Water—Rock Interaction in Tarim Basin：Constraints from Oilfield Water Geochemistry

Olifeld waters from Cenoxoic and Mesozoic terrestrial and Paleozoic marine environments in the Tarim Basin show no obvious difference in water chemistry except Br and isotopic compositions.The Paleozoic marine strata have higher Br concentrations than the terrestrial sediments,and the lack of obvious relationship between Br and I suggests that Br is not,for the most part,derived from the degradation of organic matter.The oilfield waters are characterized by high TDS(total dissolved solids),ranging from 120000mg/L to 320000mg/L relatively low Mg,high Ca,Sr,and CF relative to Br of evaporating seawater,suggestive of enhanced water-rock interaction,OAA(organic acid anions)concentrations are generally lower than 1500mg/L with high values occurring over the temperature range from 95℃ to 140℃,in the Cambrian to Jurassic systems,and nearby unconformities.Organic acids are considered to be generated mainly from thermal maturation of kerogens during progressive burial of the Jurassic-Triassic and Cambrian-Ordovician systems,biodegradation of crude oils nearby unconformities,and thermochemical sulfate reduction in part of the Cambrian and Ordovician strata.High Al concentrations up to 3mg/L to 5.5mg/L tend to occur in the waters of high OAA or petroleum-bearing intervals,suggesting the presence of organic complexing agents.Calculation by SOLMINEQ.88 with updated database shows that AlAc^2 may account for more than 30% of the total Al.Isotopic measurements(δD,δ18O)provide evidence for the following types of waters:diagenetically-modified connate meteoric water from the Jurassic and Triassic strata;diagenetically-modified connate marine water from the Cambrian and Ordovician strata;subaerially-evaporated water from the Cenozoic and Cretaceous strata;and mixed meteoric-evaporated or/and diagenetically modified connate water from the Carboniferous strata and reservoirs adjacent to the J/C and T/C unconformities.Those waters with very negative δD values from -51.30‰to-53.80‰(SMOW) and positive δ18O values from 2.99‰to 4.99‰(SMOW)in the continuous burial of the Cambrian-Ordovician system are explained to have resulted from hydrocarbon-water and water-rock interactions.     

河海大学 Water Science and Engineering创刊

国家新闻出版总署日前正式批复,同意河海大学创办英文期刊Water Science and Engineerillg（水科学与水工程）。该刊为季刊,面向国内外公开发行,国内统一连续出版物号为：CN32-1785/YV。     

Major flood disasters in Europe: 1950–2005

There is a need for comprehensive, standardised and georeferenced information on floods for political and economic decision-making. Relevant, accurate and up-to-date data is an important aspect for resource distribution, mitigation programmes, disaster monitoring and assessment. Despite this, there is a lack of spatial and thematic accurate global data for floods. In Europe, historic data on flood losses and casualties are neither comprehensive nor standardised, thus making long-term analyses at continental level difficult. In this article, we present a map and catalogue of the major flood events of the last 56 years in the European Union (EU), Bulgaria and Romania. This study is an effort to alleviate the lack of homogeneous and georeferenced information on flood disasters for large periods in Europe. The objectives of this paper are to identify and classify the major flood disasters of the last 56 years in the EU; to map the major flood disasters at pan-European scale with the support of a potential flood hazard map and ancillary GIS datasets; and to give a picture of the current situation for major floods in the EU on the basis of past events and current trends. The Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) of the Centre of Research on Epidemiology of Disasters in Brussels (CRED) and United States Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) and NATHAN of Munich Re are two of the main public global databases for natural disasters. Information from EM-DAT and NATHAN on flood disasters producing more than 70 casualties and/or more than 0.005% of EU GDP in damage has been assessed for the production of the map and catalogue of major flood disasters in Europe.

Major Factors Controlling Calcite Dissolution in Hydrothermal Karst Systems

ＭａｊｏｒＦａｃｔｏｒｓＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇＣａｌｃｉｔｅＤｉｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＨｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌＫａｒｓｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｓＷａｎｇＹａｎｘｉｎ；ＴａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｈｕａ（ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＧｅ...     

国际期刊《Ground Water》简介

《ＧｒｏｕｎｄＷａｔｅｒ》(地下水 )为美国国家地下水协会 (ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＧｒｏｕｎｄＷａｔｅｒＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ)于 1 96 3年创刊 .长期以来 ,《地下水》杂志是世界上唯一一份专刊登与地下水研究、实践有关论文的国际性期刊 (直到1 92 2年才有另一份专刊登地下水论文的《Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｏｌ ｏｇｙＪｏｕｒｎａｌ》问世 ) .该刊物中刊登的所有论文都为ＳＣＩ (ＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＣｉｔａｔｉｏｎＩｎｄｅｘ)收录 ,并广为同行引用 .其影响因子在同类刊物中颇高 ,仅次于《水资源研究》(《ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃ…     

Major ion geochemistry of Godavari River at Rajahmundry, India

Detailed time-series studies on the major ion geochemistry of tropical peninsular Indian rivers are lacking. In this backdrop, a small stretch of the Godavari River, globally ranking 32nd in terms of total discharge, is chosen for sampling at its mouth. The objectives are： （1） to understand the natural and anthropogenic sources controlling the major ion chemistry of the Godavari River at Rajahmundry, （2） processes controlling the temporal variations in major ions over a period of two years, （3） comparison of total dissolved solid （TDS） fluxes and weathering rates at Godavari River with other major tropical rivers. A total of 47 surface samples were collected, bimonthly, at five stations in the Godavari at Rajahmundry spaced over a distance of 6 km for a period of two years. Water samples were collected in pre-cleaned PP bottles. Parameters like temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity were measured on-site. Samples collected for analysis of major ions were processed within a few hours of collection by filtering through 0.45 mm pore size millipore filters. Filtered water samples for major ions were transported to the laboratory in cleaned 250 mL PP bottles. Sodium and K were measured on a Flame Photometer, Ca and Mg on a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Cl, NO3, SO4 by Ion Chromatography and SiO2 on a spectrophotometer. Chemical weathering of rocks controls the major ion chemistry of the Godavari River at its mouth as indicated by the alkaline nature of the river and dominant presence of Ca, Mg and HCO3 ions. Ca/Mg and Na/Mg ratios point its source to a mixture of lithological assemblages of basalt, granite-granodiorite,     

The 3rd Major Period of Nickel Mineralization in China

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

Hydrogeochemical Simulation of Water—Rock Interaction Under Water Flood Recovery in Renqiu Oilfield,Hebei Province,China

Hydrogeochemical simulation is an effective method to study water-rock interaction. In this paper, PHREEQM was used for the simulation of water-rock interaction under water flooding in the Renqiu Oilfield. Calculated results revealed that when fresh water was injected into the reservoir, Cl⁻ and Na⁺ would decrease without involvement in water-rock interaction. Erosion to dolomite will lead to an increase in Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and CaHCO ₃ ⁺ . Saturation index of calcite and aragonite decreased first and then increased. With fresh water accounting for up to 70%, mixed water has the strongest erosion ability. Deoiled water has erosion ability under high temperature and high partial pressure of CO₂. Pyrite and gypsum were sensitive to deoiled water, which can cause the dissolution of pyrite and the precipitation of gypsum. Micrographs revealed a great deal of information about water-rock interaction. The project was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49672159).     

Research on Climate Feedback of Human Water Use and Its Impact on Terrestrial Water Cycles —Advances and Challenges

The terrestrial water cycle is the mutual transformation of surface and near-surface water, which controls the supply of fresh water resources. It is affected by human activities, solar radiation and gravity, as well as climate and environmental conditions. Inter-basin water transfer, irrigation, crop cultivation and harvesting, exploitation of groundwater water and other human activities lead to the change of spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture, the underground water level, surface albedo, surface evaporation, as well as water and energy exchange between land surface and atmosphere. Human water use generates important feedback on the climate and changes the processes of the terrestrial water cycle significantly. The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation in China is uneven. In addition, human activities further exacerbate the fragility of water resources and the contradiction between supply and demand, posing a serious challenge to the sustainable development of social economy. Therefore, understanding the laws and mechanisms of terrestrial water cycle change is very important for water resources utilization and human sustainable development. From the perspective of climate change and human activities, this paper summarized the impact of human activities on terrestrial water cycle and the progress of climate feedback research. It is urgent to consider the evolution of terrestrial water cycle and its climate under the dual impact of natural and human activities, and develop the large-scale land surface hydrological models and climate models with human water use, crop planting and irrigation, lateral groundwater flow. From the perspective of a fully coupled system, we need quantitatively to assess the climate feedback of human water use and its impact on the terrestrial water cycle process, and to explore its mechanism. We need to distinguish the contribution of human water activities and global climate change to the evolution of terrestrial water cycle in the context of climate change, and to propose water resources management strategies to address climate change.     

Theory on Water Phase Transitions Controlling Hydrothermal Mineralization

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details.     

Exploration of Water Resource and Multiple Model for Water Resource Development in Karst Areas with the Preferred Plane Theory

According to the theory of preferred plane, preferred planes (faults) always control the distribution of bedrock fissure water and hold abundant groundwater. Thus, the exploration of fissure or karst water can be converted into searching for the watery preferred plane (WPP). In the paper, the characteristic of watery preferred planes is analyzed and a series of superior indices has been set up. It is introduced that WPPs are determined by the methods of geological analysis, superior index and complex geophysical analysis. Meanwhile, new multiple model for water resource development in the water-scarce areas of karst mountainous regions are advanced.     

法国Nymphea Water公司驻华代表来所

5月17日，受我所邀请，法国Nymphea Water公司驻华代表Emmanuel Turlin来所，就法国海底淡水泉勘探开发与我所科技人员进行交流探讨。Nymphea Water公司一直致力于水下淡水勘探开发，曾第一次成功地从地中海海底36公尺深处抽取淡水。交流会上，Emmanuel Turlin分别从海底泉探测及定位、海底泉特性研究、导出海底泉三个方面介绍了海底淡水泉开发流程，以及相关的技术方法，并运用多媒体手段展现海底淡水泉开发所产生的经济和社会效益。我所科技人员对Nymphea Water公司海底淡水泉勘探开发产生浓厚兴趣，并纷纷就海底淡水泉勘探开发与我所水工环地质调查中的交叉领域进行了交流与沟通。     

Experimental Study on Hydrocarbon Formation Due to Reactions Between Carbonates and Water or Water—Bearing Minerals in Deep Earth

In order to investigate the mechanism of formation of abiogenetic hydrocarbons at the depth of the Earth,experimental research on reactions between carbonates and water or waterbearing minerals was carried out at the pressure of about 1GPa and the temperature range of 800-1500℃.The reactions took place in an open and nonequilibrium state.Chromatographic analyses of the gas products indicate that in the experiments there were generated CH4-dominated hydrocarbons,along with some CO2 and CO.Accordingly,we think there is no essential distinction between free-state water and hydroxy in the minerals in the process of hydrocarbon formation.This study indicates that reactions between carbonates and water or water-bearing minerals should be an important factor leading to the formation of abiogenetic hydrocarbons at the Earth‘s depth.     

Study of Water Flow in a Single Clay Crack

A model has been constructed to study water flow in a single clay crack, and a new concept of the critical rise rate of water level in the crack has been put forward. When the water level rises faster than this critical rate, the flow in a crack will increase, and vice versa. The flow in a crack is not in proportion to the water level. The maximium water flow in clay is 30-40 times smaller than that in a rock fissure under the same condition. In the process of water discharge, the flow in a crack will lessen gradually, and the crack will grow narrower by 3.0-4.0cm, with its depth reducing by over 50%.