;林地面积增加54.45 km~2;未利用土地面积减少。说明青岛市区处于土地利用发展的时期,政府应该注重土地资源的合理利用。     

国土资源网站传播与管理策略研究

国土资源管理中遭遇的资源供需矛盾、利益协调困难、违法违规反弹、粗放浪费严重等问题,只是保障发展、保护资源"两难"局面的一些表象,更深层次的原因应从体制、机制、法制的缺陷中探寻,最基础的前提就是要提高国土资源文化的软实力。新媒体时代下,国土资源文化建设通过互联网站、手机报、微博等新媒体手段及报纸、杂志等传统媒介平台进行传播,不断为国土资源事业的改革发展提供强大的精神动力和舆论支持。     

Territorial suitability assessment and function zoning in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area

An earthquake in the Jiuzhaigou area caused numerous secondary disasters, such as rolling stones, land collapse, landslides and debris flow, which badly affected the safety of human settlements and influenced the spatial layout of the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, carrying out assessments of land and identifying a suitable zone for human habitats were very important. This research creates the territorial suitability assessment and function zoning conceptual model in the earthquake-stricken area, and the new methods of the territorial suitability evaluation system were used to divide the spatial functional zones of the earthquake stricken area, which provide a theoretical guidance and decisionmaking basis for the reconstruction of the disaster area. The results showed that:(1) The Jiuzhaigou earthquake-stricken area comprises of an ecological area that has a high level of importance to the ecosystem. In the earthquake-stricken area, 65% of national land is at an altitude of 3000-4000 m, and therefore not suitable for a high level of intensive reconstruction, but reconstructed in an eco-friendly manner.(2) The zone suitable for reconstruction comprises mainly of the river valley and the flat terrain of western parts. The land with low suitability is mainly located on steep terrain, such as highmountains and low gullies. The geographic and geomorphic conditions limit the spread of a suitable reconstruction zone.(3) The earthquake-stricken area mainly comprises of a tourism industry gathering area, population gathering area, agriculture and animal husbandry development area, and ecological preservation area with areas of 76 km^2, 44 km^2, 1591 km^2 and 7512 km^2, respectively. Scientifically zoning the reconstruction areas using scientific evaluation may provide guidance for the location of reconstruction sites.     

Land use/cover changes and environmental consequences in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

The Songnen Plain in Northeast China, one of the key national bases of agricultural production, went through remarkable land use/cover changes in recent years. This study aimed to explore the long-term land use/cover changes and the effects of these changes on the environment. The Landsat-based analysis showed that, during 1986–2000, cropland, built-up land and barren land had increased, among which cropland had the largest increase of 9,198km² with an increase rate of 7.5%. Woodland, grassland, water body and swampland had decreased correspondingly, among which grassland had the most dramatic decrease of 6,127km² with a decrease rate of 25.6%. The transition matrix results revealed that grassland, woodland and swampland were the three main land use types converted to cropland. Climate warming created the potential environment for the conversion of grassland and swampland into cropland. Land resources policy made by central and provincial governments of China affected the pattern and intensity of land use. Land use/cover changes accompanied by climatic variation brought out a series of environmental consequences, such as sand desertification of land, land salinization and alkalinization, grassland degradation, and more frequent floods. Under this circumstance, optimized land use structure and restoration measures are needed.